Nothingandall: On this day in History

0355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II raises his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him of the government of the Prefecture of the Gauls.
1231 - Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan dies (b. 1196).
1391 - Edmund de Mortimer was born (d. 1425). 5th Earl of March, English politician.
1406 - Pope Innocent VII dies.
1430 - Henrique VI is crowned.
1479 - Joanna of Castile was born (d. 1555). Queen of Philip I of Castile.
1492 - Antoine Busnois dies. French composer.
1494 - Suleiman the Magnificent was born (d. 1566). Ottoman Sultan.
1510 - John Caius was born (d. 1573). English physician.
1528 - Shipwrecked Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca becomes the first known European to set foot on Texas.
1550 - Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg dies (b. 1487).
1632 - Death of King Gustavus Adolphus the Great of Sweden in the Battle of Lützen during the Thirty Years War.
1656 - King João IV de Portugal dies (b. 1603).
1656 - Jean-Baptiste Morin dies (b. 1583). French scientist.
1661 - King Charles II of Spain was born (d. 1700).
1692 - Louis Racine was born (d. 1763). French poet.
1692 - Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux dies (b. 1619). French writer.
1752 - Ralph Erskine dies (b. 1685). Scottish minister.
1753 - Mikhail Kozlovsky was born (d. 1802). Russian sculptor.

1753 - Jean-Baptiste Breval was born (d. 1823). French composer.

1771 - John Bevis dies (b. 1695). English physician and astronomer.

1777 - Bernard de Jussieu dies (B. 17 Aug 1699). French botanist.

1789 - Pope Pius VI appoints Father John Carroll as the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States.

1790 - James Bowdoin dies (b. 1726). American Revolutionary leader and politician.

1796 - Catherine II of Russia dies (b. 1729).

1804 - Nuno José Severo de Mendonça Rolim de Moura Barreto was born (d. 1875). Portuguese politician.

1814 - Adolphe Sax was born (d. († 4 Feb 1894). Belgian inventor of saxophone.

1816 - Gouverneur Morris dies (b. 1752). American lawmaker and diplomat.

1817 - D. Pedro I (D. Pedro IV of Portugal) and Empress Leopoldina marriage.

1822 - Claude Louis Berthollet dies (b. 1748). French chemist.

1833 - Jonas Lie was born (d. 1908). Norwegian author.

1835 - Cesare Lombroso was born. Italian antropologist.

1836 - Portugal: Criação do município de Paços de Ferreira.

1836 - King Charles X of France dies (b. 1757)

1836 - Bento Gonçalves is aclaimed President of the proclaimed "República Farroupilha"

1841 - Nelson W. Aldrich was born (d. 1915). U.S. Senator from Rhode Island

1841 - Armand Fallières was born (d. 1931). French president.

1844 - The first constitution of the Dominican Republic was adopted.

1846 - Karol Marcinkowski dies (b. 1800). Polish physician and social activist.

1846 - Alexander Chavchavadze dies. Georgian poet and general.

1851 - Charles Dow was born (d. 1902). American journalist and economist.

1854 - John Philip Sousa was born († 6 Mar 1932). American composer.

1855 - Ezra Seymour Gosney was born (d. 1942). American philanthropist and eugenicist.

1860 - Ignace Paderewski was born (d. 1941). Polish pianist, composer, and President of Poland.

1860 - U.S. presidential election, 1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.

1861 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.

1861 - James Naismith was born (d. 1939). Canadian inventor of basketball.

1865 - American Civil War: CSS Shenandoah is the last Confederate combat unit to surrender after circumnavigating the globe on its cruise that sank or captured 37 vessels.

1869 - In New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University defeats Princeton University, 6-4, in the first official intercollegiate American football game.

1873 - The Halifax Rugby Club is formed.

1880 - Chris van Abkoude was born (d. 1959). Dutch-American writer and novelist.

1880 - Robert Musil was born (d. 1942). Austrian novelist.

1881 - Nascimento Fernandes was born in Faro. Portuguese actor.

1882 - Thomas Ince was born (d. 1924). American movie actor, director, producer.

1887 - Walter Johnson was born (d. 1946). American baseball player.

1888 - U.S. presidential election, 1888: Democrat incumbent Grover Cleveland wins the overall popular vote, but is voted out of office because he loses in the Electoral College to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison.

1892 - Harold Ross was born (d. 1951). American editor.

1893 - Edsel Ford was born (d. 1943). President of Ford Motor Company.

1893 - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky dies (b. 1840). Russian composer.

1900 - U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley is reelected by defeating Democrat challenger William Jennings Bryan.

1906 - James D. Norris was born (d. 1966). Sportsman and businessman (Chicago Blackhawks).

1907 - Delfim Santos was born (d. 1966). Portuguese thinker, philosopher.

1910 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba dies (b. 1838). Italian patriot and writer.

1913 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.

1914 - Jonathan Harris was born (d. 2002). American actor.

1916 - Ray Conniff was born (d. 2002). American composer and conductor.

1917 - World War I: Third Battle of Ypres ends: After three months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Ypres in Belgium.

1917 - October Revolution begins in Russia.

1918 - The Second Polish Republic is proclaimed in Poland.

1919 - Sophia de Mello Breyner was born (d. 2004). Portuguese poet and writer.

1921 - James Jones was born (d. 1977). American writer.

1924 - Jeanette Schmid was born (d. 2005). Austrian professional whistler, AKA Baroness Lips von Lipstrill.

1925 - Secret agent Sidney Reilly is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.

1925 - Khai Dinh dies. Emperor of Vietnam.

1926 - Frank Carson was born. Northern Irish comedian.

1928 - Swedes start a tradition of eating Gustavus Adolphus pastries to commemorate the king.

1928 - U.S. presidential election, 1928: Republican Herbert Hoover wins by a wide margin over Democrat Alfred E. Smith.

1929 - Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro dies in Lisbon (b. 21 Nov 1857). Portuguese painter.

1929 - Prince Maximilian of Baden dies (b. 1867). Chancellor of Germany.

1931 - Indian spiritual leader Meher Baba arrives in The United States for the first time aboard the SS Roma.

1931 - Mike Nichols was born. German director.

1932 - Stonewall Jackson was born. American country singer.

1935 - Before the New York section of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Edwin Armstrong presents his paper "A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation" (see: FM radio).

1935 - First flight of the Hawker Hurricane.

1936 - Henry Bourne Joy dies (b. 1864). American automobile executive.

1937 - Joe Warfield was born. American actor.

1938 - Mack Jones was born (d. 2004). Baseball player.

1938 - P.J. Proby was born. Texas-born, England-based singer and actor.

1938 - Diana E. H. Russell was born. South African feminist writer and activist.

1938 - Dumitru Rusu was born. Romanian painter.

1938 - Jim Pike was born. American singer (The Lettermen).

1939 - Michael Schwerner was born (d. 1964). American civil rights activist.

1939 - World War II: Sonderaktion Krakau.

1939 - The Hedda Hopper Show debuts with Hollywood gossip Hedda Hopper as host. The show would until 1951, making Hopper a powerful figure in the Hollywood elite.

1940 - Ruth Messinger was born. Manhattan Borough President and President of the American Jewish World Service.

1941 - World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin addresses the Soviet Union for only the second time during his three-decade rule. He states that even though 350,000 troops were killed in German attacks so far, that the Germans have lost 4.5 million soldiers (a wild exaggeration) and that Soviet victory was near.

1941 - Mário Cláudio was born in Porto. Portuguese poet and essayst. Prize Pessoa 2004.

1941 - Maurice Leblanc dies (b. 1864). French novelist.

1942 - World War II: SS City of Cairo sunk by German U-Boat U-68 in the South Atlantic en route to Brazil from Cape Town.

1943 - World War II: Russia recaptures Kiev. Before withdrawing, Germans destroy most of the city's ancient buildings.

1944 - Plutonium is first produced at the Hanford Atomic Facility, subsequently used in the Fat Man Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.

1946 - Sally Field was born. American actress.

1947 - Meet The Press makes its television debut (the show went to a weekly schedule on September 12, 1948).

1948 - Glenn Frey was born. American singer (Eagles).

1949 - Arturo Sandoval was born. Cuban-born trumpeter.

1949 - Brad Davis was born (d. 1991). American actor.

1951 - Peter Althin was born. Swedish politician and attorney.

1952 - Michael Cunningham was born. American writer.

1954 - Catherine Crier was born. American television personality.

1955 - Maria Shriver was born. American journalist.

1956 - U.S. presidential election, 1956: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower is reelected by defeating Democrat challenger Adlai E. Stevenson in a rematch of their contest four years earlier.

1957 - Cam Clarke was born. American voice actor.

1957 - Siobhán McCarthy was born. Irish singer and actress.

1957 - Félix Gaillard becomes Prime Minister of France.

1957 - Lori Singer was born. American actress.

1957 - Klaus Kleinfeld was born. German industrialist.

1957 - Ciro Gomes was born. Brazilian politician.

1958 - Trace Beaulieu was born. American comic actor best known for his work in Mystery Science Theater 3000

1958 - Urs Freuler was born. Swiss cyclist.

1960 - Michael Cerveris was born. American actor.

1960 - Erich Raeder dies (b. 1876). German grand admiral.

1961 - Kazuhiko Aoki was born. Japanese game creator.

1961 - Florent Pagny was born. French songwriter and singer.

1962 - Apartheid: The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.

1963 - Vietnam War: Following the November 1 coup and murder of President Ngo Dinh Diem, coup leader General Duong Van Minh takes over leadership of South Vietnam.

1963 - Rozz Williams was born (d. 1998). American musician (Christian Death)

1964 - Kerry Conran was born. American filmmaker

1964 - Hans von Euler-Chelpin dies (b. 1873). German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1929.

1964 - Anita Malfatti dies (b. 1896). Brazilian painter.

1964 - Hugo Koblet dies (b. 1925). Swiss cyclist.

1965 - Freedom Flights begin: Cuba and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States. By 1971, 250,000 Cubans will take advantage of this program.

1965 - Greg Graffin was born. American singer (Bad Religion).

1965 - Edgar Varèse dies (b. 1883). French composer.

1965 - Clarence Williams dies (b. 1898). American musician.

1966 - Christian Lorenz was born. German keyboardist (Rammstein).

1966 - Paul Gilbert was born. American guitarist and singer.

1967 - Rebecca Schaeffer was born (d. 1989). American actress.

1968 - Alfred Williams was born. American football player.

1968 - Charles Munch dies (b. 1891). French conductor and violinist.

1968 - Charles B. McVay III dies (b. 1898). Ex-U.S. Navy Captain.

1970 - Agustín Lara dies (b. 1900). Mexican composer and poet.

1970 - Ethan Hawke was born. American actor

1971 - The AEC tests the largest U.S. underground hydrogen bomb, code-named Cannikin, on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians.

1972 - Deivi Cruz was born. American baseball player.

1972 - Thandie Newton was born. Zambian actress.

1972 - Garry Flitcroft was born. English footballer.

1972 - Rebecca Romijn-Stamos was born in Berkeley, California. Actress and supermodel.

1973 - Nell McAndrew was born. British model.

1975 - Green March begins: 300,000 unarmed Moroccans converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara.

1975 - The Sex Pistols play their first concert at St. Martin's School of Art in London.

1976 - Catherine Clark was born. Canadian journalist (also daughter of former Canadian Prime Minister Joe Clark)

1976 - Jodi Martin was born. Australian singer-songwriter.

1976 - Pat Tillman was born (d. 2004). American football player.

1976 - Mike Herrera was born. American singer and bassist (mxpx).

1977 - The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia, fails, killing 39.

1977 - Patrícia Tavares was born. Portuguese actress.

1978 - Daniella Cicarelli was born. Brazilian supermodel.

1978 - Jolina Magdangal was born. Filipina singer, actress and television host.

1978 - Sandrine Blancke was born. Belgian actress.

1978 - Taryn Manning was born. American actress.

1978 - Zak Morioka was born. Brazilian racing driver.

1978 - Harry Bertoia dies (b. 1915). Italian artist and designer.

1978 - Heiri Suter dies (b. 1899). Swiss cyclist.

1979 - Lamar Odom was born. American basketball player.

1981 - Cassie Bernall was born. American murder victim.

1981 - Lee Dong Wook was born. South Korean actor.

1982 - Sowelu was born. Japanese pop singer.

1984 - Ronald Reagan defeats Walter Mondale to be re-elected in one of the largest electoral landslide in United States election history.

1984 - Gastón Suárez dies (b. 1929). Bolivian novelist and dramatist.

1985 - In Colombia, leftist guerrillas of the April 19 Movement seize control of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, eventually killing 115 people, 11 of them Supreme Court justices.

1985 - "Irangate" scandal: The American press reveals that US President Ronald Reagan had authorized the shipment of arms to Iran.

1985 - The Playboy Club in New York admits topless male "bunnies" for the first time.

1985 - Joel Crothers, Soap Opera Actor (b. 1941)

1986 - Alex Ferguson is appointed manager of Manchester United F.C..

1986 - Elisabeth Grümmer dies (b. 1911). Alsatian soprano.

1987 - Ana Ivanovic was born. Serbian tennis player.

1987 - Zohar Argov dies (b. 1955). Israeli singer.

1988 - Beatle Ringo Starr checks into an alcohol rehabilitation centre.

1988 - Emma Stone was born. American actress.

1988 - Erik Lund was born. Swedish football player.

1989 - Kitty Dukakis, wife of presidential candidate and Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis, is hospitalised for drinking rubbing alcohol.

1989 - Jozy Altidore was born. American soccer player.

1989 - Shaina Magdayao was born. Filipino actress.

1989 - Yusaku Matsuda dies (b. 1949). Japanese actor.

1989 - Dickie Goodman dies (b. 1934). Creator of "break-in" records.

1990 - Carlos Wallenstein dies (b. 1925). Portuguese actor and theater director.

1991 - Gene Tierney dies (b. 1920). American actress.

1992 - Gustavo Zenkl dies. Portuguese rejoneador.

1995 - Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell announces he is moving his team to Baltimore.

1995 - Aneta Corsaut dies (b. 1933). American actress.

1996 - The family of Eduardo Quihua Maquixtle from Vicente Guerrero, Mexico, including his four children, are stabbed by three men accusing them of witchcraft.

1998 - Hugo Chávez is elected president of Venezuela

1998 - Marcel Gauthier dies (b. 1928). Canadian midget wrestler.

1999 - Australians vote to keep the British monarch as their head of state in the Australian republic referendum.

2000 - L. Sprague De Camp dies (b. 1907). American writer.

2000 - David R. Brower dies (b. 1912). American environmentalist.

2001 - Belgian national airline Sabena is declared bankrupt.

2001 - Michael Bloomberg is elected mayor of New York City.

2001 - David Trimble is re-elected prime minister of Northern Ireland.

2001 - Anthony Shaffer dies (b. 1926). English dramatist.

2002 - 12 people are killed in a fire on board a train headed for Vienna from Paris

2002 - Winona Ryder is found guilty of shoplifting after stealing items worth $5,500 from a New York boutique.

2002 - Sid Sackson dies (b. 1920). American board game designer.