Management Lesson - Tax System / Cortes e equidade fiscal
Let's put tax cuts in terms everyone can understand.
Suppose that every day, ten men go out for dinner and the bill for all ten comes to $100.
If they paid their bill the way we pay our taxes, it would go something like this:
The first four men (the poorest) would pay nothing.
The fifth would pay $1.
The sixth would pay $3.
The seventh would pay $7.
The eighth would pay $12.
The ninth would pay $18.
The tenth man (the richest) would pay $59.
So, that's what they decided to do.
The ten men ate dinner in the restaurant every day and seemed quite happy with the arrangement, until one day, the owner threw them a curve.
"Since you are all such good customers," he said, "I'm going to reduce the cost of your daily meal by $20." Dinner for the ten now cost just $80.
The group still wanted to pay their bill the way we pay our taxes so the first four men were unaffected. They would still eat for free. But what about the other six men - the paying customers? How could they divide the $20 windfall so that everyone would get his 'fair share?'
They realized that $20 divided by six is $3.33. But if they subtracted that from everybody's share, then the fifth man and the sixth man would each end up being paid to eat their meal.
So, the restaurant owner suggested that it would be fair to reduce each man's bill by roughly the same amount, and! he proceeded to work out the amounts each should pay.
And so:
The fifth man, like the first four, now paid nothing (100% savings).
The sixth now paid $2 instead of $3 (33% savings).
The seventh now paid $5 instead of $7 (28% savings).
The eighth now paid $9 instead of $12 (25% savings).
The ninth now paid $14 instead of $18 (22% savings).
The tenth now paid $49 instead of $59 (16% savings).
Each of the six was better off than before. And the first four continued to eat for free. But once outside the restaurant, the men began to compare their savings.
"I only got a dollar out of the $20," declared the sixth man. He pointed to the tenth man," but he got $10!"
"Yeah, that's right," exclaimed the fifth man. "I only saved a dollar, too. It's unfair that he got ten times more than me!"
"That's true!!" shouted the seventh man. "Why should he get $10 back when I got only two? The wealthy get all the breaks!"
"Wait a minute," yelled the first four men in unison. "We didn't get anything at all. The system exploits the poor!"
The nine men surrounded the tenth and beat him up.
The next night the tenth man didn't show up for dinner, so the nine sat down and ate without him. But when it came time to pay the bill, they discovered something important. They didn't have enough money between all of them for even half of the bill!
And that, boys and girls, journalists and college professors, is how our tax system works. The people who pay the highest taxes get the most benefit from a tax reduction. Tax them too much, attack them for being wealthy, and they just may not show up anymore.
In fact, they might start eating overseas where the atmosphere is somewhat friendlier.
David R. Kamerschen, Ph.D. - Professor of Economics, University of Georgia
Em Português (e com adaptação livre - afinal com umas cervejolas a coisa sempre fica melhor)
Era uma vez dez amigos que se reuniam todos os dias numa cervejaria para beber e a factura era sempre de 100 euros. Solidários, e aplicando a teoria da equidade fiscal, resolveram o seguinte:
- os quatro amigos mais pobres não pagariam nada;
- o quinto pagaria 1 euro;
- o sexto pagaria 3;
- o sétimo pagaria 7;
- o oitavo pagaria 12;
- o nono pagaria 18;
- e o décimo, o mais rico, pagaria 59 euros.
Satisfeitos, continuaram a juntar-se e a beber, até ao dia em que o dono da cervejaria, atendendo à fidelidade dos clientes, resolveu fazer-lhes um desconto de 20 euros, reduzindo assim a factura para 80 euros. Como dividir os 20 euros por todos?
Decidiram então continuar com a teoria da equidade fiscal, dividindo os 20 euros igualmente pelos 6 que pagavam, cabendo 3,33 euros a cada um. Depressa verificaram que o quinto e sexto amigos ainda receberiam
para beber.
Gerada alguma discussão, o dono da cervejaria propôs a seguinte modalidade que começou por ser aceite:
- os cinco amigos mais pobres não pagariam nada;
- o sexto pagaria 2 euros, em vez de 3, poupança de 33%;
- o sétimo pagaria 5, em vez de 7, poupança de 28%;
- o oitavo pagaria 9, em vez de 12, poupança de 25%;
- o nono pagaria 15 euros, em vez de 18.
- o décimo, o mais rico, pagaria 49 euros, em vez de 59 euros, poupança de 16%.
Cada um dos seis ficava melhor do que antes e continuaram a beber. No entanto, à saída da cervejaria, começaram a comparar as poupanças:
-Eu apenas poupei 1 euro, disse o sexto amigo, enquanto tu, apontando para o décimo, poupaste 10!... Não é justo que tenhas poupado 10 vezes mais...
- E eu apenas poupei 2 euros, disse o sétimo amigo, enquanto tu, apontando para o décimo, poupaste 10!...Não é justo que tenhas poupado 5 vezes mais!...
E os 9 em uníssono gritaram que praticamente nada pouparam com o desconto do dono da cervejaria. "Deixámo-nos explorar pelo sistema e o sistema explora os pobres", disseram. E rodearam o amigo rico e maltrataram-no por os explorar.
No dia seguinte, o ex-amigo rico "emigrou" para outra cervejaria e não compareceu, deixando os nove amigos a beber a dose do costume. Mas quando chegou a altura do pagamento, verificaram que só tinham 31 euros, que não dava sequer para pagar metade da factura!... Aí está o sistema de impostos e a equidade fiscal.
Os que pagam taxas mais elevadas fartam-se e vão começar a beber noutra cervejaria, noutro país, onde a atmosfera seja mais amigável!...
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