On this day in History - Oct. 13
- 0054 - Roman Empire emperor Claudius I dies (b. 10 BC) after being poisoned by his wife Agrippina.
- 0709 - Emperor Kōnin was born (d. 0781). Emperor of Japan.
- 1066 - Death of St. Edward, "the Confessor," King of England.
- 1093 - Robert I, Count of Flanders dies.
- 1162 - Leonora of England was born (d. 1214). Wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile.
- 1195 - Morte Gualdim Pais (1118-1195), mestre da Ordem dos Templários em Portugal, e companheiro de Afonso Henriques, primeiro rei de Portugal.
- 1282 - Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.
- 1296 - Ílhavo recebe foral de D. Dinis
- 1307 - Hundreds of Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
- 1381 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel was born (d. 1415). English politician
- 1399 - Coronation of Henry IV as King of England
- 1415 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel dies (b. 1381). English military leader.
- 1453 - Edward of Westminster was born (d. 1471).Prince of Wales
- 1474 - Mariotto Albertinelli was born (d. 1515). Italian painter.
- 1492 - Columbus and his crew land in the Bahamas
- 1508 - Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros dies (b. 1446). English politician.
- 1563 - Francesco Caracciolo was born. Italian religious founder and saint (Caracciolini), canonized by Pio VII on 24 May 1807.
- 1566 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork was born (d. 1643). Irish politician.
- 1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1605 - Theodore Beza dies (b. 1519). French theologian.
- 1613 - Nasce D. Luísa Francisca de Gusmão, rainha de Portugal (esposa de D. João IV)
- 1666 - Morre D. Francisco Manuel de Melo (n. 1608). Militar e escritor português.
- 1673 - Kristoffer Gabel dies (b. 1617). Danish statesman.
- 1687 - Geminiano Montanari dies (b. 1633). Italian astronomer.
- 1694 - Samuel von Pufendorf dies (b. 1632). German jurist.
- 1696 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey was born (d. 1743). English statesman and writer.
- 1706 - Iyasus the Great dies (b. 1682). Emperor of Ethiopia.
- 1713 - Allan Ramsay was born (d. 1784). Scottish painter.
- 1714 - Pieter Burmann the Younger was born (d. 1778). Dutch philologist.
- 1715 - Nicolas Malebranche dies (b. 1638). French philosopher.
- 1754 - Molly Pitcher (Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley) was born (d. 22 Jul 1832). American heroine.
- 1759 - John Henley dies (b. 1692). English minister.
- 1773 - The Whirlpool Galaxy was discovered by Charles Messier
- 1773 - Nascimento de Luís Filipe I da França (rei da França 1830-1848)
- 1775 - The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
- 1784 - Ferdinand VII was born. King of Spain.
- 1788 - Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent dies (b. 1702). Irish politician and poet.
- 1789 - Manuel Eduardo de Gorostiza was born. Mexican writer.
- 1792 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
- 1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
- 1812 - Sir Isaac Brock dies killed in battle (b. 1769). British general.
- 1815 - Joachim Murat dies executed (b. 1767). French marshal and King of Naples
- 1821 - Rudolf Virchow was born (d. 1902). German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician.
- 1825 - King Maximilian I of Bavaria dies (b. 1756)
- 1843 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
- 1845 - A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
- 1853 - Lillie Langtry was born (d. 1929). British actress.
- 1862 - Mary Kingsley was born (d. 1900). English writer and explorer.
- 1869 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve dies (b. 1804). French literary critic.
- 1870 - The Kappa Kappa Gamma fraternity is founded at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois, by six pioneering women.
- 1876 - Rube Waddell was born (d. 1914). Baseball player.
- 1880 - Sasha Cherny was born (d. 1932). Russian poet.
- 1881 - Revival of the Hebrew language as Eliezer Ben-Yehuda and friends agree to use Hebrew exclusively in their conversations
- 1882 - Arthur de Gobineau dies (b. 1816). French philosopher.
- 1884 - Greenwich was established as universal time meridian of longitude.
- 1885 - The Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) is founded in Atlanta, Georgia.
- 1887 - Charles Stevenson was born in Sacramento, California (d. 4 Jul 1943). American actor.
- 1890 - Samuel Freeman Miller dies (b. 1816). U.S. Supreme Court Justice.
- 1890 - The Delta Chi Fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
- 1890 - Criação do Jogo do Bicho, no Rio de Janeiro-RJ, pelo Barão de Drumond, para ajudar o Jardim Zoológico.
- 1892 - Edward Emerson Barnard discovers D/1892 T1 (Barnard 3), the first comet discovered by photographic means, on the night of October 13-14.
- 1904 - Sigmund Freud's “The Interpretation of Dreams” was published.
- 1904 - Pavlos Melas dies (b. 1870). Greek officer who organized and participated in the Greek Struggle for Macedonia
- 1905 - Sir Henry Irving dies (b. 1838). The first British actor to be knighted.
- 1907 - Yves Allégret was born (d. 1987). French film director.
- 1909 - Francisco Ferrer Guardia dies (b. 1849). Spanish free-thinker.
- 1909 - Art Tatum was born († 1956). American jazz pianist
- 1909 - Herbert Block was born (d. 2001). American cartoonist.
- 1911 - Ashok Kumar was born (d. 2001). Indian actor.
- 1915 - Terry Frost was born (d. 2003). English artist
- 1915 - Cornel Wilde was born (d. 1989). American actor.
- 1916 - Edu da Gaita was born (d. 1982). Brazilian musician.
- 1917 - The "Miracle of the Sun" is witnessed by an estimated 70,000 persons in the Cova da Iria in Fatima, Portugal.
- 1917 - Burr Tillstrom was born (d. 6 Dec 1985). American puppeteer (Berlin Wall Hand Ballet, That was the Week that Was [1965-66]; Kukla, Fran & Ollie).
- 1917 - Laraine Day was born. American actor
- 1917 - Florence La Badie dies. American actress
- 1918 - Mehmed Talat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I
- 1918 - Robert Hudson Walker was born (d. 1951). American actor
- 1919 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup dies (b. 1857). Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1921 - Yves Montand was born (d. 1991). Italian-born French singer and actor
- 1923 - Faas Wilkes was born. Dutch football (soccer) player
- 1924 - Nipsey Russell was born. American comedian, actor, and television personality
- 1924 - Jose Donoso was born in Santiago (d. 1996). Chilean writer.
- 1925 - Gustav Winckler was born (d. 1979). Danish singer.
- 1925 - Margaret Thatcher was born. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1925 - Lenny Bruce was born (d. 1966). American comedian.
- 1926 - Ray Brown was born (d. 2002). American jazz bassist.
- 1926 - Hans E. Kinck dies (b. 1865). Norwegian author and philologist.
- 1927 - Lee Konitz was born. American jazz saxophonist
- 1931 - Eddie Mathews was born (d. 2001). Baseball player.
- 1931 - Raymond Kopa was born. French footballer.
- 1931 - Ernst Didring dies (b. 1868). Swedish author.
- 1932 - Jack Colvin was born (d. 2005). American actor.
- 1934 - Nana Mouskouri was born. Greek singer
- 1938 - Hugo Young was born (d. 2003). English journalist.
- 1938 - Em Lisboa, inauguração da Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima, da autoria de Pardal Monteiro.
- 1938 - E.C. Segar dies (b. 1894). American cartoonist (Popeye) / Morre o desenhador e cartoonista americano Elzie Segar, inventor do marinheiro Popeye.
- 1939 - T. J. Cloutier was born. American poker player
- 1940 - Pharoah Sanders was born. American saxophonist
- 1941 - Paul Simon was born. American singer, songwriter, and guitarist [ duo: Simon and Garfunkel: Bridge Over Troubled Water, Homeward Bound, I Am a Rock, Mrs. Robinson, Scarborough Fair, The Sounds of Silence, Cecilia; solo: Mother and Child Reunion, Me and Julio, Kodachrome, 50 Ways to Leave Your Lover, Slip Slidin’ Away; LP: Graceland; Wonderful World [with Art Garfunkel, James Taylor]; Rock and Roll Hall of Famer; in film: Annie Hall ]
- 1942 - Jerry Jones was born. American football team owner.
- 1942 - Pamela Tiffin was born. American film actress.
- 1944 - Robert Lamm was born. American musician (Chicago)
- 1945 - Christophe was born. French singer.
- 1945 - Milton S. Hershey dies (b. 1857). American chocolate tycoon.
- 1946 - France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
- 1946 - Edwina Currie was born. British politician
- 1947 - Sammy Hagar was born. American singer
- 1948 - Ted Poe was born. American politician
- 1948 - John Ford Coley was born. American musician.
- 1949 - Tom Mees was born (d. 1996). Sports Broadcaster.
- 1950 - Fagner was born. Brazilian musician
- 1950 - Dan Seals was born. American singer and songwriter
- 1950 - Ernest Haycox dies (b. 1899). American writer.
- 1952 - Beverly Johnson was born. Model, actress: The Cover Girl Murders, Ashanti, Land of No Mercy.
- 1953 - Pat Day was born. American jockey.
- 1954 - Mordechai Vanunu was born. Israeli nuclear technician.
- 1954 - Claude Ribbe was born. French historian.
- 1954 - George Frazier was born. Baseball player.
- 1955 - Manuel Ávila Camacho dies (b. 1897). President of Mexico (1940-46)
- 1956 - Chris Carter was born. American television producer.
- 1956 - Judy Blumberg was born. Skater
- 1958 - Burial of Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII on the 41st anniversary of the "Miracle of the Sun".
- 1958 - Jair-Rohm Parker Wells was born. American musician and composer
- 1959 - Marie Osmond was born. American singer, actress, and television personality
- 1960 - 1960 World Series: Baseballer Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run.
- 1960 - Ari Fleischer was born. White House Press Secretary.
- 1961 - Amílcar Cabral dirige uma carta aberta ao governo português reclamando a independência da Guiné e do arquipélago de Cabo Verde.
- 1961 - Doc Rivers was born. Basketball player and coach.
- 1962 - T'Keyah Crystal Keymáh, American actress
- 1962 - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opens on Broadway.
- 1962 - Kelly Preston was born. American actress (For Love and Honor, Cheyenne Warrior, Double Cross, Love is a Gun, Only You, The Perfect Bride, Amazon Women on the Moon); actor John Travolta’s wife
- 1962 - Jerry Rice was born. American football star.
- 1964 - Nie Haisheng was born. Chinese astronaut.
- 1964 - Christopher Judge was born. American actor.
- 1965 - Johan Museeuw was born. Belgian cyclist.
- 1966 - Clifton Webb dies (b. 1889). American actor.
- 1966 - Javier Lopez Cantu was born. American Latino painter~
- 1967 - The first game in the history of the American Basketball Association is played as the Anaheim Amigos lost to the Oakland Oaks 134-129 in Oakland, California.
- 1967 - Steve Vickers was born. English footballer
- 1967 - Scott Cooper was born. American baseball player
- 1967 - Javier Sotomayor was born. Cuban athlet, jumper, World record 1989
- 1968 - Bea Benaderet dies (b. 1906). American actress.
- 1968 - Manuel Bandeira dies (b. 1886). Brazilian writer.
- 1969 - Nancy Kerrigan was born. American figure skater
- 1969 - Cady McClain was born. American actress
- 1969 - Rhett Akins was born. American country singer
- 1970 - As Ilhas Fiji são admitidas como Estado-Membro da ONU
- 1970 - Mel Jackson was born. Actor and R&B musician
- 1970 - Serena Altschul was born. American reporter
- 1971 - 1971 World Series: The first night game in World Series history is contested at Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium between the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates.
- 1971 - Billy Bush was born. American TV host
- 1971 - Sacha Baron Cohen was born. British comedian
- 1971 - Pyrros Dimas was born. Albanian weightlifter
- 1971 - Stafford Smythe dies. National Hockey League executive
- 1972 - Andes flight disaster: An Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-62 transporting a rugby team crashes in Andes. They are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive, as chronicled in the 1993 film Alive: The Miracle of the Andes.
- 1972 - Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 crashes in the Andes mountains, in between the borders of Argentina and Chile. By December 23, 1972 all 16 survivors were rescued.
- 1972 - Summer Sanders was born. American Olympic swimmer.
- 1973 - The British progressive rock band Family perform their last concert at Leicester Polytechnic in Leicester, England, prior to their disbandment.
- 1973 - Brian Dawkins was born. American football player.
- 1973 - Nanako Matsushima was born. Japanese actress
- 1973 - Matt Hughes was born. American mixed martial artist
- 1974 - Hawick Lau was born. Chinese actor and singer
- 1974 - Joseph Utsler was born. American rapper (Insane Clown Posse)
- 1974 - Ed Sullivan dies (b. 1901). American television personality.
- 1975 - Tom Anderson was born. American entrepreneur
- 1975 - David Kennedy was born. American musician (Boxcar Racer, Angels and Airwaves)
- 1975 - Patrícia Lucchesi was born. Brazilian actress.
- 1976 - A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground)
- 1976 - The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C..
- 1977 - Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
- 1977 - Paul Pierce was born. American basketball player
- 1977 - Gareth Batty was born. English cricketer
- 1977 - Kiele Sanchez was born. American actress
- 1978 - Jermaine O'Neal was born. American basketball player
- 1978 - Katie Walder was born. American actress.
- 1978 - Swaziland's new constitution promulgated bans political parties
- 1979 - Wes Brown was born. English football player
- 1979 - Rebecca Clarke dies (b. 1886). English composer and violist.
- 1980 - Argentine Adolfo Pérez Esquivel receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1980 - Ashanti was born. American singer.
- 1980 - Jon Micah Sumrall was born. American singer (Kutless).
- 1980 - Magne Hoseth was born. Norwegian footballer.
- 1980 - Scott Parker was born. English footballer.
- 1981 - Voters in Egypt participated in a referendum to elect Vice President Hosni Mubarak the new president, one week after the assassination of Anwar Sadat.
- 1981 - Ryan Ashford was born. English football player
- 1981 - Kele Okereke was born. Lead singer of Bloc Party.
- 1982 - Michael Clayton was born. American football player
- 1982 - Ian Thorpe was born. Australian swimmer
- 1982 - Mexican Alonso García Robles receives the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1983 - The Space Shuttle Challenger, carrying seven, the largest crew to date, landed safely at Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
- 1983 - Ameritech Mobile Communications (now Cingular) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.
- 1987 - Costa Rican President Oscar Arias was named winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts on behalf of a Central American peace plan.
- 1987 - Walter Brattain dies (b. 1902). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1988 - Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian novelist, was named recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature
- 1988 - Mike Venezia dies (b. 1945). American jockey.
- 1990 - End of the Lebanese war. Syrian forces launch an attack on the free areas of Lebanon removing General Michel Aoun from the presidential palace.
- 1990 - Le Duc Tho dies (b. 1911). Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1991 - Daniel Oduber Quirós dies. Presidente of Costa Rica (1974-1978)
- 1993 - Captured American Pilot Mike Durant is filmed in an interview in captivity by a CNN camera crew
- 1994 - Kenzabuto Oe, Japanese novelist, won the Noble prize for literature. His work included “An Echo of Heaven.”
- 1995 - British physicist Joseph Rotblat and the anti-nuclear group he founded, the Pugwash Conference, were named winners of the 1995 Nobel Peace Prize.
- 1998 - The Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Robert B. Laughlin of Stanford, Horst L. Stormer of Columbia Univ. and Daniel C. Tsui of Princeton for their work on the fractional quantum Hall effect where groups of electrons act as if they are quarks.
- 1998 - The Nobel Prize in chemistry went to Walter Kohn of UC Santa Barbara and John Pople (d.2004) of Northwestern Univ. for their work in computational chemistry.
- 1999 - Golpe militar no Paquistão
- 1999 - Robert A. Mundell (66), a Canadian born professor at Columbia Univ., won the Nobel Prize in Economics for his study of cross-border capital flows, flexible foreign exchange rates, and supply side economics.
- 1999 - France legalized same sex unions under legislation called "civil solidarity pacts" pushed through by the Socialist-dominated National Assembly.
- 1999 - The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
- 2000 - Kim Dae-jung, President of South- Korea, received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to make peace with North Korea.
- 2000 - Jean Peters dies (b. 1926). American actress.
- 2001 - Anthrax was confirmed in 3 US states. In Florida 5 more employees tested positive; in Nevada a letter sent to a Microsoft office tested positive; and in NYC a letter sent to NBC News tested positive.
- 2001 - Peter Doyle dies (b. 1949). Australian pop singer (The New Seekers).
- 2002 - Stephen Ambrose dies (b. 1936). American historian and biographer.
- 2002 - O Brasil sagra-se campeão mundial de Voleibol masculino ao vencer a Rússia.
- 2003 - The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.
- 2003 - Bertram Brockhouse dies (b. 1918). Canadian physicist, Nobel laureate
- 2004 - Enrique Fernando dies (b. 1915). Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court.
- 2005 - Vivian Malone Jones dies (b. 1942). American civil rights activist.
- 2006 - Wang Guangmei dies (b. 1921). Chinese first lady.
- 2007 - Bob Denard dies (b. 1929). French mercenary.
- Roman festivals - Fontanalia: festival dedicated to Fontus
- RC Saints - translation (1163) of Saint Edward the Confessor; memorial of Saint Gerald of Aurillac, optional feast of Our Lady of Fatima
- John Peel Day - A day celebrating the life and influence of the late John Peel.
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