Nothingandall: On this day in History

399 BC - The philosopher Socrates is sentenced to death.
0380 - Peter II dies. Patriarch of Alexandria.
0438 - Publicación del Código Teodosiano.
0590 - Khosrau II crowned as king of Persia.
1145 - Pope Lucius II [Gherardo Caccianemici] dies. Italian Pope (from 12.03.1144 until his death).
1145 - Bernardo elected Pope Eugene III.
1458 - Ivan the Young was born (d. 1490). Ruler of Tver.
1471 - Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici was born (d. 1503). Ruler of Florence.
1543 - Charles II, Duke of Lorraine was born (d. 1608).
1564 - Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa (d. 8 Jan 1642). Italian natural philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who applied the new techniques of the scientific method to make significant discoveries in physics and astronomy.
1571 - Michael Praetorius was born (d. 1621). German composer.
1620 - François Charpentier was born (d. 1702). French archaeologist.
1621 - Michael Praetorius dies (b. 1571). German composer.
1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor succeeding Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor died on this day.
1663 - António Barbosa Bacelar dies in Lisbon (b. 1610). Portuguese historian and poet.

1705 - Charles-André van Loo was born (d. 1765). French painter.

1710 - King Louis XV of France was born (d. 1774).

1725 - Abraham Clark was born (d. 1794). American signer of the Declaration of Independence.

1734 - William Stacy was born (d. 1802). Continental Army officer, and pioneer to the Ohio Country.

1738 - Matthias Braun dies (b. 1684). Czech sculptor.

1739 - Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart was born (d. 1813). French architect.

1748 - Jeremy Bentham was born in London. Philosopher.

1758 - Mustard was first advertised for sale in America, by Benjamin Jackson.

1759 - Friedrich August Wolf was born (d. 1824). German philologist and archaeologist.

1763 - Assinado o Tratado de Hubertusburgo, entre a Prússia e a Áustria que põe fim à Guerra dos Sete Anos.

1764 - The American city of St. Louis is established.

1775 - Angelo Braschi chosen as Pope Pius VI.

1775 - Peter Dens dies (b. 1690). Belgian Catholic theologian.

1781 - Gotthold Ephraim Lessing dies (b. 1729). German author and philosopher (The Education of the Human Race).

1783 - Reconhecimento oficial por Portugal da independência dos Estados Unidos da América. Portugal recognizes American independence.

1803 - John Sutter was born (d. 1880). California pioneer.

1805 - Harmony Society officially formed.

1809 - Cyrus McCormick was born (d. 1884). American inventor.

1809 - André Dumont was born (d. 1857). Belgian geologist.

1811 - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento was born (d. 1888). Argentine writer, politician and President of Argentine.

1812 - Charles Louis Tiffany was born (d. 1902). American jeweler.

1815 - Constantin von Tischendorf was born (d. 1874). German biblical scholar.

1818 - Friedrich Ludwig, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen dies (b. 1746). Prussian general.

1820 - Susan B. Anthony was born (d. 1906). American feminist and suffragist.

1820 - In the U.S. Senate, Sen. Rufus King condemns slavery as contrary to natural law.

1825 - Carter Harrison, Sr. was born (d. 1893). Mayor of Chicago, IL.

1835 - Demetrius Vikelas was born (d. 1908). Greek International Olimpic Comitee president.

1835 - Alexander Stewart Webb was born in New York City (d. 1911). Major General (Union Army).

1835 - Henry Hunt dies (b. 1773). British politician.

1839 - Chevalier de Lorimier dies (b. 1803). Quebec notary and Patriote.

1841 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles was born (d. 1913). President of Brazil.

1844 - Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth dies (b. 1757). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1845 - Robert Wood Johnson was born (d. 7 Feb 1910). American manufacturer who, with his two brothers, founded the Johnson & Johnson Corporation, to make surgical dressings (1885), and was its first President.

1845 - Elihu Root was born (d. 07 Feb 1937). American statesman and diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.

1847 - Robert Fuchs was born (d. 1927). Austrian composer.

1847 - Germinal Pierre Dandelin dies (b. 1794). Belgian mathematician.

1848 - Hermann von Boyen dies (b. 1771). Prussian field marshal.

1849 - Pierre François Verhulst dies (b. 1804). Belgian mathematician.

1852 - Great Ormond St Hospital for Sick Children, London, admits first patient.

1856 - Emil Kraepelin was born (d. 1926). German psychiatrist.

1857 - Mikhail Glinka dies (b. 1804). Russian composer.

1861 - Alfred North Whitehead was born (d. 30 Dec 1947). English mathematician and philosopher, who worked in logic, physics, philosophy of science and metaphysics. He is best known for his work with Bertrand Russell on one of probably the most famous books of the century, Principia Mathematica (1910-13).

1861 - Charles Edouard Guillaume was born (d. 13 Jun 1938). French physicist who studied ferronickel alloys and discovered invar (a nickel-steel alloy) which gained him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1920.

1862 - American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant attacks Fort Donelson, Tennessee.

1869 - Mirza Ghalib dies (b. 1796). Indian poet.

1873 - Hans von Euler-Chelpin was born (d. 7 Nov 1964). German-born Swedish biochemist, shared the 1929 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Sir Arthur Harden for work on the role of enzymes in the alcoholic fermentation of sugar.

1874 - Sir Ernest Shackleton was born (d. 1922). British polar explorer.

1877 - Louis Renault was born (d. 1944). French automobile pioneer.

1879 - Women's rights: American President Rutherford B. Hayes signs a bill allowing female attorneys to argue cases before the Supreme Court of the United States.

1881 - Guy de Maupassant story "En Famille" (A Family Matter) is published.

1882 - John Barrymore was born (d. 1942). American actor.

1883 - Sax Rohmer was born (d. 1959). English author.

1884 - Albert Carlton Gilbert was born (d. 1961). He was the inventor of the Erector set. Gilbert founded the A. C. Gilbert Co. New Haven, Connecticut in 1908 as a manufacturer of boxed magic sets.

1886 - Sax Rohmer was born. British author. His novels establish the stereotypically sinister Asian (the Dr. Fu Manchu series).

1890 - Robert Ley was born (d. 1945). Head of the Nazi German Labour Front.

1891 - AIK was founded at Biblioteksgatan 8 in Stockholm by Isidor Behrens.

1892 - James Forrestal was born (d. 1949). First United States Secretary of Defense

1893 - Walter Donaldson was born (d. 1947). American songwriter.

1894 - Osvaldo Aranha was born (d. 1960). Brazilian diplomat.

1895 - Earl Thomson was born (d. 1971). Canadian athlete.

1896 - Arthur Shields was born (d. 1970). Irish actor.

1898 - Totò was born (d. 1967). Italian actor, writer, and composer.

1898 - Allen Woodring was born. American sprinter.

1898 - Spanish-American War: The USS Maine explodes and sinks in Havana Harbor, Cuba for then unknown reasons killing more than 260. This event led the United States to declare war on Spain.

1899 - Georges Auric was born (d. 1983). French composer.

1899 - Gale Sondergaard was born (d. 1985). American actress.

1899 - Anthony Gilbert was born (d. 1973). British mistery writer.

1901 - Fundación del Alianza Lima, Equipo peruano de fútbol bajo el nombre de Sport Alianza.

1901 - Kokomo Arnold was born in Idanha-a-Nova (d. 1968). American singer and guitarist.

1901 - João Branco Núncio was born (d. 26 Jan 1976). Portuguese bullfighter / Nascimento do Cavaleiro Tauromáquico português João Branco Núncio. Morreu em 26 de Janeiro de 1976.

1901 - Raul de Carvalho was born in Idanha-a-Nova (d. 11 Ago. 1984). Portuguese actor.

1902 - Puesta en servicio en Berlín del metro subterráneo y aéreo.

1903 - Morris Michtom and his wife Rose introduce the first teddy bear in America.

1904 - Antonin Magne was born (d. 1983). French cyclist.

1905 - Harold Arlen was born (d. 1986). American composer.

1905 - Waldemar Henrique was born in Belém do Pará (d. 1995). Brazilian writer.

1906 - The British Labour Party is organized.

1907 - Cesar Romero was born (d. 1994). American actor.

1907 - Jean Langlais was born (d. 1991). French composer and organist.

1908 - Sarto Fournier was born (d. 1980). Quebec politician.

1908 - HAP Grieshaber was born (d. 1981). Painter and graphic artist.

1909 - Miep Gies was born. Dutch biographer of Anne Frank.

1909 - Guillermo Gorostiza Paredes was born (d. 1966). Spanish football player.

1910 - Irena Sendler was born. Aided Jewish children during the Holocaust.

1911 - Portugal - Criação de uma comissão para o estudo do problema da ortografia. Pretendia-se aproximar a ortografia da fonética(Portugal).

1911 - Leonard Woodcock was born (d. 2001). Labor union official, ambassador to China.

1911 - Theodor Escherich dies (b. 1859). German pediatrician.

1913 - Erich Eliskases was born (d. 1997). Austrian/Argentine chess player.

1914 - Hale Boggs was born (d. 1972). American politician.

1914 - Kevin McCarthy was born. American actor.

1915 - Abel Ferreira was born (d. 1980). Brazilian composer and musician.

1916 - Mary Jane Croft was born (d. 1999). American actress.

1918 - Allan Arbus was born. American actor.

1918 - Hank Locklin was born. American country music singer and songwriter.

1919 - Andreas Papandreou was born (d. 1996). Prime Minister of Greece.

1921 - Petronila Angélica Gómez (b. 1883 -d. 1971), funda en San Pedro de Macoris, República Dominicana, la revista Fémina.

1921 - Radha Krishna Choudhary was born (d. 1985). Indian historian, thinker and writer.

1922 - John Bayard Anderson was born. US Congressman and presidential candidate.

1922 - Herman Kahn was born (d. 7 Jul 1983). American physicist, military analyst (1948-61) and futurist best known for his controversial studies of nuclear warfare.

1923 - Roser Bru was born in Barcelona. Chilean painter and engraver.

1923 - Yelena Bonner was born. Russian human rights activist, widow of physicist Andrei Sakharov.

1925 - Elmo Elton Santos Zamprogno was born in Vitória (ES). Brazilian poet.

1926 - Dieter Lattmann was born. German writer and politician.

1927 - Harvey Korman was born. American actor and comedian.

1928 - Portugal - O ensino misto (ou "coeducação") é denunciado, sendo determinada a "separação dos sexos" em todas as localidades em que houvesse mais do que um estabelecimento de ensino.

1928 - H. H. Asquith dies (b. 1852). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1929 - Graham Hill was born (d. 1975). British Formula One racer.

1929 - James Schlesinger was born. American politician.

1930 - Nico Minardos was born. American actor.

1931 - Claire Bloom was born. British actress.

1931 - Geoff Edwards was born. American television game show host.

1932 - Minnie Maddern Fiske dies (b. 1865). Broadway actress.

1933 - In Miami, Florida, Giuseppe Zangara attempts to assassinate President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt, but instead shoots Chicago, Illinois Mayor Anton J. Cermak, who dies of his wounds on March 6, 1933.

1934 - Graham Kennedy was born (d. 2005). Australian actor.

1934 - Niklaus Wirth was born. Swiss computer scientist.

1935 - Gene Hickerson was born. American football player.

1935 - Susan Brownmiller was born. American feminist and writer.

1935 - Roger Chaffee was born (d. 1967). American astronaut.

1935 - Ronald de Carvalho dies (b. 1893). Brazilian poet.

1937 - Gregory Mcdonald was born. American author.

1939 - Ole Ellefsæter was born. Norwegian cross-country skier.

1939 - Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin dies (b. 1878). Russian painter.

1940 - John Hadl was born. American football player.

1940 - Hamzah Haz was born. Indonesian politician.

1941 - Brian Holland was born. American songwriter and producer.

1941 - Florinda Bolkan was born in Ceará. Brazilian actress (Damned, Last Valley, Word) .

1942 - Kim Jong-il was born. Leader of North Korea.

1942 - World War II: Singapore surrendered to Japanese forces. About 80,000 Indian, Australian and British troops became prisoners of war. The fall of Singapore was the largest surrender of British military personnel in history.

1943 - Elke Heidenreich was born. Journalist and writer.

1943 - Geoff Edwards was born. American television game show host.

1944 - World War II: Assault on Monte Cassino, Italy begins.

1944 - Mick Avory was born. British drummer (The Kinks).

1945 - Douglas Hofstadter was born. American academic and writer.

1945 - John Helliwell was born. British musician (Supertramp).

1946 - ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), the first general-purpose electronic computer, unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.

1946 - France: The film Zéro de conduite (1933), by the anarchist Jean Vigo is finally released, after being banned since 1933.

1946 - Esko Seppanen was born. Finnish politician.

1947 - Rusty Hamer was born (d. 1990). American actor.

1947 - John Coolidge Adams was born. American composer.

1947 - David Brown was born (d. 2000). American musician (Santana).

1947 - Marisa Berenson was born. American actress.

1948 - Ron Cey was born. Baseball player.

1948 - Art Spiegelman was born. American cartoonist.

1949 - Hans Graf was born. Austrian conductor.

1949 - Ken Anderson was born. American football quarterback.

1950 - The Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China sign a mutual defense treaty.

1950 - Hark Tsui was born. Hong Kong film director.

1950 - Sylvia Bandeira was born. Brazilian actress.

1951 - Melissa Manchester was born. American singer.

1951 - Jane Seymour [Joyce Frankenberg] was born in Middlesex England. British actress.

1952 - King George VI is buried at St George's Chapel on his Windsor Castle estate.

1953 - 17-year-old Tenley Albright becomes the first American to win the world figure skating championship.

1953 - Tony Adams was born (d. 2005). Irish film producer.

1954 - Matt Groening was born. American cartoonist.

1955 - Christopher McDonald was born. American actor.

1955 - Janice Dickinson was born. American Ex-Supermodel.

1955 - Francisco Franco dies in Lisbon (b. 9 Oct 1885. Portuguese sculptor (Monumento do Cristo Rei -Almada) .

1956 - Hitoshi Ogawa was born (d. 1992). Japanese racing driver.

1957 - Jimmy Spencer was born. American race car driver.

1957 - Jake E. Lee was born. Guitarist.

1958 - Chrystine Brouillet was born. Quebec novelist.

1958 - Rabah Madjer was born. Argelian football player.

1959 - Ali Campbell was born. British musician (UB40).

1959 - Brian Propp was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1959 - Hugo Savinovich was born. Ecuadorian wrestler.

1959 - Owen Willans Richardson dies (b. 26 Apr 1879). English physicist and recipient of the 1928 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on electron emission by hot metals, the basic principle used in vacuum tubes.

1960 - Mikey Craig was born. British musician (Culture Club).

1961 - A Boeing 707 from Sabena (Flight 548) crashes in Belgium killing 73, including the entire United States Figure Skating team and several coaches.

1964 - Chris Farley was born (d. 1997). Americasn actor and comedian.

1964 - Robert L. Thornton dies (b. 1880). American businessman, philanthropist and Mayor of Dallas.

1965 - Canada Flag: A new red-and-white maple leaf design is adopted as the flag of Canada, replacing the old Canadian Red Ensign banner.

1965 - Nat King Cole dies of complications following surgery for lung cancer in Santa Monica (b. 1919). American singer and musician.

1966 - Camilo Torres dies. Colombian priest/guerrilla fighter.

1966 - Gerard Ciołek dies (b. 1909). Polish architect and historian of gardens.

1967 - J. Frank Duryea dies. automobile pioneer.

1967 - Michael Easton Corner was born in Long Beach, California, actor (Ally McBeal, Total Recall 2070, VR.5, Tanner-Days of Our Lives).

1967 - Jane Child was born. Canadian musician.

1968 - Axelle Red was born. Belgian singer and songwriter.

1969 - Bryan Williams was born. Founder of Cash Money Records.

1969 - Evgeny Lukov was born. Israeli dancer.

1969 - Josh Marshall was born. American journalist.

1970 - A Dominican DC-9 crashes into the sea during takeoff from Santo Domingo killing

1970 - Craig Gass was born. American impressionist / comedian.

1971 - Decimalization of British coinage completed on Decimal Day.

1971 - Ray Sefo was born. New Zealand kick boxer.

1971 - Renée O'Connor was born. American actress and director.

1972 - Phonorecords granted U.S. Federal copyright protection for the first time.

1972 - Jaromír Jágr was born. Czech hockey player.

1973 - Sarah Wynter was born. Australian actress.

1973 - Katerina Neumannova was born. Czech cross country skier.

1973 - Alex Borstein was born. American actress and animator.

1973 - Amy Van Dyken was born. American swimmer.

1973 - Kateřina Neumannová was born. Czech cross country skier.

1973 - Sarah Wynter was born. Australian actress.

1973 - Wally Cox dies (b. 1924). American actor.

1973 - Tim Holt dies (b. 1919). American actor.

1974 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn arrives in Switzerland after being expelled from the USSR .

1974 - 12th Winter Olympics games close at Innsbruck, Austria.

1974 - Alexander Wurz was born. Austrian race car driver.

1974 - Gina Lynn was born. American porn actress.

1974 - Miranda July was born. American performance artist.

1974 - Seattle Slew was born (d. 2002). American racehorse.

1974 - Tomi Putaansuu was born. Finnish singer (Lordi).

1974 - Ugueth Urbina was born. Venezuelan Major League Baseball player

1975 - Brendon Small was born. American comedian and creator of the cartoons Home Movies and Metalocalypse.

1975 - Serge Aubin was born. National Hockey League player.

1976 - The 1976 Constitution of Cuba is adopted by the national referendum.

1976 - Brandon Boyd was born. American musician (Incubus).

1976 - Óscar Freire was born. Spanish cyclist.

1976 - Ronnie Vannucci Jr. was born. American musician (The Killers).

1977 - Sid Vicious replaces Glen Matlock as bass guitarist of the Sex Pistols.

1977 - Brooks Wackerman was born. American drummer.

1978 - O boxeur Leon Spinks derrota Muhammad Ali na disputa pelo título dos pesos-pesados, que Ali havia mantido por sete anos.

1978 - Kimberly Goss was born. American singer and musician (Sinergy).

1978 - Tuan Le was born. American poker player.

1979 - 21st Grammy Awards: Just the Way You Are, Taste of Honey wins.

1979 - Alenka Kejzar was born. Slovenian swimmer.

1979 - Gordon Shedden was born. Scottish race car driver.

1979 - Josh Low was born. English footballer.

1980 - Television One and Television Two (formerly South Pacific Television) under the newly formed Television New Zealand goes to air for the first time .

1980 - Conor Oberst was born. Singer/songwriter (Bright Eyes).

1981 - Diego Martínez was born. Mexican footballer.

1981 - Jenna Morasca was born. American model.

1981 - Matt Hoopes was born. American musician (Relient K).

1981 - Olivia Longott was born. American singer.

1981 - Mike Bloomfield dies (b. 1944). American musician.

1981 - Karl Richter dies (b. 1926). German conductor.

1982 - The drilling rig Ocean Ranger sinks during a storm off the coast of Newfoundland, killing 84 rig workers.

1983 - Ashley Tesoro was born. American actress and singer.

1983 - Russell Martin was born. American baseball player.

1984 - Dorota Rabczewska was born. Polish singer (Virgin).

1984 - Meera Jasmine was born. Indian actress.

1984 - Ethel Merman dies (b. 1908). American singer and actress.

1985 - World chess championship match abandoned-Karpov 25, Kasparov 23.

1986 - Ferdinand Marcos wins rigged Philippines presidential election.

1986 - Gabriel Paletta was born.Argentine footballer.

1987 - Jarrod Sammut was born. Australian-Maltese rugby league player, Penrith Panthers.

1988 - Hironori Kusano was born. Japanese Idol.

1988 - Richard Feynman dies (b. 1918). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.

1989 - Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan: The Soviet Union officially announces that all of its troops had left Afghanistan.

1989 - Bonnie Dennison was born. American actress.

1990 - Grã-Bretanha e Argentina re-estabelecem relações diplomáticas, afirmando a reconciliação dos dois países após a Guerra das Malvinas, ocorrida em 1982.

1990 - Erwin Sak wasd born. Polish footballer.

1991 - The Visegrád Agreement, establishing cooperation to move toward free-market systems, is signed by the leaders of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland.

1992 - María Elena Moyano is assassinated by Sendero Luminoso (b. 1958). Peruvian social and feminist activist.

1992 - William Schuman dies (b. 1910). American composer.

1994 - Russia annexed Tartarstan by integrating it into its so-called federation, start of War of Independence and War of Liberation.

1995 - Hacking: Kevin Mitnick is arrested by the FBI and charged with breaking into some of the United States' most "secure" computer systems.

1995 - Algeria: Nabla Djanine, president of Algerian women's group Cris de Femmes, is shot. One of a wave of assassinations of prominent Algerian women by Islamic fundamentalists.

1996 - Mortar attack on the US Embassy in Athens, Greece.

1996 - At the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China, a Long March 3 rocket, carrying an Intelsat 708, crashed into a rural village after liftoff, killing many people.

1996 - Um depósito de munição explode no palácio presidencial afegão em Kabul, matando mais de 60 pessoas.

1996 - Tommy Rettig dies (b. 1941). American actor.

1996 - McLean Stevenson dies (b. 1929). American actor.

1996 - Lucio Agostini dies (b. 1913). Canadian composer and conductor.

1998 - Dale Earnhardt wins the Daytona 500 after 20 years of disappointment.

1998 - Louie Spicolli dies. American professional wrestler.

1999 - Abdullah Öcalan, leader of the terrorist organization Kurdistan Workers Party, is arrested in Kenya by Turkish agents.

1999 - Big L (Lamont Coleman) dies (b. 1974). American rapper.

1999 - Henry Way Kendall dies (b. 1926). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.

2000 - Indian Point II nuclear power plant in New York vents a small amount of radioactive steam when a steam generator failed.

2002 - At the Tri-State Crematory in La Fayette, Georgia, investigators find that bodies that were supposed to have been cremated were in fact disposed of in the woods and buildings on the crematorium's property. The discovery reveals one of the worst incidents of abuse in the funeral service industry.

2002 - Howard K. Smith dies (b. 1914). American journalist.

2002 - Kevin Smith dies (b. 1963). New Zealand actor.

2003 - Global protests against war on Iraq occur in over 600 cities worldwide. Estimates from 10,000,000-15,000,000 make this the largest day of protest in history.

2004 - John Daly the PGA golfer, won his first PGA TOUR event in 9 years by winning the Buick Invitational golf tournament on the first hole of a playoff in San Diego, California.

2004 - Jan Miner dies (b. 1917). American actress.

2004 - Jens Evensen dies (b. 1917). Norwegian minister, International Court of Justice judge.

2004 - Dale Earnhardt Jr. wins the Daytona 500 6 years to the day when his father won his only Daytona 500.

2005 - YouTube, a popular video-sharing website, is launched in the United States.

2005 - Samuel Francis dies (b. 1947). American journalist.

2005 - Pierre Bachelet dies (b. 1944). French singer and songwriter.

2007 - Ray Evans dies (b. 1915). American songwriter.

2007 - Walker Edmiston dies (b. 1926). American actor.

2008 - Amnon Netzer dies (b. 1934). Iranian-Israeli historian.

2008 - Ashley Callie dies (b. 1976). South African actress.

2009 – Joe Cuba, Puerto-Rican musician (b. 1931)

2009 – Dr. Diether H. Haenicke dies (b. 1935). President of the University of Michigan.