On this day in History - Mar. 14

• 0752 - Pope Zacharias dies.
• 1457 - Jingtai Emperor of China dies (b. 1428).
• 1471 - Sir Thomas Malory dies. English author.
• 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
  
• 1492 - Queen Isabella of Castille orders her 150,000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
• 1559 - Jacques d'Auchy, Walloon Baptist merchant, was executed.
• 1590 - Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion.
• 1630 - Fallece en Tiberíades, Isaiah ben Abraham Ha-Levi Horowitz (Shelaj Hakadosh), n.c.1565 en Praga. Rabbi, cabalista, escribió "Shnei Lujot Habrith".
• 1638 - Johann Georg Gichtel was born (d. 1710). German mystic.
• 1647 - Thirty Years War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
• 1647 - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange dies (b. 1584).
• 1648 - Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron dies (b. 1584). English general.
• 1680 - René Le Bossu dies (b. 1631). French critic.
• 1681 - Georg Philipp Telemann was born in Magdeburg, Brandenburg (d. 1767). German composer.
• 1682 - Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael dies. Dutch painter.
• 1696 - Jean Domat dies (b. 1625). French jurist.
• 1698 - Claes Rålamb dies (b. 1622). Swedish statesman.
• 1709 - Gabriel Bonnot de Mably was born (d. 1785). French philosopher and politician.
  
• 1721 - José Luís de Mascarenhas was born (d. 1799). Portuguese noble.
• 1743 - Em Lisboa, foi preso o maçónico Jean Coustor.
• 1748 - George Wade dies (b. 1673). British military leader.
• 1757 - On-board the HMS Monarch, Admiral John Byng (b. 1704) is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty.
• 1791 - Johann Salomo Semler dies (b. 1725). German historian and Bible commentator.
• 1794 - Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
• 1800 - Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti is elected Pope Pius VII .
• 1803 - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock dies (b. 1724). German writer.
• 1804 - Johann Strauß, Sr. was born (d. 1849). Austrian composer.
• 1805 - Stanislaw Szczesny Potocky dies (b. 1753). Russian general.
• 1811 - Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton dies (b. 1735). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 1813 - Joseph Philo Bradley was born (d. 1892). Associate justice of the United States Supreme Court.
• 1820 - Vítor Emanuel II, rei de Itália.
• 1823 - Théodore de Banville was born (d. 1891). French writer.
• 1823 - Charles François Dumouriez dies (b. 1739). French general.
• 1826 - The first Pan-American conference convened in Panama with representatives from Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Central America in attendance.
• 1829 - Alexandre Braga was born (d. 1895). Portuguese poet and journalist.
• 1835 - Giovanni Schiaparelli was born (d. 1910). Italian astronomer.
• 1843 - O general Dumouriez morre. Esteve em Lisboa em 1766 tendo deixado uma descrição do país que não visitou, que fez muito sucesso na Europa e mais tarde em Portugal .
• 1844 - King Umberto I of Italy was born (d. 1900).
• 1847 - Castro Alves was born. Brazilian poet (Espumas Flutuantes) .
• 1853 - Ferdinand Hodler was born (d. 1918). Swiss painter.
• 1854 - Alexandru Macedonski was born (d. 1920). Romanian writer.
• 1854 - Paul Ehrlich was born (d. 1915). German scientist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908.
• 1862 - Vilhelm Bjerknes was born (d. 1961). Russian physicist.
• 1864 - Casey Jones was born in southeastern Missouri. American railroad engineer
• 1869 - Algernon Blackwood was born (d. 1951). British writer.
• 1869 - Defeat of Titokowaru.
• 1875 - Czech composer Smetana's "Vysehrad," premiered.
• 1877 - Juan Manuel de Rosas dies (b. 30 Mar 1793). Argentine politician.
• 1879 - Albert Einstein was born (d. 18 Apr 1955). German-born American physicist, one of the most creative intellects in human history, developed groundbreaking theories of relativity, and won 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• 1880 - Francisco Antonio Vidal asume la presidencia de la República de Uruguay, tras la renuncia de Lorenzo Latorre.
• 1880 - Princess Thyra was born (d. 1945). Daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark.
• 1882 - Waclaw Sierpinski was born (d. 1969). Polish mathematician.
• 1883 - Karl Marx dies in London (b. 1818). Political theorist and philosopher.
• 1884 - Quintino Sella dies (b. 1827). Italian statesman.
• 1885 - Raoul Lufbery was born (d. 1918). World War I American flying ace.
• 1886 - Firmin Lambot was born (d. 1964). Belgian cyclist.
• 1887 - Sylvia Beach was born (d. 1962). American expatriate publisher.
• 1888 - Marc-Aurèle Fortin was born (d. 1970). Quebec painter.
• 1889 - Arturo Capdevila was born. Argentine poet and historian.
• 1898 - Arnold Chikobava was born (d. 1985). Georgian linguist.
• 1899 - K.C. Irving was born (d. 1992). Canadian industrialist.
• 1900 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States currency on the gold standard.
• 1903 - The Hay-Herran Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Columbian Senate would later reject the treaty.
• 1903 - Theodore Roosevelt issues an executive order making Pelican Island, in Florida, a “preserve and breeding ground for native birds,” marking the birth of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
• 1903 - Mustafa Barzani was born (d. 1979). Kurdish politician, leader of Kurdistan Democratic Party
• 1903 - Mustafa Barzani was born (d. 1979). Kurdish politician.
• 1903 - Adolph Gottlieb was born (d. 1974). American painter.
• 1904 - Doris Eaton Travis was born. American actress Ziegfeld girl
• 1905 - Raymond Aron was born (d. 1983). French philosopher and sociologist.
• 1905 - Chelsea Football Club was founded at The Rising Sun pub (now The Butcher's Hook) opposite today's main entrance to the ground on the Fulham Road;
• 1910 - Lakeview Gusher, the largest U.S. oil well gusher near Bakersfield, California, vented to atmosphere.
• 1911 - Portugal: Lei eleitoral da República. Alargou substancialmente o sufrágio, mas ficou muito aquém do sufrágio universal defendido e prometido pelo Partido Republicano.
• 1912 - Les Brown was born (d. 2001). American band leader.
• 1914 - Bill Owen was born (d. 1999). British actor.
• 1914 - Lee Petty was born (d. 2000). American race car driver.
• 1914 - Lee Elhardt Hays was born (d. 1981). American folksinger.
• 1914 - The Comforter, Frederick Samuel Modise is born, in a Sotho township in South Africa
• 1915 - World War I: Cornered off the coast of Chile by the Royal Navy after fleeing the disastrous Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German light cruiser SMS Dresden is abandoned and scuttled by her crew.
• 1915 - Alexander Brott was born (d. 2005). Canadian conductor and composer.
• 1916 - Horton Foote was born. American writer.
• 1917 - China broke off diplomatic relations with Germany.
• 1918 - Dennis Patrick was born. American actor.
• 1920 - Hank Ketcham was born (d. 2001). American cartoonist (Dennis the Menace)
• 1922 - Les Baxter was born (d. 1996). American musician and composer.
• 1923 - Pete Parker does the first-ever complete radio broadcast of a hockey game in the world, in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
• 1923 - Celeste Rodrigues was born. Portuguese fadist.
• 1923 - Diane Arbus was born (d. 1971). American photographer.
• 1925 - Francis A. Marzen was born. American Catholic prelate
• 1925 - William Clay Ford, Sr. was born. Ford Motor Co. Director Emeritus, Detroit Lions Football Franchise Owner
• 1926 - Carlos Heitor Cony was born. Brazilian writer and journalist.
• 1928 - Frank Borman was born. American astronaut and former Eastern Airlines president.
• 1928 - Félix Rodriguez de La Fuente was born in Poza de la Sal (d. 15 Mar 1980). Spanish actor, writer and director.
• 1931 - Phil Phillips was born. American singer and songwriter
• 1932 - George Eastman dies (b. 1854). American inventor.
• 1933 - Michael Caine was born. British actor.
• 1933 - Quincy Jones was born. American music producer and composer .
• 1933 - René Felber was born. Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1987 to 1993
• 1934 - Paul Rader was born. The 15th General of The Salvation Army
• 1934 - Eugene Cernan was born. Gemini and Apollo astronaut, last human to leave his footprints on the moon .
• 1934 - João do Canto e Castro dies in Lisbon (b. 1862). Portuguese politician who was the 5th President of Portuguese Republic (from 16 de Dez 1918 to 5 Oct 1919).
• 1936 - Bob Charles was born. New Zealand golfer
• 1937 - O Vaticano realizou a encíclica Divini Redemptoris.
• 1938 - Um dos mais importantes líderes e teórico da Revolução Soviética, Nikolai Bukharin, é executado a mando de Josef Stalin, após ter sido acusado de “espionar” em favor das potências ocidentais.
• 1938 - Glauber Rocha was born (d. 22 Aug 1981). Brazilian film director. Filmmaker Glauber Rocha was one of the central figures in the Brazilian Cinema Novo movement (O Dragao da Maldade Contra o Santo Guerreiro, Terra em Transe, Deus e O Diabo Na Terra Do Sol, Barravento).
• 1938 - Angus Maclise was born (d. 1979). American mystic, shaman, musician, and composer.
• 1939 - German troops fully occupy the Czechoslovak provinces of Bohemia and Moravia.
• 1939 - Raymond J. Barry was born. American actor.
• 1939 - Stavros Xarhakos was born. Greek composer.
• 1939 - Bertrand Blier was born. French film director and screenwriter
• 1941 - Wolfgang Petersen was born. German director, Das Boot.
• 1942 - Rita Tushingham was born. English actress.
• 1943 - World War II - The Kraków Ghetto is 'liquidated'.
• 1945 - Chile declared war on Germany.
• 1945 - Jasper Carrott was born. British comedian.
• 1945 - Walter Parazaider was born. American saxophonist (Chicago).
• 1946 - Steve Kanaly was born. American actor.
• 1946 - Werner von Blomberg dies (b. 1878). Field marshal.
• 1947 - Pam Ayres was born. British poet.
• 1947 - Billy Crystal was born in Long Beach, Long Island, New York. American actor, comedian.
• 1949 - John Callan O'Laughlin dies (b. 1873). American political and military figure and journalist.
• 1950 - Rick Dees was born. American disc jockey.
• 1951 - Korean War: For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
• 1951 - Jerry Greenfield was born. Founder of Ben & Jerry's ice cream.
• 1956 - Jonathan Bowen was born. British computer scientist.
• 1957 - Andrew Robinson was born. British editor and author.
• 1958 - Albert II, Prince of Monaco was born.
• 1959 - J.R.D.A.C.I. founded at a congress in Treichville, Côte d'Ivoire.
• 1959 - Tamara Tunie was born. American actress.
• 1960 - Kirby Puckett was born (d. 2006). American baseball player.
• 1961 - Penny Johnson Jerald was born. American actress.
• 1962 - Francisco José Viegas was born. Portuguese writer and journalist.
• 1963 - Bruce Reid was born. Australian cricketer.
• 1964 - A jury in Dallas, Texas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
• 1965 - Aamir Khan was born. Indian actor.
• 1965 - Catherine Dent was born. American actress.
• 1965 - Kevin Brown was born. American baseball player.
• 1965 - Kevin Williamson was born. American screenwriter.
• 1965 - Kiana Tom was born. Fitness guru/model.
• 1967 - The body of President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
• 1968 - Megan Follows was born. Canadian actress.
• 1969 - The Beatles' Yellow Submarine became the rock band's 14th gold album.
• 1969 - Larry Johnson was born. Former NBA player.
• 1973 - Rafael Godoy dies (b. 1907). Colombian composer.
• 1973 - Chic Young dies (b. 1901). American cartoonist (Blondie).
• 1973 - Howard H. Aiken dies (b. 8 Mar 1900). American engineer, pioneer in computing.
• 1975 - Johan Paulik (aka Daniel Ferenčík) was born. Slovak pornographic actor.
• 1975 - Susan Hayward dies (b. 1917). American actress.
• 1976 - Merlin Santana was born (d. 2002). American actor.
• 1976 - Busby Berkeley dies (b. 1895). Choreographer, director.
• 1977 - Mervyn Colley was born. British kabbalist and ceremonial magician.
• 1977 - Aki Hoshino was born. Japanese model.
• 1977 - Fannie Lou Hamer dies (b. 1917). American civil rights activist.
• 1978 - The Israeli Defense Force, in retaliation for a terrorist attack three days earlier, invades and occupies southern Lebanon, under codename Operation Litani, resulting in the evacuation of at least 100,000 Lebanese, approximately 2,000 deaths, as well as the creation of United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon (UNIFIL).
• 1978 - Pieter van den Hoogenband was born. Dutch swimmer.
• 1978 - Matt Kata was born. Professional baseball player.
• 1979 - In China, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 200.
• 1979 - Anthony Carelli, Italian-American professional wrestler.
• 1979 - Chris Klein was born. American actor.
• 1979 - Love was born. Angolan footballer.
• 1979 - Nicolas Anelka was born. French footballer.
• 1979 - Sead Ramović was born. German-born Bosnian footballer.
• 1980 - In Poland, a plane crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.
• 1980 - Aaron Brown was born. English footballer.
• 1980 - Ben Herring was born. New Zealand rugby player.
• 1980 - Matteo Grassotto was born. Italian racing driver.
• 1980 - Mohammad Hatta dies (b. 1902). Indonesian politician.
• 1981 - Mei-Ting Sun was born. Chinese-born pianist.
• 1981 - Bobby Jenks was born. American baseball player.
• 1982 - João José de Melo Cochofel Aires de Campos dies (b. in Coimbra, 17 Jul 1919). Portuguese poet and essayst.
• 1983 - Bakhtiyar Artayev was born. Kazakh boxer.
• 1983 - Taylor Hanson was born. American musician in the group Hanson, record producer.
• 1983 - Maurice Ronet dies (b. 1927). French film actor.
• 1984 - Gerry Adams, head of Sinn Féin, is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt in central Belfast.
• 1985 - Bill Cosby captured four People’s Choice Awards for "The Cosby Show".
• 1985 – Brianna Love was born. American porn star.
• 1985 - Eva Angelina was born. American porn star.
• 1985 – Idaira was born. Spanish singer.
• 1986 – Andy Taylor was born. English footballer.
• 1986 - Elton Chigumbura was born. Zimbabwean cricketer.
• 1986 - Jamie Bell was born. British actor.
• 1986 - Elio de Angelis dies (b. 1958). Italian race car driver.
• 1986 – Elton Chigumbura, Zimbabwean cricketer.
• 1988 – Stephen Curry was born. American basketball player.
• 1989 - Gun control: President George H. W. Bush bans the importation of assault rifles into the United States.
• 1989 – Colby O'Donis was born. American musician.
• 1989 - Edward Abbey dies (b. 1927). American author.
• 1990 - Mikhail S. Gorbachev becomes president of the Soviet Congress.
• 1991 - After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a pub in an Irish Republican Army attack, the "Birmingham Six" are freed when a court determines that the police fabricated evidence.
• 1991 - The emir of Kuwait (Sheik Jaber al-Ahmed al-Sabah) returned home after seven months in exile.
• 1991 - Doc Pomus dies (b. 1925). American composer.
• 1991 - Howard Ashman dies (b. 1950). Anerican lyricist.
• 1991 - Margery Sharp dies (b. 1905). Children's author.
• 1992 - Steven Brian Pennell (34), serial killer, was executed. This was the 1st execution in Delaware in 45 years.
• 1992 – Jasmine Murray was born. American singer.
• 1992 - Jean Poiret dies at 65. French actor, director and screenwriter (La Cage aux Folles).
• 1993 - Andorra aproves his new Constituition.
• 1993 – Julienne Irwin was born. American singer.
• 1994 - Timeline of Linux development: Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released.
• 1994 - Frankie Ryan Manriquez was born. American actor.
• 1995 - Manned space mission: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on-board a Russian launch vehicle.
• 1995 - William Alfred Fowler dies (b. 1911). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1996 - American President Bill Clinton commits $100 million to an anti-terrorism agreement with Israel to track down and root out terrorists.
• 1997 - The Chinese city of Chongqing (formerly Chunking) is upgraded to a centrally administered municipality.
• 1997 - Fred Zinnemann dies in London of heart attack (b. 1907). Austrian-born director.
• 1998 - An earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale hits southeastern Iran.
• 1999 - In Venezuela Irene Saez, a former Miss Universe, won the governorship of Margarita Island.
• 1999 - Gregg Diamond dies. American pianist, percussionist and composer.
• 1999 - Kirk Alyn dies (b. 1910). American actor.
• 2002 - In Pakistan Pres. Musharraf said the war in Afghanistan is over. The 12 day Operation Anaconda left as many as 800 enemy fighters dead.
• 2002 - In Jakarta the human-rights trial to probe the 1999 violence in East Timor began with 3 generals among the 18 suspects accused of crimes against humanity.
• 2002 -Yugoslavia was declared dead as Serbia and Montenegro agreed to rename their federation: “Serbia and Montenegro”.
• 2002 - John C. Polkinghorne, a British mathematical physicist and Anglican priest, was named winner of the 2002 $1 million Templeton Prize.
• 2002 - Cherry Wilder dies (b. 1930). New Zealand-born author.
• 2003 - Actor Robert Blake was released from jail on $1.5 million bail, 11 months after he was arrested on charges of murdering his wife, Bonny Lee Bakley.
• 2003 - Jack Goldstein dies (b. 1945). Canadian-born artist.
• 2003 - Jean-Luc Lagardère dies (b. 1928). French publisher.
• 2004 - Pope John Paul II becomes the second-longest serving pope in history.
• 2004 - Vladimir Putin is re-elected president of Russia, while the PSOE wins elections in Spain just days after terrorist attacks in Madrid.
• 2004 - Chris Benoit won the World Heavyweight Championship at WrestleMania XX.
• 2004 - Vladimir Putin the intelligence officer and politician who became president of Russia in 1999 upon the resignation of Boris Yeltsin, was overwhelmingly reelected to a second term as president this day in 2004.
• 2004 - the PSOE wins elections in Spain just days after terrorist attacks in Madrid. Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero of the Socialist Party ends eight years of conservative government after promising to pull Spanish troops out of Iraq and address unaffordable housing and job insecurity at home.
• 2005 - The online statistics service SOTKAnet is opened for the public in Finland.
• 2005 - The Hague tribunal indicted former Macedonian Interior Minister Ljube Boskovski for war crimes.
• 2005 - The U.N. tribunal for Rwanda sentenced Vincent Rutaganira, a former local leader, to six years in prison after he pleaded guilty to a charge of extermination by omission under a plea bargain with prosecutors.
• 2005 - Cedar Revolution, where one million Lebanese went into the streets of Beirut to demonstrate against the Syrian military presence in Lebanon, and against the government, following the assassination of Prime Minister Rafik Hariri.
• 2006 - Lennart Meri dies (b. 1929). Former president of Estonia.
• 2007 - Lucie Aubrac dies (b. 1912). French history teacher and member of the French Resistance.
• 2007 - Gareth Hunt dies (b. 1943). English actor.
• 2008 - Chiara Lubich dies (b. 1920). Italian Catholic activist and leader and foundress of the Focolare.
• 2009 – Alain Bashung dies (b. 1947). French singer, songwriter, comedian and actor.
  
• 2009 – Altovise Davis dies (b. 1943). American entertainer, best known as Sammy Davis, Jr.'s third wife.
  
• Albania - Summer Day.
  
• Japan and Korea - White Day: Japanese holiday similar to Valentine's Day (men give gifts to women).
• Roman Empire - Equirria, horse races in honor of Mars were held.
• Worldwide - Pi Day, a celebration of the constant.
• Estonia – Estonian language day, based on birth of Kristjan Jaak Peterson.
  
• Saint Mathilda.
• Brasil : Dia do Vendedor de Livros, Dia Nacional da Poesia e Dia dos Animais.