On this day in History - Mar 03

• 1111 - Bohemund I, dies, prince of Antioch.
• 1431 - Eugenius IV becomes Pope.
• 1455- King John II of Portugal, was born, (d. 1495) .
• 1549 Henric Spieghel, was born, Dutch Renaissance poet (Hertspiegel) .
• 1606 - Edmund Waller, was born, English poet (d. 1687) .
• 1616 - Matthias de L'Obel, dies (b. 1538). French physician and botanist whose Stirpium adversaria nova (1570; written in collaboration with Pierre Pena) was a milestone in modern botany, a collection of notes and data on 1,300 plants that he had observed and gathered in France and England.
• 1703 - Robert Hooke, dies, (b. 18 Jul 1635). English physicist, born Freshwater, Isle of Wight, who discovered the law of elasticity, known as Hooke's law. He was a virtuoso scientist who did research in a remarkable variety of fields ranging from physics and astronomy, to chemistry, biology, and geology, to architecture and naval technology.
• 1706 - Johann Pachelbel, dies, composer, (b. 1653) .
• 1707 - Aurangzeb, Mughal dies, emperor (b. 1618) .
• 1751 - Pierre Prévost was born (d. 8 Apr 1839). Swiss philosopher and physicist who first showed that all bodies radiate heat, no matter how hot or cold they are. In Sur l'equilibre du feu (1792) he made a significant step forward in understanding the nature of heat. With the Prévost theory of exchanges, he introduced the concept of dynamic equilibrium in which all bodies are both radiating and absorbing heat .
• 1765 - William Stukeley dies (b. 7 Nov 1687). English antiquary and physician whose studies of the monumental Neolithic Period-Bronze Age stone circles at Stonehenge and Avebury, Wiltshire, led him to elaborate extravagant theories relating them to the Druids (ancient Celtic priest-magicians). These views were widely and enthusiastically accepted in the late 18th century .
• 1791 - The United States Mint is created by the U.S. Congress.
• 1792 - Robert Adam, dies (b. 1728) architect .
• 1792- Jean-Jacques Willmar, was born, luxembourgish politician (d. 1866) .
• 1792 - Muere el arquitecto Robert Adam.
• 1803 - Em Lisboa, foi fundado o Colégio Militar .
• 1805 - Jonas Furrer, was born, Swiss politician and first President of the Swiss Confederation, (d. 1861) .
• 1808 - Johann Christian Fabricius, dies (b. 7 Jan 1745). Danish entomologist who was one of the great entomologists of the 18th century. After studying with Swedish naturalist Linnaeus, Fabricius travelled widely in Europe to see insect collections and produced many publications describing all the new species that he saw .
• 1816 - La heroína boliviana Juana Azurduy de Padilla, al frente de 200 hombres, derrota a las tropas españolas.
• 1820 - The U.S. Congress passes the Missouri Compromise.
• 1831- George Mortimer Pullman, was born (d. 19 Oct 1897) American industrialist and inventor of the Pullman sleeping car for use on railroads.
• 1838 - George William Hill was born (d. 16 Apr 1914). U.S. mathematical astronomer considered by many of his peers to be the greatest master of celestial mechanics of his time.
• 1839 - Jamshedji Tata, was born, industrialist, father of Indian Industry, Philanthropist (d. 1904) .
• 1843 - Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen was born (d. 22 Nov 1902). English metallurgist noted for his research on the physical properties of metals and their alloys. He was knighted in 1899.
• 1841 - Sir John Murray was born (d. 16 Mar 1914). Scottish naturalist who, as one of its founders, coined the name oceanography He studyied ocean basins, deep-sea deposits, and coral-reef formation.
• 1845 - Florida is admitted as the 27th U.S. state.
• 1845 - For the first time the U.S. Congress passes legislation overriding a presidential veto.
• 1845 - Georg (Ferdinand Ludwig Philip) Cantor, was born (d. 6 Jan 1918). Russian-German mathematician who created modern set theory and extended it to give the concept of transfinite numbers,with cardinal and ordinal number classes. Although Cantor's earliest work was concerned with Fourier series, his reputation rests upon his contribution to transfinite set theory.
• 1847 - Alexander Graham Bell, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland (d.2 Aug 1922). Scientist, inventor of the telephone.
• 1849 - Minnesota Territory organized as a political division of the United States.
• 1849 - The United States Department of the Interior is established.
• 1849 - The U.S. Congress passes the Gold Coinage Act allowing the minting of gold coins.
• 1857 - France and the United Kingdom declare war on China.
• 1857 - Muere Guillermo Brown, almirante de origen irlandés, que dio gloria a la marina argentina.
• 1863 - Idaho Territory organized as a political division of the United States.
• 1865 - The U.S. Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau.
• 1873 - Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
• 1873 - William Green, was born, labor union leader, President of the American Federation of Labor, (d. 1952) .
• 1875 - Se estrena en París la ópera "Carmen", de George Bizet.
• 1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is privately inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (his public inauguration coming on March 5).
• 1878 - Bulgaria regains its independence from Ottoman Empire.
• 1879 - The United States Geological Survey is created.
• 1879 - William Kingdon Clifford, dies (b. 4 May 1845). British philosopher and mathematician who developed the theory of biquaternions (a generalization of the Irish mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton's theory of quaternions) and then linked them with more general associative algebras.
• 1879 - Elmer McCollum was born (d. 15 Nov 1967). Chemist who discovered vitamins A, B and D.
• 1883 - Sir Cyril Burt was born (d. 10 Oct 1971). British psychologist known for his development of factor analysis in psychological testing and for his studies of the effect of heredity on intelligence and behaviour.
• 1885 - The American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT &T) is incorporated in New York State as a subsidiary of American Bell Telephone. (American Bell would later merge with its subsidiary.)
• 1886 - José Isbert, was born, actor.
• 1892 - Rui Coelho, was born, composer .
• 1892 - Fred A. Busse, was born, mayor of Chicago, IL (d. 1914) .
• 1893 - Beatrice Wood, was born, artist, ceramicist, (d. 1998) .
• 1895 - Matthew Ridgway, was born, Supreme Allied Commander of NATO, United States Army Chief of Staff, (d. 1993) .
• 1898 - Emil Artin was born (d. 20 Dec 1962). Austro-German mathematician who worked in algebraic number theory, made a major contribution to field theory, and stated a law of reciprocity which included all previously known laws of reciprocity (1927).
• 1904 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany becomes the first person to make a sound recording of a political document, using Thomas Edison's cylinder.
• 1904 - Promulgación en España de la ley que establece el descanso dominical.
• 1905 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
• 1910 - Rockefeller Foundation: J.D. Rockefeller Jr. announces his retirement from managing his businesses so that he could devote full time to being a philanthropist.
• 1910 - Inauguración de la línea férrea entre Chile y Argentina, que atraviesa la cordillera de los Andes.
• 1910 - Consigue el título de piloto de aviación la baronesa de Laroche, primera mujer que murió víctima de un accidente aéreo.
• 1911 - Jean Harlow, was born, actress, (d. 1937)
• 1915 - NACA, the predecessor of NASA founded.
• 1915 - Portugal : Assaltos às padarias devido ao aumento do preço do pão.
• 1918 - Germany, Austria and Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in World War I, and leading to the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.
• 1918 - Nace Arthur Kornberg, bioquímico estadounidense, premio Nobel 1959.
• 1918 - Fritz Thiedemann, was born, equestrian, (d. 2000) .
• 1918 - Arthur Kornberg was born. American biochemist and physician who received (with Severo Ochoa) the 1959 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering the means by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules are duplicated in the bacterial cell, as well as the means for reconstructing this duplication process in the test tube .
• 1918 - Foi assinado o Tratado de Brest-Litovsky, entre a Alemanha e a Rússia .
• 1920 - Ronald Searle, was born, illustrator .
• 1920 - James Doohan, was born, actor .
• 1923 - TIME magazine is published for the first time. The first issue was 32 pages and featured a charcoal sketch of Congressman Joseph Gurney Cannon on the cover. It was the United States’ first, modern, news magazine .
• 1924 - Na Turquia, o Califa e a sua família foram expulsos e o califado foi abolido .
• 1926 - James Merrill, was born, Pulitzer Prize winning poet, (d. 1995) .
• 1926 - Lys Assia, was born, singer, Eurovision Song Contest winner .
• 1928 - France Križanič, was born, Slovene mathematician, (d. 2002) .
• 1930 - Heiner Geißler, was born, German politician .
• 1931 - The United States officially adopts "The Star-Spangled Banner" as its national anthem.
• 1933 - Mount Rushmore National Memorial is dedicated.
• 1937 - Amelia Earhart, dies, aviatrix, apparently disappeared over the Pacific Ocean .
• 1938 - Glenn Cunningham breaks the world record for the indoor mile run by completing the distance in 4 minutes, 4.4 seconds.
• 1939 - Manuel Azaña dimite como Presidente de la II República española .
• 1939 - In Mumbai, Mohandas Gandhi begins to fast in protest of the autocratic rule in India.
• 1939 - Estreno en Estados Unidos de la película de John Ford "La Diligencia", modelo en el género de filmes del Oeste.
• 1943 - Gandhi cesa su huelga de hambre, signo de protesta contra la presencia británica en la India.
• 1939 - Edmund Beecher Wilson , dies (b. 19 Oct 1856) American biologist known for his researches in embryology and cytology .
• 1941 - Jutta Hoffmann, was born, actress .
• 1943 - US wins Battle of Bismarck Sea over Japan .
• 1943 - World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.
• 1945 - World War II: Previously neutral Finland, finally, under increasing pressure from the United States and the USRR, declares war on its former partner, Germany (the Axis powers).
• 1945 - World War II: Hundreds of people die in The Hague after the Royal Air Force mistakenly bombs a civilian area in the city.
• 1945 - Aprobada el "Acta de Chapultepec", en esta ciudad mexicana, por la que se crea la Liga de Naciones Americanas.
• 1946 - John Virgo,was born, English snooker player.
• 1947 - Jennifer Warnes, was born, singer.
• 1949 - Jüri Allik, was born, Estonian psychologist.
• 1949 - Gloria Hendry, was born, actress .
• 1949 - The Tucker Automobile Corporation folds.
• 1952 - Se aprueba en Puerto Rico el proyecto de Constitución, por 375.000 votos a favor y 83.000 en contra.
• 1953 - Nasce Arthur Antunes Comibra "Zico", futebolista brasileiro.
• 1953 - Robyn Hitchcock, was born, musician .
• 1953 - A Canadian Pacific Comet Jet crashes in Karachi, Pakistan killing 11.
• 1954 - Nasce Harald Anton Schumacher, futebolista alemão.
• 1955 - Elvis Presley appears on television for the first time.
• 1956 - Nasce Zbigniew Boniek, futebolista polaco.
• 1957 - In Frankfurt. Germany, Corry Brokken wins the second Eurovision Song Contest for the Netherlands singing "Net als toen" (Like it used to be).
• 1958 - Miranda Richardson, was born, actress .
• 1958 - Nuri as-Said becomes the prime minister of Iraq for the 14th time.
• 1958 - Founder of Jaguars Motors retires. Sir William Lyons, founder of Jaguar Motors, retires as Chairman of Jaguar Cars Ltd .
• 1959 - Ira Glass, was born, radio host.
• 1959 - Lou Costello, dies, actor, comedian, (b. 1906) .
• 1959 - The San Francisco Giants officially name their new stadium Candlestick Park.
• 1961 - Hassan II becomes King of Morocco.
• 1961 - Paul Wittgenstein, dies, pianist, (b. 1887) .
• 1962 - Jackie Joyner-Kersey, was born, athlete .
• 1962 - Herschel Walker, was born, American football player .
• 1963 - Senegal adopts constitution .
• 1965 - US jets bomb Ho Chi Minh Trail. More than 30 US Air Force jets strike targets along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. Since such raids had become common knowledge and were being reported in the American media, the US State Department felt compelled to announce that these controversial missions were authorized by the powers granted to President Johnson in the August 1964 Tonkin Gulf Resolution.
• 1966 - Tone-Loc, was born, musician .
• 1966 - Maxfield Parrish, dies, artist, (b. 1870) .
• 1968 - Fallece el torero José Mejías (Pepe Bienvenida).
• 1968 - Greece, Portugal & Spain's embassies bombed in the Hague .
• 1969 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 9 to test the lunar module.
• 1969 - In a Los Angeles, California court, Sirhan Sirhan admits that he killed presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy.
• 1971- Beginning of Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and India's official entry to the Bangladesh Liberation War in support of Mukti Bahini .
• 1971 - Morreu o grande actor português António Silva .
• 1972 - The space probe Pioneer X is launched by NASA.
• 1973 - La Unidad Popular gana las elecciones legislativas en Chile.
• 1973 - A Unidade Popular vence as eleições no Chile, tendo como presidente Salvador Allende.
• 1973 - Victoria Nika Zdrok,was born, Kiev Ukraine, playmate (Oct, 1994) .
• 1974 - A Turkish DC-10 crashes at Ermenonville near Paris, killing all 346 aboard.
• 1974 - Roman Catholic and Lutheran officials reach an agreement for eventual reconciliation into one communion, marking the first agreement between the two churches since the Reformation.
• 1974 - George Foreman KOs Ken Norton.
• 1974 - David Faustino, was born, actor .
• 1976 - Mozambique closes border with Rhodesia .
• 1976 - Fleetwood Mac records Rumours, which will be a blockbuster album in 1977.
• 1977 - Ronan Keating, was born, Irish singer .
• 1978 - Carol Aquino, was born, Miss Guatemala Universe (1997).
• 1978 - Charles Chaplin's remains are stolen from Cosier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland but are recovered 11 weeks later near Lake Geneva.
• 1982 - Jessica (Claire) Biel was born, in Ely, Minnesota, USA, actress .
• 1982 - Georges Perec, novelist and essayist (b. 1936) .
• 1983 - Hergé, Belgian comics creator, (b. 1907) .
• 1984 - Un terremoto ocasiona el desplome del cerro Murmutani, en el valle de Cochabamba (Bolivia).
• 1987 - Danny Kaye, actor, singer, comedian, (b. 1913) .
• 1989 - A selecção portuguesa de Futebol sagra-se campeã mundial de juniores, sob a direcção de Carlos Queirós.
• 1989 - A nave espacial Discovery foi lançada no espaço.
• 1991 - An amateur video captures the beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers.
• 1991 - El Ejército Popular de Liberación de Colombia entrega las armas tras 23 años de lucha armada.
• 1987 - Marchioness Catherine Allen du Prada,was born, Famous Puerto Rican Salsa Queen.
• 1988 - Sewall Wright, dies (b. 21 Dec 1889). American biologist geneticist, one of the founders of modern theoretical population genetics.
• 1991- Latvia and Estonia vote to become independent of the USSR .
• 1991 - Arthur Murray, dancer, dance instructor, (b. 1895) .
• 1991 - Miguel Trovoada installed as president of São Tomé e Príncipe .
• 1991 - William Penney, dies (b. 24 Jun 1909). (Baron Penney of East Hendred) British nuclear physicist who led Britain's development of the atomic bomb .
• 1992 - Gas explodes in coal mine at Zonguldak Turkey, 100s die .
• 1993 - Albert Bruce Sabin dies (b. 26 Aug 1906). Polish-American physician and microbiologist best known for developing the first oral polio vaccine (1955), which was administered to millions of children in Europe, Africa, and the Americas beginning in the late 1950s.
• 1994 - Howard W. Hunter, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1907) ,
• 1994 - La Santa Sede y Jordania establecen relaciones diplomáticas.
• 1995 - In Somalia, the United Nations peacekeeping mission ends.
• 1996 - España: el Partido Popular encabezado por José Maria Aznar López obtiene mayoría relativa en las elecciones generales.
• 1996 - Meyer Schapiro, art historian, dies at 91.
• 1996 - Marguerite Duras, writer, dies at 81 .
• 1997 - Stanislav Shatalin, dies, Russian economist (500 Days) .
• 1998 - Bill Gates testifies at Senate Judiciary Committee .
• 1999 - LaGrand case: The State of Arizona executes Walter LaGrand, a German despite German legal action in the International Court of Justice.
• 1999 - Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones begin their successful attempt to circumnavigate the world in a hot air balloon without stopping.
• 1999 - Walter LaGrand, German national, executed by the State of Arizona .
• 1999 - Gerhard Herzberg dies (b. 25 Dec 1904). German-Canadian physicist and winner of the 1971 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in determining the electronic structure and geometry of molecules, especially free radicals: groups of atoms that contain odd numbers of electrons .
• 2001 - A U.S. Air Force Materials Command C-23 Sherpa transport crashes during stormy weather in the U.S. state of Georgia, killing 21.
• 2002 - Citizens of Switzerland narrowly vote in favour of their country becoming a member of the United Nations.
• 2003 - Horst Buchholz, dies, German actor, (b. 1933).
• 2003 - Peter Smithson, dies architect, (b. 1923).
• 2004 - Alec Zino, dies (b. 9 Feb 1916). Portuguese ornithologist and conservationist who gave his name to Zino's petrel, Europe's rarest breeding bird. Only perhaps 45 mating pairs of the Zino's petrel (Pterodroma madeira) remain on the island of Madeira, south-west of Portugal, where this small black and white seabird breeds.
• 2004 - In Yemen security forces arrested Abdul Raouf Naseeb, a leading al-Qaida member, along with other militants in the southern mountains.