On this day in History - May 14

• 0649 - Theodore I ends his reign as Catholic Pope.
• 0964 - Pope John XII, [Octavianus], Pope (955-64), dies (b. circa 0937) .
• 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the de facto ruler of England.
• 1265 - Dante Alighieri was born (d. 1321). Italian poet.
• 1316 - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor was born (d. 1378).
• 1470 - Charles VIII of Sweden dies (b. 1409).
• 1483 - Coronation of Charles VIII of France (The Kind).
• 1493 - Início da construção da Catedral do Funchal.
• 1509 - Battle of Agnadello: In northern Italy, French forces defeat the Venetians.
• 1553 - Margaret of Valois was born (d. 1615). Queen of Henry IV of France.
• 1574 - Guru Amar Das dies (b. 1479). Third Sikh Guru.
• 1607 - Jamestown, Virginia is settled as an English colony. Three very small ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery, sailed across the ocean blue from Plymouth, England to a place the ship’s crew and passengers called Jamestown. Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States. It became the capital of Virginia and remained so through 1699.
• 1608 - Protestant Union founded in Auhausen.
• 1608 - Charles III, Duke of Lorraine dies (b. 1543).
• 1610 - París: el fanático católico François Ravaillac apuñala a Enrique IV, rey de Francia.
• 1610 - King Henry IV of France dies assassinated (b. 1553).
• 1643 - King Louis XIII of France dies (b. 1601) .
• 1643 - Four year-old Louix XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII.
• 1649 - Friedrich Spanheim dies (b. 1600). Dutch theologian.
• 1666 - Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia was born (d. 1732).
• 1669 - Georges de Scudéry dies (b. 1601). French writer.
• 1679 - Peder Horrebow was born (d. 1764). Danish astronomer.
• 1686 - Gabriel Fahrenheit was born (d. 1736). German physicist.
• 1688 - Antoine Furetière dies (b. 1619). French writer.
• 1699 - Hans Joachim von Zieten was born (d. 1786). Prussian field marshal.
• 1701 - William Emerson was born (d. 1782). English mathematician.
• 1703 - David Brearly was born (d. 1782). Delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention.
• 1706 - Comienza el sitio de Turín (Italia).
• 1710 - King Adolf Frederick of Sweden was born (d. 1771).
• 1727 - Thomas Gainsborough was born (d. 2 Aug 1788). English artist : The Blue Boy, The Watering Place;
• 1747 - British fleet under Admiral George Anson defeats French at first battle of Cape Finisterre.
• 1752 - Timothy Dwight was born (d. 1817). American theologian.
• 1754 - Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée dies (b. 1692). French writer.
• 1761 - Thomas Simpson dies (b. 1710). British mathematician.
• 1771 - Robert Owen was born (d. 1858). Welsh social reformer.
• 1787 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, delegates begin to meet to write a new Constitution for the United States.
• 1796 - Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination.
• 1804 - The Lewis and Clark Expedition departs from Camp Dubois and begin their historic journey by traveling up the Missouri River.
• 1811 - Paraguay gains independence from Spain.
• 1814 - Regresa a España, Fernando VII, después de haber sufrido cautiverio en Francia. Anula el gobierno representativo y deroga la Constitución de Cádiz de 1812.
• 1818 - Matthew Lewis dies (b. 1775). Novelist.
• 1832 - Rudolf Lipschitz was born (d. 1903). German mathematician.
• 1840 - Lars Frederik Nilson dies (b. 27 May 1840) . Chemist who discovered (1879) the oxide of scandium, scandia, in the rare-earth minerals gadolinite and euxenite. The existence of the element had been predicted by Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1871) who tentatively called it ekaboron.
• 1847 - Fanny Mendelssohn dies (b. 1805). Composer and pianist, sister of Felix.
• 1860 - Ludwig Bechstein dies (b. 1801). German writer.
• 1861 - The Canellas meteorite, an 859-gram chondrite-type meteorite strikes the earth near Barcelona, Spain.
• 1862 - Adolphe Nicole of Switzerland patented the chronograph - a timepiece that allows for split-second timing of sporting events.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Jackson (MS).
• 1863 - John Charles Fieldswas born (d. 9 Aug 1932. American mathematician who originated the idea, postumously given his name - for the Fields Medal. It became the most prestigious award for mathematicians, often referred to as the equivalent of a Nobel Prize for mathematicians.
• 1867 - Kurt Eisner was born (d. 1919). German politician and publicist.
• 1868 - Japanese Boshin War: End of the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle, former Shogunate forces withdraw northward to Aizu by way of Nikkō.
• 1869 - Friedrich Karl Kleine was born (d. 1951). Physician.
• 1870 - The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
• 1872 - Mikhail Semyonovich Tswett was born (d.26 Jun 1919). Russian botanist, the "father of chromatography," who developed and named the adsorption chromatography technique of separating plant pigments by extracting them from leaves with ether and alcohol and percolating the solution through a column of calcium carbonate.
• 1873 - Gideon Brecher dies (b. 1797). Austrian physician and writer.
• 1878 - The trademarked name Vaseline (for a brand of petroleum jelly) was registered by Robert A. Chesebrough.
• 1878 - James L. Wilkinson was born (d. 1964). American baseball executive.
• 1880 - Wilhelm List was born (d. 1971). German field marshal.
• 1881 - G. Murray Hulbert was born (d. 1950). American politician.
• 1881 - Ed Walsh was born (d. 1959). American baseball player.
• 1884 - Claude Dornier was born (d. 1969). Aircraft designer.
• 1885 - Otto Klemperer was born (d. 1973). Conductor.
• 1887 - Lysander Spooner dies (b. 1808). American philosopherIndividualist anarchist.
• 1889 - The children's charity the NSPCC is launched in London.
• 1889 - Volney E. Howard dies (b. 1809). American politician.
• 1890 - Alex Pompez was born (d. 1974). American baseball executive.
• 1892 - Vitesse 1892 soccer team forms in Arnhem.
• 1893 - Ernst Kummer dies (b. 29 Jan 1810). German mathematician whose introduction of ideal numbers, which are defined as a special subgroup of a ring, extended the fundamental theorem of arithmetic to complex number fields.
• 1897 - A statue of George Washington was unveiled in Philadelphia, PA. To commemorate the occasion, John Philip Sousa’s march, The Stars and Stripes Forever, was performed. It was the first public performance for Sousa’s march and the President of the U.S., William McKinley, was in the audience.
• 1897 - El físico Giuglielmo Marconi realiza la primera transmisión de radio de la historia.
• 1897 - Sidney Bechet was born (d. 1959). American jazz musician.
• 1899 - Pierre Victor Auger was born (d. 1993). French physicist.
• 1900 - The 1900 Summer Olympics open in Paris.
• 1904 - The Olympic Games opened in St. Louis, MO. It marked the first time that the games were held in the United States.
• 1904 - Hans Albert Einstein was born (d. 1973). American professor.
• 1904 - Marcel Junod was born (d. 1961). Swiss physician.
• 1906 - Carl Schurz dies (b. 1829). German revolutionist and American statesman.
• 1907 - Ayub Khan was born (d. 1974). President of Pakistan.
• 1907 - Johnny Moss was born (d. 1995). American poker player.
• 1912 - King Frederick VIII of Denmark dies (b. 1843).
• 1912 - August Strindberg dies (b. 1849). Swedish author (Deaddans).
• 1913 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100 million donation from John D. Rockefeller.
• 1914 - The Hellenic Holocaust starts, according to an official document from Talaat Bey (Minister of the Interior) to the prefect of Smyrna.
• 1915 - Tumultos violentos em Lisboa com assalto a armazéns e a padarias de multidões à procura de comida. O movimento revolucionário, com participação de militares e civis, que acompanha estes distúrbios é reprimido violentamente, provocando centenas de mortes e feridos. O governo ditatorial de Pimenta de Castro é demitido.
• 1916 - Del Moore was born (d. 1970). American comedian.
• 1917 - Hacen su entrada triunfal a la población de Ojinaga, Chihuahua, las fuerzas revolucionarias maderistas de Francisco Villa.
• 1917 - Lou Harrison was born (d. 2003). American composer.
• 1918 - James Hardy was born (d. 19 Feb 2003). American surgeon who headed teams that performed the first human lung transplant in 1963; the first animal-to-human heart transplant in 1964; and a double-lung transplant that left the heart in place in 1987 .
• 1918 - James Gordon Bennett, Jr. dies (b. 1841). American newspaper publisher.
• 1919 - Henry John Heinz dies (b. 11 Oct 1844). Business man, founder of the H. J. Heinz Company.
• 1919 - John Hope was born (d. 2002). American meteorologist.
• 1919 - Solange Chaput-Rolland was born (d. 2001). French Canadian journalist, author and politician.
• 1920 - O Museo Nacional de Pintura y Escultura passa a ser o Museo Nacional del Prado
• 1921 - Richard Deacon was born (d. 1984). American actor.
• 1921 - Arve Opsahl was born (d. 2007). Norwegian actor.
• 1922 - Franjo Tuđman was born (d. 1999). President of Croatia.
• 1923 - Charles de Freycinet, French prime minister (b. 1828)
• 1924 - Joly Braga Santos was born in Lisbon in 1924 (d. 1988). Portuguese composer.
• 1924 - Enrico Barone dies (b. 22 Dec 1859). Italian mathematical economist who built on the general equilibrium theory of Léon Walras and was instrumental in convincing Walras to incorporate variable production techniques - and, by extension, marginal productivity theory - into the Walras theory.
• 1925 - H. Rider Haggard dies (b. 1856). English author.
• 1926 - Eric Morecambe was born (d. 1984). British comedian.
• 1927 - Cap Arcona is launched at the Blohm + Voss shipyard in Hamburg.
• 1929 - Wilfred Rhodes takes his 4000th first-class wicket during a performance of 9 for 39 at Leyton.
• 1929 - Gump Worsley was born. Canadian hockey player.
• 1931 - Ådalen shootings, five people are killed in Ådalen, Sweden, as soldiers open fire on an unarmed trade union manifestation.
• 1931 - Alvin Lucier was born. American composer.
• 1931 - Proclamadas as Repúblicas de Espanha e da Catalunha.
• 1931 - David Belasco dies (b. 1853). American theatrical producer and playwright.
• 1931 - Denys Finch Hatton dies (b. 1887). English big-game hunter.
• 1934 - Siân Phillips was born. Welsh actress.
• 1934 - Lou Criger, American baseball player (b. 1872)
• 1935 - The Filipinos ratify an independence agreement.
• 1935 - Northamptonshire County Cricket Club gains (over Somerset at Taunton by 48 runs) what proved to be their last victory for 99 matches, easily a record in the County Championship. Their next Championship win was not until 29 May, 1939.
• 1935 - Estados Unidos: Carl Magee inventa el parquímetro.
• 1936 - Bobby Darin (Cassoto) was born (d. 20 Dec 1973). American Grammy Award-winning singer: Mack the Knife [1959]; Splish Splash, Dream Lover, You Must Have Been a Beautiful Baby, Things, If I Were a Carpenter; inducted into Rock and Roll Hall of Fame [1990]; actor: Captain Newman, M.D., If a Man Answers, Come September;
• 1936 - Charlie Gracie was born. American singer
• 1936 - Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby dies (b. 1861). British general.
• 1939 - Lina Medina, becomes the world's youngest confirmed mother in medical history at the age of five.
• 1940 - World War II: Rotterdam is bombed by the German Luftwaffe.
• 1940 - World War II: The Netherlands surrender to Germany.
• 1940 - Troy Shondell was born. American singer.
• 1940 - Emma Goldman dies (b. 1869). Lithuanian-born anarchist.
• 1942 - Byron Dorgan was born. U.S. Senator.
• 1942 - Tony Pérez was born. Cuban baseball player.
• 1942 - Valeriy Brumel was born (d. 2003). Soviet athlete.
• 1942 - Byron Dorgan was born. Politician.
• 1943 - Sinking of the Australian Hospital Ship Centaur off the coast of Queensland, by a Japanese submarine.
• 1943 - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson was born. President of Iceland .
• 1943 - Henri La Fontaine dies (b. 1854). Belgium politics. Nobel Prize for Peace - 1913 .
• 1943 - Jack Bruce was born. Scottish bassist (Cream)
• 1943 - Derek Leckenby was born (d. 1994). British musician (Herman's Hermits)
• 1943 - Elizabeth Ray was born. American sex scandal figure
• 1944 - George Lucas was born. American film director and producer (Star Wars series, Indiana Jones series, American Graffiti).
• 1945 - Yochanan Vollach was born. Former Israeli football player and current president of the Maccabi Haifa association
• 1945 - Heber J. Grant dies (b. 1856). President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• 1946 - Eric Peterson was born. Canadian actor.
• 1947 - Tamara Dobson was born (d. 2006). American actress.
• 1948 - Israel declares itself to be an independent state and a provisional government is established.
• 1948 - The murder of a three-year-old girl in Blackburn, England leads to the fingerprinting of more than 40,000 men in the city in an attempt to find the murderer.
• 1948 - Bob Woolmer was born. English cricket coach.
• 1952 - David Byrne was born in Dumbarton, Scotland. Singer, songwriter, and guitarist (Talking Heads) .
• 1952 - Robert Zemeckis was born. American Academy Award-winning director: Forrest Gump [1994]; Death Becomes Her, Back to the Future trilogy, Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Romancing the Stone, Used Cars, I Wanna Hold Your Hand; script writer [w/Bob Gale]: 1941; executive producer: Tales from the Crypt.
• 1952 - David Byrne was born. Scottish-American musician (Talking Heads)
• 1952 - Scott Irwin was born. American professional wrestler
• 1953 - Tom Cochrane was born. Canadian musician (Red Rider)
• 1953 - Norodom Sihamoni was born. King of Cambodia.
• 1954 - Heinz Guderian dies (b. 17 Jun 1888). General Nazi.
• 1955 - Cold War: Eight communist bloc countries including the Soviet Union sign a mutual defence treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
• 1955 - Dennis Martinez was born. Nicaraguan baseball player.
• 1955 - Betty Ann Davies dies at 44. Actress [The Passionate Friends (1949)
• 1957 - Leon White was born. American professional wrestler.
• 1957 - Marie Vassilieff dies (b. 1884). Russian artist.
• 1959 - Patrick Bruel was born. French singer.
• 1959 - Steve Hogarth was born. British singer (Marillion)
• 1959 - Rick Vaive was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1959 - Sidney Bechet dies (b. 1897). American jazz musician.
• 1960 - Steve Williams was born. American wrestler.
• 1961 - American civil rights movement: Freedom Riders bus is fire-bombed near Anniston, Alabama and the civil rights protestors are beaten by an angry mob.
• 1961 - Tim Roth was born. English actor (Reservoir Dogs, Vincent & Theo)
• 1961 - Jean Leclerc was born. Quebec singer and songwriter.
• 1961 - Alain Vigneault was born. French Canadian ice hockey head coach
• 1962 - Princess Sophia of Greece weds Don Juan Carlos of Spain.
• 1962 - C.C. DeVille was born. American musician (Poison).
• 1962 - Ian Astbury was born. English singer (The Cult).
• 1963 - Kuwait is 111th member of the United Nations.
• 1963 - Pat Borders was born. American baseball player
• 1965 - Eoin Colfer was born. Irish writer.
• 1966 - Mike Inez was born. American bassist.
• 1966 - Fabrice Morvan was born. French music artist.
• 1966 - Raphael Saadiq was born. American music artist.
• 1967 - Tony Siragusa was born. American football player.
• 1968 - Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (b. 1882)
• 1969 - Abortion & contraception legalized in Canada.
• 1969 - Cate Blanchett was born. Australian actress.
• 1969 - Danny Wood was born. American singer (New Kids on the Block)
• 1969 - Frederick Lane dies (b. 1888). Australian swimmer.
• 1970 - The Red Army Faction is established in Germany.
• 1970 - Billie Burke dies (b. 1884). American actress.
• 1971 - Sofia Coppola was born. American film director, producer, writer and actress.
• 1972 - Mark Ruskell was born. England-born Scottish politician.
• 1973 - Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.
• 1973 - Anais Granofsky was born. Canadian actress and director.
• 1973 - Jean Gebser dies (b. 1905). German-born author, linguist and poet.
• 1974 - Em Portugal o general Spinola assume o alto magistrado de Presidente da República .
• 1974 - Jennifer Allan was born. American model.
• 1975 - Dynamo Kiev wins 15th Europe Cup winners Cup.
• 1976 - Martine McCutcheon was born. British actress.
• 1976 - Hunter Burgan was born. American musician (AFI)
• 1976 - Brian Lawrence was born. American baseball player.
• 1976 - Keith Relf dies (b. 1943). British singer and musician (The Yardbirds).
• 1977 - In Milan, Italy, during a demonstration of the far-left, a hooded extremist shoots at police, killing a policeman, Antonino Custrà. The scene is photographed and the picture of the hooded man shooting in the middle of the street will appear in many magazines around the world.
• 1977 - Ada Nicodemou was born. Australian actress.
• 1977 - Roy Halladay was born. American baseball player.
• 1978 - First round of the presidential elections in Upper Volta.
• 1978 - Andre Macanga was born. Angolan footballer
• 1978 - Henry Garza was born. American singer and guitarist (Los Lonely Boys)
• 1978 - Robert Menzies dies (b. 1894). Twelfth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1979 - Clinton Morrison was born. England-born Irish footballer.
• 1979 - Carlos Tenorio was born. Ecuadorian footballer.
• 1980 - Roger J. Traynor dies (b. 1900). American judge.
• 1980 - Valencia wins 20th Europe Cup Winners Cup .
• 1981 - Sarbel was born. Greek-born singer
• 1982 - Guinea adopts constitution.
• 1982 - Hugh Beaumont dies (b. 1909). American actor.
• 1983 - Muere en la ciudad de México, el licenciado Miguel Alemán Valdés, quien fuera presidente de México en el período de 1946 a 1952. El licenciado Alemán nació en Sayula, Veracruz, el 24 de septiembre de 1903.
• 1983 - Rosa Mota (Portugal) runs female world record 20k (1:06:55.5) .
• 1983 - Amber Tamblyn was born. American actress.
• 1983 - Tom Welham was born. British musician (Thirteen Senses)
• 1983 - Uroš Slokar was born. Slovenian basketball player.
• 1983 - Roger J. Traynor dies (b. 1900). American judge.
• 1985 - Mohammed Munir, Indonesian worker's union leader, dies executed.
• 1986 - Formula One Italian driver Elio De Angelis has a terrible crash with his Brabham at the Paul Ricard circuit in France during a test session. He will die the next day at the Marseille hospital.
• 1987 - Rita Hayworth dies (b. 1918). American actress.
• 1988 - Carrollton bus disaster: A drunk driver going the wrong way on Interstate 71 near Carrollton, Kentucky, USA hits a converted school bus carrying a church youth group. The crash and ensuing fire kill 27.
• 1988 - Willem Drees dies (b. 1886). Dutch prime-minister.
• 1989 - Carlos Menem wins Presidential elections in Argentina.
• 1990 - Nothing Compares 2 U - Sinead O’Connor is in the Top Charters (nº. 1).
• 1990 - Emily Samuelson was born. American ice dancer.
• 1991 - Jiang Qing dies (suicide) (b. 1914). Wife of Mao Zedong.
• 1992 - Lyle Alzado dies (b. 1949). American football player.
• 1992 - Nie Rongzhen dies (b. 1899). Chinese Communist military leader.
• 1993 - Miranda Cosgrove was born. American actress.
• 1994 - O Benfica vai ao Estádio José de Alvalade vencer o seu rival por 6-3 num jogo histórico com João Pinto a marcar três golos e a fazer uma das suas maiores (senão a maior) exibição. O Benfica viria a sagrar-se nessa época Campeão Nacional.
• 1995 - Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, proclaims six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the eleventh reincarnation of the Panchen Lama.
• 1995 - Christian B. Anfinsen dies (b. 1916). American biochemist who, with Stanford Moore and William H. Stein, received the 1972 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for research on the shape and primary structure of ribonuclease (the enzyme that hydrolyses RNA).
• 1997 - Harry Blackstone Jr. dies (b. 1934). American magician.
• 1997 - Se forma la empresa Star Alliance entre Air Canada, Lufthansa, SAS, Thai Airways International y United Airlines.
• 1998 - After nine years on the air, the series finale of the television sitcom Seinfeld is aired on NBC.
• 1998 - The finale of Seinfeld airs on NBC, with 76 million viewers tuning in.
• 1998 - Frank Sinatra dies (b. 1915). American singer and actor.
• 1998 - Marjory Stoneman Douglas dies (b. 1890). American conservationist.
• 2000 - Obuchi Keizo dies (b. 1937). Japanese prime minister.
• 2001 - Cabo Verde ratifica o Tratado de Banimento das Minas Terrestres.
• 2002 - Ten members of the Darwin-based Network Against Prohibition invade the Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory of Australia.
• 2002 - Portugal torna-se membro da International Whaling Commission
• 2003 - Dave DeBusschere dies (b. 1940). American basketball player.
• 2003 - Wendy Hiller dies (b. 1912). British actress.
• 2003 - Robert Stack dies (b. 1919). American actor.
• 2004 - The marriage of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark and Mary Donaldson takes place in Copenhagen.
• 2004 - Piers Morgan is fired as editor of the Daily Mirror, when photographs that had been published in the newspaper of alleged abuse of Iraqi prisoners by British soldiers were proved to be fake.
• 2004 - Insurgents or terrorists in Iraq detonate a 155 mm shell containing several liters of binary precursors for sarin. The shell was designed to mix the chemicals as it spun during flight and the explosion failed to mix them properly. Although it only resulted in a small release of sarin, two U.S. soldiers are treated for exposure after displaying the early symptoms.
• 2004 - The Constitutional Court of South Korea overturns the impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun.
• 2004 - Post-guerra en Iraq: Muqtada Al Sadr declara la jihad contra las tropas invasoras estadounidenses.
• 2004 - A FIFA anuncia que a Copa do Mundo de 2010 será na África do Sul
• 2004 - Anna Lee dies (b. 1913). British actress.
• 2005 - Portugal: Benfica beat Sporting 1-0 in Estádio da Luz and take the first place. Next week would be consacrated winner of the Championship with a draw against Boavista.
• 2005 - Pope Benedict XVI observes his first beatification, elevating Blessed Marianne of Molokai on the road to canonization into sainthood.
• 2005 - Ex-America (CV-66), a decommissioned supercarrier of the United States Navy, is deliberately sunk in the Atlantic Ocean after four weeks of live-fire exercises. She is the largest ship ever to be disposed of as a target in a military exercise.
• 2006 - Much of New England is hit with a massive flood, forcing people out of their homes and causing millions of dollars worth of damage.
• 2006 - Lew Anderson dies (b. 1922). American actor and bandleader.
• 2006 - Stanley Kunitz dies (b. 1905). American poet.
• 2007 - Filipino's head to the polls to elect 17,889 public officials in the Philippine mid-term elections.
• Paraguay - Flag Day
• Israel - Yom Ha'atzma'ut, or Israeli Independence Day. The observed date of this national holiday is determined by the Jewish Calendar.