On this day in History - Oct. 7
- 3761 BCE - The epoch (origin) of the modern Hebrew calendar.
- 0336 - Pope Mark dies
- 0929 - Charles the Simple dies (b. 0879). King of France.
- 1368 - Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence dies (b. 1338). Son of Edward III of England
- 1425 - Treaty of Saumur.
- 1471 - King Frederick I of Denmark and Norway, was born (d. 1533)
- 1492 - Christopher Columbus misses Florida when he changes course.
- 1506 - Pope Julius II and France occupy Bologna.
- 1513 - Battle of La Motta — Spanish troops under Ramon de Cardona defeat the Venetians.
- 1520 - First public burning of books in Netherlands, in Louvain.
- 1542 - Explorer João Rodrigues Cabrilho discovers Catalina Island, off California coast.
- 1553 - Cristóbal de Morales dies (b. c. 1500). Spanish composer.
- 1555 - Louis of Praet dies (b. 1488). Habsburg diplomat.
- 1571 - Battle of Lepanto occurs. (Turkish fleet defeated by Don Juan of Austria). Miguel de Cervantes is injured in this battle.
- 1573 - William Laud was born (d. 1645). Archbishop of Canterbury.
- 1576 - John Marston was born (d. 1634). English writer
- 1577 - George Gascoigne dies. English poet and dramatist.
- 1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1612 - Giovanni Battista Guarini dies (b. 1538). Italian poet, dramatist, and diplomat.
- 1620 - Stanisław Żółkiewski dies (b. 1547). Polish military leader.
- 1637 - Prince Frederick Henry of Orange occupies Breda.
- 1637 - Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy dies (b. 1587)
- 1651 - Jacques Sirmond dies (b. 1559). French Jesuit scholar.
- 1653 - Fausto Poli dies (b. 1581). Italian Catholic priest.
- 1690 - English attack Quebec under Louis de Buade.
- 1697 - Canaletto was born (d.1768). Italian artist.
- 1702 - English/Dutch troops under John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough occupy Roermond.
- 1708 - Guru Gobind Singh dies (b. 1666). Tenth and last Sikh Guru.
- 1713 - Granville Elliott was born (d. 1759). British military officer.
- 1714 - Beer tax riots in Alkmaar, Netherlands.
- 1728 - Caesar Rodney was born (d. 1784). American lawyer.
- 1744 - Sergey Vyazmitinov was born (d. 1819). Russian general and statesman.
- 1748 - King Charles XIII of Sweden was born (d. 1818)
- 1763 - George III of Great Britain issues British Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing aboriginal lands in North America north and west of Alleghenies to white settlements.
- 1765 - Stamp Act Congress convenes in NY.
- 1769 - English explorer, Captain Cook, discovers New Zealand.
- 1769 - Solomon Sibley was born (d. 1846). American politician.
- 1772 - John Woolman dies (b. 1720). American Quaker preacher and abolitionist.
- 1777 - American Revolutionary War: Americans beat the British in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights.
- 1780 - Battle of Kings Mountain: American Patriot militia defeat Loyalist irregulars led by British colonel Patrick Ferguson in South Carolina.
- 1786 - Louis-Joseph Papineau was born (d. 1871). Canadian lawyer and politician,
- 1787 - Henry Muhlenberg dies (b. 1711). German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church.
- 1792 - George Mason dies (b. 1725). American patriot.
- 1793 - Fundação da cidade de Rosario, em Santa Fe, Argentina.
- 1793 - Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire dies (b. 1718). English politician.
- 1796 - Thomas Reid dies (b. 1710). Eminent Scottish metaphysician and philosopher.
- 1806 - Carbon paper patented in London by inventor Ralph Wedgewood.
- 1816 - First double-decked steamboat, the "Washington", arrives in New Orleans.
- 1825 - Miramichi Fire, disaster in New Brunswick
- 1826 - Granite Railway (first chartered railway in the U.S.) begins operations.
- 1828 - The city of Patras, Greece is liberated by the French expeditionary force in Peloponnese under General Maison.
- 1835 - Felix Draeseke was born (d. 1913). German composer
- 1840 - Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
- 1841 - King Nicholas I of Montenegro was born (d. 1921) .
- 1849 - James Whitcomb Riley was born (d. 1916). American poet.
- 1849 - Edgar Allan Poe dies (b. 1809). American writer.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Darbytown Road (Johnson's Farm) - Confederate forces attempt to regain ground that had been lost around Richmond is thwarted.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Capture of the C.S.S. Florida — Union Warship captures the Confederate raider ship while in port in Bahia, Brazil.
- 1865 - The Morant Bay Rebellion starts in Jamaica.
- 1866 - Wlodimir Ledochowski was born (d. 1942). Polish-Austrian director of the Society of Jesus.
- 1868 - Cornell University holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the most at any American university to that date.
- 1870 - Leon Gambetta flees Paris in balloon.
- 1881 - Mikhail Drozdovsky was born (d. 1918). Russian general.
- 1882 - Baseball: In Game 2 of the first exhibiton series between the Champions of the National League and the American Association, Chicago (NL) beats Cincinnati (AA) 2-0.
- 1885 - Niels Bohr was born (d. 18 Nov 1962). Danish physicist. He is best known for investigations of atomic structure and also for work on radiation, which won him the 1922 Nobel Prize for Physics.
- 1888 - Henry A. Wallace was born (d. 1965). Vice President of the United States.
- 1892 - Dwain Esper was born (d. 1982). Film director.
- 1894 - Del Lord was born (d. 1970). American director.
- 1894 - Oliver Wendell Holmes dies (b. 1809). American poet.
- 1897 - Elijah Muhammad was born (d. 1975). American Black Muslim leader.
- 1900 - The term "orienteering" is first used for an event.
- 1900 - Heinrich Himmler was born (d. 1945). Nazi official and leader of the SS.
- 1901 - Carlos Mastroiani was born in Gualeguay, Entre Ríos. Argentine poet ("Tierra amanecida", "Luz de provincia", "Conocimiento de la noche").
- 1903 - Rudolf Lipschitz dies (b. 1832). German mathematician.
- 1904 - Baseball: New York Highlander Jack Chesbro wins record 41st game of season (41-12).
- 1904 - Henrique de Barros was born in Coimbra (d. 20 Aug 2000). Portuguese politician.
- 1905 - Andy Devine was born (d. 1977). American actor.
- 1906 - Honoré Beaugrand dies (b. 1848). Journalist and politician, mayor of Montreal
- 1907 - France's Henry Farman flies 30 m in a biplane.
- 1907 - Víctor Paz Estenssoro was born (d. 2001). President of Bolivia.
- 1910 - Henry P. McIlhenny was born (d. 1986). American philanthropist.
- 1911 - Shura Cherkassky was born (d. 1995). Ukrainian classical pianist.
- 1911 - Vaughn Monroe was born (d. 1973). American singer.
- 1911 - John Hughlings Jackson dies (b. 1835). English neurologist.
- 1912 - The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.
- 1913 - Henry Ford introduces the assembly line.
- 1913 - Simon Carmiggelt was born (d. 1987). Dutch journalist and writer.
- 1914 - Sarah Churchill was born (d. 1982). British actress and dancer.
- 1914 - Alfred Drake was born (d. 1992). American actor.
- 1916 - Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222-0 in the most lopsided victory in American college football.
- 1917 - June Allyson was born. American actress
- 1919 - KLM of Netherlands was founded. It is the oldest airline still operating under its original name.
- 1919 - First London-Amsterdam airline service (Britain Aerial Transport and KLM).
- 1919 - Sir Zelman Cowen was born. 19th Governor-General of Australia
- 1919 - Alfred Deakin dies (b. 1856). Second Prime Minister of Australia.
- 1921 - Raymond Goethals was born (d. 2004). Belgian football coach.
- 1922 - First radio link, WNJ (Newark, New Jersey) and WGY (Schenectady) link for World Series.
- 1922 - Former mayor of Rotterdam Alfred Zimmerman is appointed to represent The Netherlands in the League of Nations.
- 1922 - Grady Hatton was born. Baseball player
- 1923 - Jean-Paul Riopelle was born (d. 2002). Québécois painter and sculptor, member of Les Automatistes.
- 1923 - Irma Grese was born. Supervisor at Nazi concentration camps
- 1924 - Greek government of Dikalekopoulis forms.
- 1925 - Christy Mathewson dies (b. 1880). Baseball player.
- 1926 - Diana Lynn was born (d. 1971). American actress.
- 1926 - Emil Kraepelin dies (b. 1856). German psychologist.
- 1927 - R. D. Laing was born (d. 1989). Scottish psychologist.
- 1927 - Al Martino was born. American singer and actor
- 1928 - Paavo Nurmi runs world record 10 miles (50:15.0).
- 1928 - Sohrab Sepehri was born (d. 1980). Persian poet and painter.
- 1929 - Ramsay MacDonald is the first British premier to address the U.S. Congress.
- 1929 - Robert Westall was born (d. 1993). British author.
- 1931 - First infrared photograph, Rochester, New York.
- 1931 - Cotton Fitzsimmons was born (d. 2004). American basketball coach.
- 1931 - Desmond Tutu was born. South African Anglican archbishop and anti-apartheid activist. He received in 1984 the Nobel Prize for Peace for his role in the opposition to Apartheid in South Africa.
- 1934 - Amiri Baraka was born. American playwright and poet.
- 1934 - Ulrike Meinhof was born (d. 1976). German terrorist.
- 1935 - Thomas Keneally was born. Australian author
- 1936 - Charles Dutoit was born. Swiss conductor
- 1937 - Maria Szyszkowska was born. Polish politician
- 1938 - Germany demands all Jewish passports stamped with the letter J.
- 1939 - John Hopcroft was born. American computer scientist
- 1939 - Harold Kroto was born. British chemist, , Nobel Prize laureate
- 1939 - Bill Snyder was born. American football coach
- 1939 - Clive James was born. Australian TV presenter and writer
- 1940 - World War II: Germany invades Romania.
- 1940 - World War II: the McCollum memo proposes bringing the U.S. into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.
- 1940 - Bruce Vento was born (d. 2000). American politician, U.S. Congressman from Minnesota.
- 1941 - German army occupies Viazma, U.S.S.R.
- 1941 - John Curtin becomes the 14th Prime Minister of Australia
- 1942 - the McCollum memo conspires to bring the U.S. to war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.
- 1942 - U.S. and British government announce establishment of United Nations.
- 1942 - Maxwell Anderson's "Eve of St. Mark," premieres in New York City.
- 1942 - World War II: A salvo of Katyusha rockets destroys a German battalion in Stalingrad.
- 1942 - The October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins as United States Marine Corps forces attack Imperial Japanese Army units along the Matanikau River.
- 1943 - Oliver North was born. United States Marine and politician
- 1943 - José Cardenal was born. Cuban baseball player
- 1943 - Eugeniusz Bodo dies (b. 1899). Polish actor.
- 1943 - Radclyffe Hall dies (b. 1880). British author.
- 1944 - Uprising at Birkenau concentration camp.
- 1944 - Uprising at Auschwitz, Jews burn down crematoriums.
- 1944 - Fieldmarshal Erwin Rommel ordered to return to Berlin.
- 1944 - Allies bombs sea dikes at Vlissingen.
- 1944 - Judee Sill was born (d. 1979). American musician and songwriter
- 1944 - Claudio Tozzi was born. Brazilian painter.
- 1945 - Felix Salten dies in Zurich (b. 6 Sep 1869). Austrian writer ( Bambi )
- 1945 - Kevin Godley was born. British musician (10cc)
- 1946 - Bernard Lavilliers was born. French singer.
- 1946 - Pengiran Anak Saleha was born. Queen of Brunei
- 1947 - France Gall was born. French singer
- 1948 - Diane Ackerman was born. American poet and essayist
- 1949 - German Democratic Republic (East Germany) formed.
- 1949 - One of the earliest television shows, Ford Theater debuts
- 1950 - Jakaya Kikwete was born. Tanzanian politician
- 1951 - David Ben-Gurion forms Israeli government.
- 1951 - Malayan Emergency: Malay Races Liberation Army (MRLA) ambushes and kills British High Commissioner Sir Henry Gurney.
- 1951 - Líbia adopts a new Constituition.
- 1951 - John Mellencamp was born. American singer.
- 1951 - David J. Halberstam was born. American radio executive.
- 1952 - "American Bandstand" debuts on a local Philadelphia station.
- 1952 - Vladimir Putin was born. President of Russia
- 1952 - Graham Yallop was born. Australian cricketer
- 1952 - Jacques Richard was born (d. 2002). National Hockey League player.
- 1952 - Mary Badham was born. American actress
- 1953 - Tico Torres was born. American percussionist
- 1954 - Kenneth Atchley was born. American composer
- 1955 - Beat poet Allen Ginsberg reads his poem "Howl" for the first time at a poetry reading in San Francisco.
- 1955 - Yo-Yo Ma was born. French-born cellist
- 1956 - Beatificação do Papa Inocêncio XI
- 1956 - Clarence Birdseye dies (b. 1886). American inventor.
- 1957 - Dick Clark's American Bandstand debuts.
- 1957 - A fire in the Windscale plutonium production reactor, north of Liverpool, England, cause the release of radioactive material, which is later blamed for 39 cancer deaths.
- 1957 - Jayne Torvill was born. British figure skater
- 1957 - Michael W. Smith was born. American singer
- 1958 - President of Pakistan Iskander Mirza, with the support of General Ayub Khan and the army, suspends the 1956 constitution, imposes martial law, and cancels the elections scheduled for January 1959.
- 1958 - U.S. manned space-flight project renamed Project Mercury.
- 1959 - Far side of the Moon seen for first time, compliments of U.S.S.R.'s Luna 3.
- 1959 - Dylan Baker was born. American character actor
- 1959 - Simon Cowell was born. English recording executive
- 1959 - Lourdes Flores was born. Peruvian politician.
- 1959 - Jean-Marc Fournier was born. French Canadian politician
- 1959 - Mario Lanza dies (b. 1921). American tenor.
- 1960 - Kennedy and Nixon debate Cold War foreign policy in the second of four scheduled debates.
- 1960 - Viktor Lazlo was born. French singer
- 1960 - Kyosuke Himuro was born. Japanese singer
- 1960 - Nigeria is admited as member of United Nations
- 1961 - Matthew Roloff was born. American actor and reality star
- 1962 - U.S.S.R. performs nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, U.S.S.R.
- 1962 - Dave Bronconnier was born. Mayor of Calgary
- 1963 - John F. Kennedy signs ratification for Partial Test Ban Treaty.
- 1963 - Gustaf Gründgens dies (b. 1899). German actor.
- 1965 - Genji Hashimoto was born. Japanese racing driver.
- 1966 - Toni Braxton was born. American singer.
- 1967 - Norman Angell dies (b. 1872). British politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1933
- 1967 - Clarence Birdseye dies. American inventor.
- 1968 - Hollywood adopts the movie ratings system.
- 1968 - Thom Yorke was born. English singer (Radiohead)
- 1969 - Malia Hosaka was born. Hawaiian professional wrestler
- 1969 - Javier Álvarez was born. Spanish singer-songwriter
- 1969 - Léon Scieur dies (b. 1888). Belgian cyclist.
- 1970 - Serena Altschul was born. American reporter
- 1970 - Richard Nixon announces a new five-point peace proposal to end the Vietnam War.
- 1971 - Omã é admitida como Estado-Membro da ONU
- 1971 - Daniel Boucher was born. Quebecois musician
- 1973 - Sami Hyypia was born. Finnish football player.
- 1973 - Nélson de Jesus Silva ( Dida) was born. Brazilian football player (goalkeeper)
- 1974 - Charlotte Nilsson was born. Swedish singer
- 1975 - Gerald R. Ford signs a legislation allowing women to apply for admission to the U.S. military academies, effective in 1976.
- 1975 - Damian Kulash was born. American musician (OK Go)
- 1975 - Terry Gerin was born. American professional wrestler
- 1976 - Rachel McAdams was born. Canadian actress
- 1976 - Gilberto Silva was born. Brazilian football player.
- 1976 - Taylor Hicks was born. American musician
- 1976 - Santiago Solari was born. Argentinian footballer
- 1976 - Charles Woodson was born. American football player
- 1977 - Meighan Desmond was born. New Zealand actress
- 1977 - The adoption of the Fourth Soviet Constitution.
- 1978 - Charlotte Rampling / Jean-Michel Jarre wedding.
- 1978 - Alesha Dixon was born. Pop singer, member of Mis-Teeq
- 1978 - Zaheer Khan was born. Indian cricketer
- 1979 - Simona Amânar was born. Romanian gymnast
- 1979 - Aaron Ashmore was born. Canadian actor
- 1979 - Shawn Ashmore was born .Canadian actor
- 1980 - Edison Chen was born. Canadian-born actor
- 1981 - Albert Cohen dies (b. 1895). Greek-born novelist.
- 1982 - Cats opens on Broadway and runs for nearly 18 years before closing on September 10, 2000.
- 1982 - Jermain Defoe was born. English footballer
- 1982 - Robby Ginepri was born. American tennis player.
- 1982 - Alejandro Núñez Alonso dies. Spanish journalist and novelist. National Prize in Literature in 1957.
- 1984 - Ikuta Toma was born. Japanese Singer/Actor
- 1985 - The Achille Lauro is hijacked by Palestinian terrorists.
- 1986 - Gunnar Nielsen was born. Faroese footballer
- 1987 - Jeremy Brockie was born. Australian footballer
- 1988 - New York City radio station WNBC goes off the air at AM 660 and is replaced by sports station WFAN which was at 1050 AM before the switch.
- 1988 - Stacy DuPree was born. American musician (Eisley)
- 1991 - Chauncey Matthews was born. American Juniors singer
- 1991 - Leo Durocher dies (b. 1905). American baseball player and manager.
- 1992 - Allan Bloom dies (b. 1930). American philosopher and educator.
- 1992 - Tevfik Esenç dies (b. 1904). Last known speaker of Ubykh.
- 1993 - Benazir Bhutto's party wins plurality (but not the absolute majority) in Pakistan's Assembly
- 1993 - Cyril Cusack dies (b. 1910). Irish actor.
- 1994 - Niels Kaj Jerne dies (b. 1911). English-born immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- 1994 - Maurício do Valle dies. Brazilian actor.
- 1996 - Grigoris Asikis dies (b. 1890). Greek singer and songwriter
- 1997 - YUM! Brands, Inc. is founded (then as Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc.) when Pizza Hut, KFC, and Taco Bell spin-off from PepsiCo.
- 1998 - Gay University of Wyoming student, Matthew Shepard, is found tied to a fence after being savagely beaten by two young adults in Laramie, Wyoming.
- 1998 - Charmed Premieres on The WB, an American TV Station
- 1998 - Arnold Jacobs dies (b. 1915). Tuba player a.k.a. Song and Wind.
- 2000 - The last ever competitive match at Wembley Stadium is a 1-0 defeat of England to Germany and the last goal was scored by Liverpool's Dietmar Hammann. The match was Tony Adams' 60th at Wembley setting the record for most appearances at the stadium.
- 2001 - The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan starts with an air assault and covert operations on the ground.
- 2001 - British national railway infrastructure company Railtrack put into railway administration in controversial circumstances.
- 2001 - Christopher Adams dies (b. 1955). British-born pro wrestler and judoka
- 2001 - Herbert Block dies (b. 1909). American cartoonist.
- 2001 - Roger Gaudry dies (b. 1913). French Canadian chemist, businessman and corporate director.
- 2002 - Maher Arar is deported by the US government to Syria, where he is tortured and held without charge for a year before being returned home to Canada.
- 2002 - The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet decides to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2002 jointly to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death, by the study of 1-mm-long worm Caenorhabditis elegans
- 2002 - Space Shuttle Atlantis flies mission STS-112, its last mission before the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster.
- 2003 - California recall: California governor Gray Davis is recalled from office and replaced by Arnold Schwarzenegger.
- 2003 - The 2003 Nobel Prize for Physics is announced to go to Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (b. 25 Jun 1928~) and Anthony James Leggett (b. 26 Mar 1938~), of the US, and Vitaly L. Ginzburg (b.04 Oct 1916~) of Russia "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids".
- 2003 - Wally George dies (b. 1931). American conservative TV commentator.
- 2003 - Israel Asper dies (b. 1932). Canadian tax lawyer.
- 2004 - Ken Bigley dies (b. 1942). British hostage in Iraq.
- 2004 - Elfriede Jelinek (b. 20 Oct 1946), Austrian writer won The 2004 Nobel Prize in Literature "for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power". She is best known for her autobiographical novel The Piano Teacher.
- 2005 - Mohamed ElBaradei and the International Atomic Energy Agency that he heads won the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize Friday for their efforts to stop the spread of nuclear weapons (updated).
- 2005 - Charles Rocket dies (b. 1949). American actor.
- 2006 - Anna Politkovskaya dies (b. 1958). Russian journalist.
- Feast day of Pope Mark.
- Saints Sergius and Bacchus
- East Germany - Republic Day
- French Republican Calendar - Belle de nuit (Beautiful of Night, a flower) Day, sixteenth day in the Month of Vendémiaire
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