On this day in History - Aug. 12
- 490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invading army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar - but see 12 September.
- 30 BC - Cleopatra commits suicide after her defeat and Mark Antony's defeat at the battle of Actium.
- 0875 - Louis II Holy Roman Emperor dies.
- 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders defeat Saracens and the Kingdom of Jerusalem is established under Godfrey of Bouillon.
- 1121 - Battle of Didgori: The Georgian army under King David the Builder won a decisive victory over the famous Seljuk commander Ilghazi.
- 1164 - Battle of Harim: Nur ad-Din defeats the Crusader armies of the County of Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch.
- 1281 - The fleet of Qubilai Khan is destroyed by a typhoon while approaching Japan.
- 1332 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Dupplin Moor - Scots under Domhnall II, Earl of Mar routed by Edward Balliol.
- 1424 - Yongle dies (b. 1460). Emperor of China
- 1480 - Battle of Otranto - Ottoman troops behead 800 Christians for refusing to convert to Islam.
- 1484 - Pope Sixtus IV dies.
- 1484 - George of Trebizond dies (b. 1395). Greek philosopher.
- 1503 - Christian III of Denmark and Norway was born
- 1512 - Alessandro Achillini dies (b. 1463). Italian philosopher.
- 1566 - Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain was born (d. 1633)
- 1577 - Thomas Smith dies (b. 1513). English diplomat and scholar.
- 1588 - Alfonso Ferrabosco (I) dies (b. 1543). Italian composer.
- 1604 - Tokugawa Iemitsu was born (d. 1651). Japanese shogun
- 1612 - Giovanni Gabrieli dies. Italian composer
- 1626 - Giovanni Legrenzi was born (d. 1690). Italian composer.
- 1629 - Tsar Alexei I of Russia was born (d. 1676)
- 1633 - Jacopo Peri dies (b. 1561). Italian composer
- 1638 - Johannes Althusius dies (b. 1557). German writer.
- 1643 - King Afonso VI of Portugal was born (d. 1683)
- 1644 - Heinrich Ignaz Biber was born (d. 1704). Bohemian composer.
- 1647 - Johann Heinrich Acker was born (d. 1719)., German writer.
- 1648 - Ibrahim I dies (b. 1615). Ottoman Sultan
- 1666 - Antonio Balestra was born (d. 21 Apr 1740). Italian painter and printmaker. His altarpieces and history paintings, which unite late Baroque classicism with Venetian color, brought new life to north Italian painting.
- 1674 - Philippe de Champaigne dies (b. 1602). French painter.
- 1676 - Praying Indian John Alderman shot and killed Metacomet the Wampanoag war chief, ending King Philip's War.
- 1686 - John Balguy was born (d. 1748). English philosopher.
- 1689 - Pope Innocent XI dies (b. 1611).
- 1696 - Maurice Greene was born (d. 1755). English composer.
- 1720 - Konrad Ekhof was born (d. 1778). German actor.
- 1762 - King George IV of the United Kingdom was born (d. 1830)
- 1774 - Robert Southey was born (d. 1843). English poet and biographer.
- 1778 - Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven dies (b. 1714). British general and politician.
- 1781 - Robert Mills was born. American architect.
- 1793 - The Rhône department was created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire was split into two departments: Rhône and Loire (Lêre).
- 1809 - Mikhail Kamensky dies (b. 1738). Russian field marshal.
- 1810 - Etienne Louis Geoffroy dies (b. 1725). French pharmacist and entomologist.
- 1812 - O exército anglo-português comandado por Wellington, acompanhado de algumas forças espanholas, entra em Madrid.
- 1822 - Robert Stewart dies. 2nd Marquis of Londonderry, British Foreign Secretary
- 1827 - William Blake dies (b. 1757). English poet and printmaker.
- 1831 - Helena Blavatsky was born (d. 1891). Author.
- 1833 - Chicago was founded.
- 1848 - George Stephenson dies (b. 1781). British locomotive designer.
- 1851 - Isaac Singer granted a patent for his sewing machine
- 1854 - Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon is executed by shooting, in regard to the Battle of Guaymas.
- 1856 - "Diamond Jim" Brady was born (d. 1917). American financier.
- 1857 - Rufus Wilmot Griswold dies (b. 1815). American editor and critic.
- 1859 - Katharine Lee Bates was born (d. 1929). American poet.
- 1861 - Eliphalet Remington dies (b. 1793). American inventor, designer of the Remington rifle.
- 1864 - Sakuma Shōzan dies (b. 1811). Japanese reformer.
- 1865 - William Jackson Hooker dies (b. 1785). English botanist.
- 1866 - Jacinto Benavente was born (d. 1954). Spanish writer. Nobel Prize Laureate in 1922.
- 1867 - Edith Hamilton was born (d. 1963). German classicist.
- 1868 - US President Andrew Johnson suspends Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, thus setting up his own impeachment.
- 1875 - Angela de la Cruz (María Ángeles Guerrero González) cria as Irmãs da Companhia da Cruz
- 1876 - José María Medina begins his 4th mandat as President of Honduras
- 1876 - Mary Roberts Rinehart was born (d. 1958). American author.
- 1877 - Asaph Hall discovers Deimos and Fobos
- 1880 - Christy Mathewson was born (d. 1925). American baseball player.
- 1880 - Radclyffe Hall was born (d. 1943). British author.
- 1881 - Cecil B. DeMille was born (d. 1959). American director.
- 1883 - Pauline Frederick was born (d. 1938). American stage and film actress
- 1885 - Jean Cabannes was born (d. 1959). French physicist.
- 1886 - Sir Keith Murdoch wasd born (d. 1952). Australian journalist and newspaper owner.
- 1887 - Erwin Schrödinger was born (d. 1961). Austrian physicist, Nobel was born Prize laureate
- 1889 - Zerna Sharp was born (d. 1981). American writer and educator (Dick and Jane).
- 1891 - James Russell Lowell dies (b. 1819). American poet and essayist
- 1892 - Alfred Lunt was born (d. 1977). American actor.
- 1896 - Thomas Chamberlain dies. Officer of the 20th Maine at the Battle of Gettysburg
- 1897 - Otto Struve was born. Ucranian astronomer
- 1898 - Armistice ends the Spanish-American War
- 1898 - The Hawaiian flag is lowered from Iolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the American flag to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States.
- 1900 - Wilhelm Steinitz dies (b. 1836). Austrian chess player.
- 1901 - Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld dies (b. 1832). Finnish-Swedish explorer.
- 1902 - Mohammad Hatta was born (d. 1980). Vice President of Indonesia 1945-1956
- 1904 - Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia was born (d. 1918)
- 1906 - Harry Hopman was born (d. 1985). Australian-born tennis player and coach.
- 1906 - Tedd Pierce was born (d. 1972). American animator
- 1906 - Pauline Frederick was born (d. 1990). Journalist
- 1907 - Joe Besser was born (d. 1988). American actor and comedian.
- 1907 - Miguel Torga was born (d. 17 Jan 1955). Portuguese poet and writer/ Nascimento, em São Martinho de Anta (Vila Real) de Adolfo Correia da Rocha que usou o pseudónimo literário de Miguel Torga (m.17 Jan 1995). Formado em Medicina pela Universidade deCoimbra (1933), especializou-se em Otarrinolaringologia. Da sua obra fazem parte. A criação doMundo, Bichos, Contos da Montanha, Novos Contos da Montanha, Diário. Foi vária vezes candidato ao Nobel da Literatura que não obteve. Recebeu o prémio Camões em 1989. De personalidade individualista a sua obra traduz um desespero humanista. (Nota do autor: Um dos autores e poetas portugueses que mais aprecio).
- 1909 - Richard Bare was born. American director
- 1910 - Jane Wyatt was born (d. 2006). American actress.
- 1911 - Mário Moreno (Cantinflas) was born (d. 1993). Mexican actor.
- 1912 - Edson Carneiro was born (d. 1972). Brazilian writer.
- 1912 - Samuel Fuller was born (d. 1997). American film director.
- 1914 - World War I - Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary; British Empire countries automatically included.
- 1914 - Beginning of the Battle of Cer between Austria-Hungary and Serbia
- 1914 - Gerd Buchdahl was born (d. 2001). German philosopher
- 1914 - Ruth Lowe was born (d. 1981). Canadian pianist and composer (I'll Never Smile Again)
- 1914 - John Philip Holland dies (b. 1840). Submarine designer.
- 1918 - Anna Held dies (b. 1872). Actress amd singer.
- 1919 - Vikram Sarabhai was born (d. 1971). Indian physicist.
- 1922 - Arthur Griffith dies (b. 1871). President of Ireland
- 1923 - Vatrslav Jagić dies (b. 1838). Croatian philologist
- 1924 - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq was born (d. 1988). Leader of Pakistan
- 1924 - Derek Shackleton was born. English cricketer.
- 1925 - The first cast of Alpha Psi Omega, drawn from The Masquers of Fairmont College, West Virginia, was initiated.
- 1925 - Norris McWhirter was born (d. 2004). Scottish co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records
- 1925 - Ross McWhirter was born (d. 1975). Scottish co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records
- 1925 - George Wetherill was born (d. 2006). American scientist.
- 1926 - Joe Jones was born (d. 2005). American R&B singer.
- 1926 - Wallace Markfield was born (d. 2002).American writer.
- 1926 - John Derek was born (d. 1998). American actor.
- 1927 - Mstislav Rostropovich was born. Russian cellist.
- 1927 - Porter Wagoner was born. American singer.
- 1928 - Bob Buhl was born (d. 2001). American baseball player.
- 1928 - Dan Curtis was born. American film and television producer and director
- 1928 - Leos Janacek dies (b. 1854). Czech composer
- 1928 - Charles Blackman was born. Australian painter.
- 1929 - Buck Owens was born (d. 2006). American singer
- 1930 - George Soros was born. American businessman Soros Fund Management
- 1930 - Jacques Tits was born. Belgian mathematician
- 1931 - William Goldman was born. American screenwriter.
- 1932 - Charlie O'Donnell was born. American game show announcer
- 1932 - Somdej Phra Nangchao Sirikit Phra Boromarajininat was born. HM Queen Sirikit of Thailand
- 1933 - Parnelli Jones was born. American race car driver.
- 1934 - Hendrik Petrus Berlage dies (b. 1856). Dutch architect.
- 1935 - John Cazale was born (d. 1978). Italian-American actor.
- 1935 - Friedrich Schottky dies (b. 1851). German mathematician.
- 1937 - Walter Dean Myers was born. African-American author
- 1939 - George Hamilton was born. American actor
- 1939 - Roy Romanow was born. Canadian politician
- 1941 - Réjean Ducharme was born. Quebec novelist and playwright
- 1943 - Alleged date of the first Philadelphia Experiment test on United States Navy ship USS Eldridge.
- 1943 - Deborah Walley was born (d. 2001). American actress
- 1943 - Clara Nunes was born. Brazilian singer (samba).
- 1943 - Bobby Peel dies (b. 1857). English cricketer.
- 1944 - Waffen SS troops massacre more than 500 civil people in Sant'Anna di Stazzema.
- 1944 - Alençon liberated by General Leclerc, the first city in France to be liberated from the Nazis by the Allied forces.
- 1945 - Ty Wagner was born. American singer-songwriter
- 1947 - Sam Rosen was born. American sportscaster
- 1948 - Harry Brearley dies (b. 1871). English inventor of stainless steel.
- 1949 - Mark Knopfler was born. British guitarst (Dire-Straits).
- 1949 - Fernando Collor de Mello was born. President of Brazil
- 1950 - Jim Beaver was born. American actor and writer
- 1951 - Willie Horton was born. American murderer and rapist
- 1952 - The Night of Murdered Poets - Thirteen most prominent Jewish intellectuals were murdered in Moscow.
- 1952 - Chen Kaige was born. Chinese film director
- 1952 - David Bergelson dies (b. 1884). Yiddish language writer.
- 1953 - Nuclear testing: The Soviet atomic bomb project proceeded with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon.
- 1953 - Carlos Mesa was born. Presiden of Bolívia
- 1954 - Pat Metheny was born. American guitarist.
- 1954 - Sam J. Jones was born. American actor.
- 1955 - Thomas Mann dies (b. 6 Jun 1875). German writer, Nobel Prize laureate in 1929.
- 1955 - James B. Sumner dies (b. 1887). American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1956 - Bruce Greenwood was born. Canadian actor
- 1959 - Mike O'Neill dies (b. 1877). Irish-born American baseball player.
- 1960 - Echo I, the first communications satellite, launched
- 1960 - Laurent Fignon was born. French cyclist
- 1961 - Roy Hay was born. British guitarist and keyboardist (Culture Club)
- 1962 - Miss Cleo, was born.American psychic
- 1963 - Sir Mix A Lot was born. American Rapper
- 1964 - South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games due to its racist policy.
- 1964 - Charlie Wilson, one of the Great Train Robbers escapes from Winson Green Prison in Birmingham, England.
- 1964 - Ian Fleming dies (b. 1908). English novelist who was the creator of secret agent James Bond 007
- 1965 - Peter Krause was born. American actor
- 1966 - John Lennon apologized at a Chicago news conference for saying the Beatles were "more popular than Jesus."
- 1966 - Massacre of Braybrook Street as three policemen are shot dead in East Acton, London.
- 1967 - Regilio Tuur was born. Dutch boxer
- 1967 - Andrey Plotnikov was born. Russian race walker
- 1967 - Andy Hui was born. Hong Kong actor and singer
- 1968 - Andras Jones was born. American actor
- 1968 - Angus Walters dies (b. 1882). Canadian sailor.
- 1969 - Battle of the Bogside, Catholic community of Derry engage in two-day "battle" with Royal Ulster Constabulary.
- 1970 - Anthony Swofford was born. American novelist.
- 1970 - Jim Schlossnagle was born. American baseball coach.
- 1970 - Charles Mesure was born. British actor.
- 1971 - Michael Ian Black was born. American comedian.
- 1971 - Rebecca Gayheart was born. American actress.
- 1971 - Michael Ian Black was born. Comedian.
- 1971 - Pete Sampras was born. American tennis player.
- 1972 - The last American combat ground troops leave Vietnam.
- 1972 - Mark Kinsella was born. Irish footballer.
- 1972 - Takanohana was born. Sumo yokozuna.
- 1973 - Joseba Beloki was born. Spanish cyclist.
- 1973 - Jonathan Coachman was born. American professional wrestler and executive.
- 1973 - Todd Marchant was born. American ice hockey player.
- 1973 - Yvette Nicole Brown was born. American actress.
- 1973 - Grey DeLisle w2as born. American voice actress/American singer.
- 1973 - Richard Reid was born. English bomber.
- 1973 - Walter Rudolf Hess dies (b. 1881). German physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1974 - Matt Clement was born. American baseball player.
- 1975 - Portugal : É apresentado o documento COPCON. O Comando Operacional do Continente reforça o papel político das Assembleias Populares.
- 1975 - Casey Affleck was born. American actor.
- 1976 - Mikko Viljami "Linde" Lindström was born. Finnish guitarist.
- 1976 - Antoine Walker was born. American basketball player.
- 1976 - Brad Lukowich was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1976 - Richard McCourt was born. English childrens television presenter.
- 1976 - Antoine Walker was born. Basketball player.
- 1977 - The first free flight of the Space Shuttle Enterprise.
- 1977 - Plaxico Burress was born. American football player.
- 1977 - Jesper Grønkjær was born. Danish footballer.
- 1977 - Park Yong-ha was born. South Korean actor and singer.
- 1978 - Japan and China sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China.
- 1978 - Hayley Wickenheiser was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1978 - Chris Chambers was born. American Football player.
- 1979 - Cindy Klassen was born. Canadian speed skater.
- 1979 - Ernst Boris Chain dies (b. 1906). German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
- 1980 - Signing of the Montevideo Treaty, which established the Latin American Integration Association.
- 1980 - Dominique Swain was born. American actress.
- 1980 - Matt Thiessen was born. Canadian-born musician (Relient K).
- 1980 - Jade Villalon was born. American singer and songwriter.
- 1980 - Meghavi J. Bhavsar was born. Electrical engineer.
- 1981 - Release of the IBM PC or Personal Computer.
- 1981 - Djibril Cissé was born. French footballer.
- 1982 - Mexico announces it is unable to pay its enormous external debt, marking the beginning of a debt crisis that spread to all of Latin America and the Third World.
- 1982 - Alexandros Tzorvas was born. Greek footballer.
- 1982 - Henry Fonda dies (b. 1905). American actor (My darling Clementine).
- 1982 - Joe Tex (Joseph Arrington) dies (b. 1933). American singer.
- 1982 - Salvador Sanchez dies (b. 1959). Mexican boxer.
- 1982 - Varlam Shalamov dies (b. 1907). Russian writer.
- 1984 - Carlos Lopes ganha a maratona dos Jogos Olímpicos de Los Angeles.
- 1985 - Manfred Winkelhock dies (b. 1951). German race car driver.
- 1985 - Kyu Sakamoto dies in a plane crash (b. 1941). Japanese singer.
- 1985 - Japan Airlines Flight 123, a Boeing 747 jumbo jet, crashes into Mount Ogura in Gunma Prefecture Japan killing 520 in the world's worst single-plane air disaster. Four people miraculously survive.
- 1988 - Leah Pipes was born. American actress.
- 1988 - Jean-Michel Basquiat dies (b. 1960). Haitian-American artist.
- 1988 - Bhakti Raksaka Sridhara Deva Gosvami Maharaja dies (b. 1895). Religious Guru from India.
- 1989 - Samuel Okwaraji dies (b. 1964). Nigerian international footballer.
- 1989 - William Shockley dies (b. 1910). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1990 - Benim adopts new flag.
- 1990 - Dorothy Mackaill dies (b. 1903). British-born American actress.
- 1992 - Canada, Mexico, and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
- 1992 - John Cage dies (b. 1912). American composer.
- 1992 - Canada, Mexico and the United States announce completion of negotiations for NAFTA.
- 1994 - The Woodstock '94 rock concert takes place.
- 1994 - Major League Baseball players go on strike. The work stoppage will force the cancellation of the World Series.
- 1996 - Robert Gravel dies (b. 1945). French Canadian actor and theatrical director.
- 1997 - Luther Allison dies (b. 1939). American musician.
- 1998 - Swiss banks agree to pay $1.25 billion as restitution to Holocaust survivors to settle claims for their assets.
- 1999 - Jean Drapeau dies (b. 1916). Quebec politician, mayor of Montreal.
- 2000 - The Oscar class submarine K-141 Kursk of the Russian Navy exploded and sank in the Barents Sea during a military exercise.
- 2000 - Loretta Young dies (b. 1913). American actress.
- 2002 - Enos Slaughter dies (b. 1916). American baseball player.
- 2002 - Morre Helena Vaz da Silva (n. 3 Jul 1939). Jornalista portuguesa. Presidente do Centro Nacional de Cultura. Deputada europeia.
- 2002 - Enos Slaughter dies. Baseball player.
- 2002 - Ed Headrick dies. Developer of the Frisbee.
- 2004 - Sweden's nine millionth inhabitant is born.
- 2004 - Sir Godfrey Hounsfield dies (b. 1919). English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- 2004 - New Jersey Gov. James McGreevey comes out publicly as a gay man.
- 2004 - Peter Woodthorpe dies (b. 1931). British actor.
- 2004 - Sir Godfrey Hounsfield dies (b. 1919). English electrical engineer and inventor, Nobel Prize Laureate.
- 2005 - Sri Lanka's foreign minister, Lakshman Kadirgamar, is fatally shot by a sniper at his home.
- 2005 - An F2 tornado strikes the coal mining town of Wright, Wyoming, destroying nearly 100 homes and killing two people.
- 2005 - Civil unrest provoked in the Maldives.
- 2005 - John Loder dies (b. 1946). Co-founder of the anarcho-punk band CRASS.
- 2005 - Abertura oficial em Luanda (Angola) dos V Jogos Desportivos da Comunidade de Países da Língua Portuguesa (CPLP).
- Roman Catholicism - the feast of St. Clare.
- Zimbabwe - Defence Force Day.
- Glorious Twelfth at the Yorkshire Dales.
- United Nations - International Youth Day / Dia Internacional da Juventude. A 17 de Dezembro de 1999, a Assembléia Geral da ONU aprovou a recomendação da Conferência Mundial de Ministros da Juventude (Lisboa, 8-12 de Agosto de 1998) no sentido de que 12 de Agosto fosse declarado Dia Internacional da Juventude (resolução 54/120 I).
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