On this day in History - Oct. 3
- 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius.
- 42 BC - Gaius Cassius Longinus dies.
- 1226 - Saint Francis of Assisi dies (b. 1181).
- 1283 - Dafydd ap Gruffydd, prince of Gwynedd in Wales, becomes the first person executed by drawing and quartering.
- 1369 - Margarete Maultasch dies (b. 1318). Countess of Tyrol.
- 1568 - Elizabeth of Valois dies (b. 1545). Queen of Philip II of Spain.
- 1596 - Florent Chrestien dies (b. 1541). French writer.
- 1611 - Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne dies (b. 1554). French military leader.
- 1629 - Giorgi Saakadze dies (b. 1570). Georgian military leader.
- 1649 - Giovanni Diodati dies (b. 1576). Swiss protestant clergyman.
- 1653 - Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn dies (b. 1612). Dutch scholar.
- 1656 - Myles Standish dies. English-born soldier.
- 1683 - The Qing Dynasty naval commander Shi Lang reaches Taiwan (under the Kingdom of Tungning) to receive the formal surrender of Zheng Keshuang and Liu Guoxuan after the Battle of Penghu.
- 1690 - Robert Barclay was born. Scottish writer.
- 1701 - Joseph Williamson dies (b. 1633). English politician.
- 1712 - The Duke of Montrose issues a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy MacGregor.
- 1716 - Giovanni Battista Beccaria was born (d. 1780). Italian physicist.
- 1720 - Johann Peter Uz was born (d. 1796). German poet.
- 1722 - Johann Heinrich Tischbein was born. German painter.
- 1733 - Nasce em Lisboa, o intendente Pina Manique, fundador da Casa Pia de Lisboa.
- 1739 - The Treaty of Nissa is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia at the end of the Russian-Turkish War, 1736-1739.
- 1778 - British Captain James Cook anchors in Alaska.
- 1789 - George Washington proclaims the first Thanksgiving Day to be Nov 26.
- 1790 - John Ross (Cherokee chief) was born (d. 1866). Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation.
- 1795 - General Napoleon Bonaparte first rises to national prominence being named to defend the French National Convention against armed counter-revolutionary rioters threatening the three year old revolutionary government.
- 1797 - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany was born (d. 1870).
- 1800 - George Bancroft was born. Historian known as the "Father of American History" for his 10-volume A History of the United States.
- 1801 - Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur dies (b. 1724). Marshal of France.
- 1802 - John Gorrie was born (d. 1855). American scientist.
- 1804 - Allan Kardec was born († 1869). French founder of Spiritism.
- 1804 - Townsend Harris was born. First U.S. Consul to Japan.
- 1806 - Oliver Cowdery was born (d. 1850). American religious leader.
- 1828 - Woldemar Bargiel was born (d. 1897). German composer.
- 1833 - François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat dies (b. 1754). French general.
- 1835 - The Staedtler Company is founded in Nuremberg, Germany.
- 1837 - Nicolás Avellaneda was born. President of Argentine (1874-1880).
- 1849 - American author Edgar Allan Poe is found delirious in a gutter in Baltimore, Maryland under mysterious circumstances; it is the last time he is seen in public before his death.
- 1858 - Eleonora Duse was born (d. 1924). Italian actress.
- 1862 - Johnny Briggs was born (d. 1902). English cricketer.
- 1863 - Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov was born (d. 1935). Russian explorer.
- 1867 - Pierre Bonnard was born. French painter.
- 1867 - Elias Howe dies (b. 1819). American sewing machine pioneer.
- 1869 - Alfred Flatow was born (d. 1942). German Olympic champion gymnast.
- 1873 - Emily Post was born (d. 1960). American etiquette advisor.
- 1873 - Captain Jack and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War.
- 1877 - James Roosevelt Bayley dies (b. 1814). First Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore.
- 1880 - Warner Oland was born (d. 1938). Swedish-American actor.
- 1881 - Orson Pratt dies (b. 1811). American religious leader.
- 1882 - A. Y. Jackson was born (d. 1974). Canadian Painter.
- 1885 - Langley Collyer was born (d. 1947). One of the two Collyer brothers, hoarder.
- 1885 - Sophie Treadwell was born (d. 1970). American playwright and journalist.
- 1889 - Carl von Ossietzky was born (d. 1938). German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1935.
- 1890 - Joseph Hergenröther dies (b. 1824). German historian.
- 1890 - Emilio Portes Gil was born. President of México (1928-1930).
- 1891 - Edouard Lucas dies (b. 1842). French mathematician.
- 1894 - Elmer Robinson was born (d. 1982). American politician.
- 1895 - Giovanni Comisso was born (d. 1969). Italian writer.
- 1895 - Serguei Yessenin was born. Russian poet.
- 1896 - Gerardo Diego was born (d. 1987). Spanish poet.
- 1896 - William Morris dies (b. 1834). English poet.
- 1897 - Louis Aragon was born († 1982). French writer and poet
- 1898 - Leo McCarey was born (d. 1969). American movie director.
- 1899 - Louis Hjelmslev was born († 1965). Danish lexicographer.
- 1899 - J. S. Thurman patented a motor-driven vacuum cleaner.
- 1899 - Gertrude Berg was born (d. 1966). American actress.
- 1900 - Thomas Wolfe was born (d. 1938). American author (Look Homeward Angel).
- 1901 - Jean Grémillon was born (d. 1959). French film director.
- 1902 - Costa e Silva was born (d. 1969). President of Brazil.
- 1902 - Portugal : Em Belém, Lisboa, é inaugurada a estátua de Afonso de Albuquerque.
- 1904 - Charles J. Pedersen was born (d. 1989). American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1908 - The Pravda newspaper founded by Leon Trotsky, Adolph Joffe, Matvey Skobelev and other Russian exiles in Vienna.
- 1910 - Morre assassinado Miguel Bombarda (n. 1851). Médico, escritor e político português.
- 1915 - Orlando Silva was born († 1978). Brazilian singer.
- 1916 - James Herriot was born (d. 1995). English veterinarian and author.
- 1916 - Shelby Storck was born (d. 1969). American television producer.
- 1918 - King Boris III of Bulgaria accedes to the throne.
- 1918 - Pedro Lazaga was born. Spanish film director.
- 1919 - José Hermano Saraiva was born. Portuguese historian.
- 1919 - James M. Buchanan was born. American economist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1922 - Jean Lefebvre was born (d. 2004). French actor.
- 1923 - Edward Oliver LeBlanc was born (d. 2004). Dominican politician.
- 1924 - Arkady Vorobyov was born. Russian weightlifter.
- 1925 - Gore Vidal was in West Point, NY. American author (Myra Breckinridge, Lincoln, DC, Burr). American author.
- 1928 - Erik Bruhn was born (d. 1986). Danish ballet dancer, choreographer.
- 1929 - The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is renamed to Kingdom of Yugoslavia, "Land of the South Slavs".
- 1929 - Jeanne Eagels dies (b. 1929). American actress.
- 1931 - Glenn Hall was born. National Hockey League goaltender.
- 1931 - Carl Nielsen dies (b. 1865). Danish composer.
- 1932 - Iraq gains its independence.
- 1933 - Neale Fraser was born. Australian tennis player.
- 1935 - Charles Duke was born. American astronaut.
- 1936 - Steve Reich was born. American composer.
- 1936 - John Heisman dies (b. 1869). American football coach.
- 1937 - E. W. Howe dies (b. 1853). American novelist.
- 1938 - Eddie Cochran was born (d. 1960). American singer.
- 1938 - Tereza Kesovija was born. Croatian singer.
- 1938 - Dia em que, a partir de então, sempre às sextas-feiras, a beata Alexandrina Maria da Costa alegava viver os sofrimentos da Paixão de Cristo.
- 1940 - Jean Ratelle was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1940 - Alan O'Day was born. American singer and songwriter.
- 1941 - Chubby Checker was born. American musician.
- 1942 - First successful launch of A4-rocket from Test Stand VII at Peenemünde, Germany: the first man-made object to reach space.
- 1942 - Zeferino Brazil dies in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul (b. 24 Apr 1870). Brazilian poet who was named "Principe dos Poetas Riograndenses".
- 1944 - Pierre Deligne was born. Belgian mathematician.
- 1945 - Kay Baxter was born (d. 1988). American bodybuilder.
- 1946 - Biff Henderson was born. American television personality.
- 1947 - John Perry Barlow was born. American musician.
- 1948 - Michael Medved was born. American film critic.
- 1949 - Lindsey Buckingham was born. American musician.
- 1949 - José Mayer was born. Brazilian actor.
- 1949 - Zé Ramalho was born. Brazilian singer.
- 1950 - Pamela Hensley was born. American actress.
- 1951 - Keb' Mo' was born. American singer.
- 1951 - Dave Winfield was born. Baseball player.
- 1951 - New York Giants beat the Brooklyn Dodgers 5-4, winning the National League pennant, with Bobby Thomson's "The Shot Heard 'Round the World".
- 1952 - The United Kingdom successfully tests a nuclear weapon.
- 1953 - Petrobras is founded by the Brazilian government.
- 1953 - Arnold Bax dies (b. 1883). English composer.
- 1954 - Dennis Eckersley was born. Baseball player.
- 1954 - Al Sharpton was born. American minister and politician.
- 1954 - Stevie Ray Vaughan was born (d. 1990). American guitarist.
- 1955 - Captain Kangaroo debuts on CBS.
- 1955 - The Mickey Mouse Club debuts on ABC.
- 1957 - Allen Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems is ruled not obscene.
- 1959 - Jack Wagner was born. American actor.
- 1959 - Greg Proops was born. American actor and comedian.
- 1959 - Fred Couples was born. American golfer.
- 1960 - The Andy Griffith Show debuts.
- 1960 - Ocorre a eleição que nomeará Jânio Quadros presidente do Brasil.
- 1962 - Project Mercury: Sigma 7 is launched from Cape Canaveral, with Astronaut Wally Schirra aboard, for a six-orbit, nine-hour flight.
- 1962 - Tommy Lee was born. American musician.
- 1963 – Chip Foose was born. American automotive designer.
- 1963 - Marion Peck was born. American artist and painter.
- 1964 - First Buffalo Wings are made at the Anchor Bar in Buffalo, New York.
- 1964 - Clive Owen was born. British actor.
- 1965 - Adriana Calcanhoto was born. Brazilian singer.
- 1965 - Jan-Ove Waldner was born. Swedish table tennis player.
- 1965 - Zachary Scott dies (b. 1914). American actor.
- 1966 - Darrin Fletcher was born. Major League Baseball player.
- 1967 - Rob Liefeld was born. American comic book writer and artist.
- 1967 - Woody Guthrie dies (b. 1912). American musician.
- 1967 - Malcolm Sargent dies (b. 1895). English conductor.
- 1968 - Brasil: O estudante José Guimarães morre no conflito que ficou conhecido como Batalha da Maria Antônia entre estudantes da Faculdade de Filosofia da USP e os da Universidade Mackenzie (v. anos de chumbo).
- 1968 - Perú: Golpe de estado leva o general Juan Velasco Alvarado ao poder.
- 1968 - Paul Crichton was born. English football player.
- 1969 - Gwen Stefani was born. American singer (No Doubt).
- 1969 - Tetsu was born. Japanese bassist (L'Arc~en~Ciel).
- 1969 - Skip James dies (b. 1902). American blues musician.
- 1971 - Kevin Richardson was born. American singer (Backstreet Boys).
- 1971 - Wil Cordero was born. Puerto Rican baseball player.
- 1972 - Garrett Dutton was born. American Musician (G. Love and Special Sauce).
- 1973 - Keiko Agena was born. Japanese-American actress.
- 1973 - Neve Campbell was born. Canadian actress.
- 1974 - Marianne Timmer was born. Dutch speed skater.
- 1975 - India Arie was born. American singer.
- 1975 - Talib Kweli was born. American Rapper.
- 1975 - Morre Zélio Fernandino de Morais (n. 1891). Brasileiro considerado o fundador da Umbanda tradicional.
- 1976 - Flávio Meireles was born. Portuguese footballer.
- 1976 - Seann William Scott was born. American actor.
- 1977 - Natália Correia, poetisa portuguesa, é distinguida com o prémio literário francês La Fleur de Laure, atribuído pelo Centre International de Poésie Néo-Latine e pelo Comité des Prix Petrarque de Poésie Néo-Latine.
- 1977 - Jake Shears was born. Singer (Scissor Sisters).
- 1978 - Ricardo Rocha was born. Portuguese football player.
- 1978 - Claudio Pizarro was born. Peruvian football player.
- 1978 - Gerald Asamoah was born. German football player.
- 1979 - Shannyn Sossamon was born. American actress and musician (Law & Order: SVU).
- 1979 - Johnny Nitro was born. American professional wrestler.
- 1979 - Danny Basham was born. American professional wrestler.
- 1981 - The Hunger Strike by Irish Republican Army prisoners at the Maze jail in Belfast ends after seven months and 10 deaths.
- 1981 - The Communist Party of Namibia is founded at a conference in Angola.
- 1981 - Amanda Walsh was born. Canadian actress.
- 1981 - Andreas Isaksson was born. Swedish footballer
- 1981 - Danny Coid was born. English footballer.
- 1981 - Matt Murton was born. American baseball player.
- 1981 - Zlatan Ibrahimovic was born. Swedish footballer.
- 1982 - Erik von Detten was born. American actor.
- 1983 - Fred was born. Brazilian footballer.
- 1983 - Hiroki Suzuki was born. Japanese actor.
- 1984 - Ashlee Simpson was born. American singer.
- 1984 - Yoon Eun Hye was born. South Korean actress.
- 1984 - Ashlee Simpson was born. American singer.
- 1985 - The Space Shuttle Atlantis flys its maiden voyage. (STS-51-J).
- 1986 - TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron at the Chalk River Laboratories, is officially opened.
- 1986 - Begins the construction of SkyDome Stadium.
- 1986 - Vince DiMaggio dies (b. 1912). American Baseball Player.
- 1987 - Zuleyka Rivera was born. Puerto Rican Miss Universe.
- 1987 - Jean Anouilh dies (b. 1910). French writer.
- 1987 - Kalervo Palsa dies (b. 1947). Finnish artist.
- 1987 - Miguel Rovisco dies (b. 1959). Portuguese dramatist and writer.
- 1988 - Tadhg Kelly was born. American actor.
- 1988 - Franz Josef Strauß dies (b. 1915). Bavarian politician.
- 1990 - Re-unification of Germany. West Germany and East Germany ended 45 years of postwar division, declaring the creation of a new unified countr
- 1990 - Stefano Casiraghi dies (b. 1960). Husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco.
- 1991 - South African author Nadine Gordimer was named winner of the Nobel Prize in literature.
- 1993 - Battle of Mogadishu: In an attempt to capture officials of warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid's organization in Mogadishu, Somalia, 18 US Army Rangers and about 2000 Somalis are killed.
- 1994 - Fernando Henrique Cardoso is elected President of Brazil.
- 1994 - Dub Taylor dies (b. 1907). American actor.
- 1995 - O. J. Simpson found not guilty of the murders of his ex-wife Nicole and her friend Ronald Goldman.
- 1995 - Em Portugal, são detidos mais seis skinheads suspeitos do ataque ocorrido no Bairro Alto a 10 de Junho.
- 1996 - Wislawa Szymborska (b. 2 Jul 1923). Polish poet, won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Her work included the transl. collection: “View With a Grain of Sand,” her debut collection “That’s Why We Are Alive” (1952), Salt (1962), “The People on the Bridge” (1986), and “The End and the Beginning” (1993).
- 1996 - Adair Tishler was born. American child actress.
- 1998 - Roddy McDowall dies (b. 1928). English actor.
- 1999 - Akio Morita dies (b. 1921). Japanese businessman.
- 2000 - Benjamin Orr dies (b. 1947). American bassist and singer (The Cars).
- 2000 – John Grant dies (b. 1932). British politician.
- 2000 - Wojciech Has dies (b. 1925). Polish film director.
- 2002 - Bruce Paltrow dies (b. 1943). American television and film producer.
- 2002 - Robert Krausz dies (b. 1936). Stock market advisor and investor.
- 2003 - Roy Horn of Siegfried & Roy is attacked by one of the show's tigers, canceling the show for good.
- 2003 - Florence Stanley dies (b. 1924). American actress.
- 2003 - William Steig dies (b. 1907). American cartoonist and children's author.
- 2004 - The Montreal Expos play their last major league baseball game before the franchise is moved to Washington, D.C.
- 2004 - Two of Spain's most wanted alleged terrorists and at least 16 other suspected members of the armed Basque separatist group ETA were captured in a vast French-Spanish police operation.
- 2004 - Desperate Housewives premieres on ABC.
- 2004 - Wimbledon champion Maria Sharapova claimed the Seoul WTA tournament with an easy win over Marta Domachowska of Poland in the final (6-1; 6-1)./ A tenista russa Maria Sharapova vence a polaca Marta Domachowska e conquista o Torneio de Seul.
- 2004 - Janet Leigh dies (b. 1927). American actress (Psycho).
- 2004 - John Cerutti dies (b. 1960). American baseball player and announcer.
- 2005 - Annular solar_eclipse.
- 2005 - Emilinha Borba dies (b. 1923). Brazilian singer.
- 2005 - Ronnie Barker dies (b. 1929). English comic actor.
- 2006 - Alberto Ramento dies (b. 1937). Filipina bishop.
- 2006 - John Crank dies (b. 1913). British mathematician.
- 2006 - Peter Norman dies (b. 1942). Australian track star.
- 2007 - M.N. Vijayan dies (b. 1930). Indian writer, orator, and academic.
- 2008 - The $700 billion bailout bill for the US financial system is signed by President Bush.
- 2008 - Johnny J dies (b. 1969). American record producer and songwriter.
- 2008 - Karam ud Din dies (b. 1941). Pakistani Navy officer.
- 2009 - Queen Fatima dies (b. 1918). Former Libyan queen.
- South Korea - National Foundation Day (Gaecheonjeol).
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