On this day in History - Oct. 12
- 0632 - Edwin of Deira dies. King of Northumbria and Bretwalda
- 0638 - Pope Honorius I dies. Pope Severinus elected
- 0642 - Pope John IV dies
- 1008 - Emperor Go-Ichijō was born (d. 1036). Emperor of Japan.
- 1095 - Leopold II of Austria dies (b. 1050)
- 1176 - William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel dies. English politician
- 1216 - King John lost his crown jewels in The Wash, probably near Fosdyke, perhaps near Sutton Bridge
- 1320 - Michael IX Palaeologus dies. Co-ruling Eastern Roman Emperor
- 1359 - Dmitry Donskoy was born (d. 1389). Grand Prince of Moscovia and Prince of Vladimir
- 1490 - Bernardo Pisano was born (d. 1548). Italian composer.
- 1491 - Fritz Herlen dies. German artist
- 1492 - Christopher Columbus's expedition, sailing for Spain’s Queen Isabel, makes landfall in the Caribbean. The explorer believes he has reached East Asia
- 1492 - Piero della Francesca dies. Italian painter
- 1537 - King Edward VI of England was born (d. 1553)
- 1558 - Archduke Maximilian III of Austria was born (d. 1618)
- 1565 - Jean Ribault dies (b. 1520). French explorer and colonizer
- 1576 - Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor dies (b. 1527). Rudolf II, the king of Hungary and Bohemia, succeeded his father, Maximillian II, as Holy Roman Emperor.
- 1576 - Thomas Dudley was born (d. 1653). Massachusetts colonial magistrate
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1590 - Kano Eitoku dies (b. 1543). Japanese painter.
- 1600 - Luis Molina dies (b. 1535). Spanish Jesuit
- 1602 - William Chillingworth was born (d. 1644). English churchman
- 1632 - Kutsuki Mototsuna dies (b. 1549). Japanese samurai commander
- 1646 - François de Bassompierre dies (b. 1579). Marshal of France
- 1654 - The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100.
- 1678 - Edmund Berry Godfrey dies (b. 1621). English magistrate.
- 1679 - William Gurnall dies (b. 1617).English writer
- 1681 - A London woman is publicly flogged for the crime of "involving herself in politics"
- 1685 - Christoph Ignaz Abele dies (b. 1628). Austrian jurist
- 1692 - Giovanni Battista Vitali dies. Italian violinist and composer.
- 1709 - After a democratic voting, La Villa de San Francisco de Cuéllar was founded, which with time turned into San Felipe del Real Chihuahua and now it is known as the city of Chihuahua.
- 1730 - King Frederick IV of Denmark dies (b. 1671)
- 1746 - Lobo de Mesquita (José Joaquim Emerico Lobo de Mesquita) was born in Vila do Príncipe, Minas Gerais (d. 1805). Brazilian composer.
- 1758 - Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth dies (b. 1680). British field marshal.
- 1773 - America's first insane asylum opens for 'Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds' in Virginia
- 1775 - The United States Navy is formed.
- 1792 - First celebration of Columbus Day in the USA held in New York / The first monument honoring Christopher Columbus was dedicated in Baltimore.
- 1792 - Christian Gottlob Gmelin was born (d. 1860). German chemist.
- 1793 - The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid on the campus of the University of North Carolina
- 1798 - Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (Pedro IV of Portugal) was born.
- 1801 - Friedrich Frey-Herosé was born (d. 1873). Swiss Federal Councilor.
- 1808 - D. João VI funda o Banco do Brasil
- 1810 - First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese von Sachsen-Hildburghausen.
- 1810 - Nísia Floresta was born (d. 1885). Brazilian writer and poetess
- 1822 - Brazil declared his independence from Portugal, Peter I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor of Brazilian Empire./O Brasil oficialmente declara a sua independência de Portugal. Pedro I do Brasil é proclamado Imperador do Brasil.
- 1825 - Franz Joseph Müller von Reichenstein dies (b. 1740 or 1742). Austrian minerologist who discovered tellurium.
- 1831 - Álvares de Azevedo (Manuel Antônio Álvares de Azevedo) was born in São Paulo. Brazilian poet.
- 1835 - Diogo Feijó assume a regência do Império do Brasil
- 1840 - Helena Modrzejewska was born (d. 1909). Polish-American actress.
- 1845 - Elizabeth Fry dies (b. 1780). British social reformer and philanthropist.
- 1847 - Ernst Werner von Siemens funda empresa de eletrônica que leva seu sobrenome
- 1850 - The first women's medical college opens, in Pennsylvania.
- 1850 - Pedro de Sousa Holstein dies (b. 1781). Portuguese militar and politician.
- 1855 - Arthur Nikisch was born. Hungary conductor and violinist
- 1859 - Self-described "Emperor of the United States" Joshua A. Norton 'orders' the U.S. Congress to dissolve
- 1860 - Elmer Sperry was born (d. 1930). American inventor.
- 1862 - Bartolomé Mitre assume a presidência da Argentina
- 1865 - Arthur Harden was born (d. 1940). English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1866 - Ramsay MacDonald was born (d. 1937). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- 1868 - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento toma posse como presidente da Argentina
- 1870 - Robert E. Lee dies (b. 1807). American Confederate general
- 1872 - Ralph Vaughan Williams was born (d. 1958). English composer
- 1875 - Aleister Crowley was born (d. 1947). English occultist and author.
- 1880 - Julio A. Roca assume a presidência da Argentina.
- 1888 - Abel Manta was born in Gouveia (d. 1982). Portuguese painter.
- 1890 - Nascimento, em Lisboa, de Luís de Freitas Branco (m. 1955). Compositor português (Paraísos Artificiais, Vathek)
- 1891 - Edith Stein was born (d. 1942). German religious canonized in 1998.
- 1892 - To mark 400 anniversary Columbus Day holiday, the Pledge of Allegiance was first recited in unison by students in US public schools
- 1896 - Eugenio Montale was born (d. 1981). Italian poet, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1898 - Calvin Fairbank dies (b. 1816).American abolitionist minister
- 1901 - Santos Dumont, com seu Balão nº 6, dá a volta em torno da Torre Eiffel, percorrendo 11 quilômetros
- 1904 - Ding Ling was born (d. 1986). Chinese writer.
- 1905 - Joseph Kosma was born († 1969). Hungary-born French composer
- 1906 - Joe Cronin was born (d. 1984). Baseball player.
- 1908 - Ann Petry was born (d. 1997). American novelist.
- 1909 - Coritiba Foot Ball Club is founded.
- 1912 - Alice Childress is born in Charleston, South Carolina (d. 1994). Actress, playright and novelist
- 1915 - World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium
- 1915 - Edith Cavell dies (b. 1865). English nurse
- 1917 - The First Battle of Passchendaele
- 1918 - Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oíza was born. Spanish architect.
- 1919 - Doris Miller was born (d. 1943). African American cook in the United States Navy
- 1923 - Jean Nidetch was born. Founder of Weight Watchers
- 1923 - Fernando Sabino was born (d. 11 Oct 2004). Brazilian writer and journalist.
- 1923 - É estabelecida a Academia Costarricense de la Lengua.
- 1924 - Doris Grau was born (d. 1995). American actress
- 1924 - Anatole France dies (b. 1844). French author, Nobel Prize laureate in 1921
- 1924 - Fundação da Asociación Colombiana de Fútbol
- 1926 - Cesar Pelli was born. American architect.
- 1927 - É estabelecida a Academia Dominicana de la Lengua.
- 1928 - João Rui de Sousa was born in Lisbon. Portuguese poet who awarded the Prémio de Poesia do PEN Clube Português (2002), and the Prémio da Crítica do Centro Português da AICL, the same year / Nasce, em Lisboa, João Rui de Sousa. Poeta português. Fundou a revista "Cassiopeia". É autor, entre outros, de Sonetos de Cogitação e Êxtase
- 1931 - Inauguração do Monumento do Cristo Redentor no Rio de Janeiro (Brasil).
- 1932 - Dick Gregory was born. American comedian and civil rights activist
- 1933 - The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz Island, is acquired by the United States Department of Justice
- 1935 - Luciano Pavarotti was born. Emmy Award-winning opera star (tenor)
- 1938 - Filming starts on The Wizard of Oz
- 1939 - Fulvio Stefanini was born in São Paulo. Brazilian TV star. Actor.
- 1940 - Tom Mix dies (b. 1880). American actor
- 1942 - Vitória dos Americanos sobre os Japoneses em Guadalcanal
- 1942 - The USS Duncan is sunk by Japanese naval gunfire at the Battle of Cape Esperance
- 1942 - Melvin Franklin was born. Musician (The Temptations)
- 1943 - Segunda Guerra Mundial: Portugal divulga assinatura do Acordo Luso-Britânico que concede ao Reino Unido instalações militares nos Açores
- 1943 - Vítor Constâncio was born. Portuguese economist and politician.
- 1944 - Angela Rippon was born. British television personality
- 1946 - Joseph Stilwell dies (b. 1883). U.S. general
- 1948 - Rick Parfitt was born. Musician (Status Quo)
- 1950 - Susan Anton was born. American actress
- 1950 - Kaga Takeshi was born. Japanese actor
- 1953 - Serge Lepeltier was born. French politician
- 1953 - Les Dennis was born. British comedian and television presenter
- 1953 - The Caine Mutiny Court Martial opens at Plymouth Theatre, New York
- 1954 - George Welch dies (b. 1918). American pilot
- 1955 - Ante Gotovina was born. Croatian general
- 1956 - Don Lorenzo Perosi dies (b. 1872).Italian composer.
- 1957 - Lester B. Pearson received The Nobel Peace Prize
- 1957 - Sérgio Malandro was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian comedian.
- 1957 - Fernando Semana was born in Valbom, Gondomar. Portuguese economist and tax manager. / Nasce, em Valbom, concelho de Gondomar, Fernando Semana. Economista e fiscalista português.
- 1958 - Gordon Griffith dies (b. 1907). American actor, director, and producer.
- 1959 - At the national congress of APRA in Peru a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party. They will later form APRA Rebelde.
- 1960 - Cold War: Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a table at a General Assembly of the United Nations meeting to protest discussion of Soviet Union policy toward Eastern Europe
- 1960 - Piero Taruffi was born. Race car driver.
- 1962 - Infamous Columbus Day Storm strikes the U.S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities; 46 dead and at least U.S. $230 million in damages.
- 1964 - Leonid Brejnev substituí Nikita Khrushchev como secretário geral do Partido Comunista da União Soviética
- 1964 - The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits
- 1964 - Golpe de Estado contra o General Nguyen Khanh no Vietname do Sul sendo o poder tomado pelos militares
- 1965 - Paul Hermann Müller dies (b. 1899). Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1966 - René Lacoste dies (b. 1904). French tennis player.
- 1966 - Wim Jonk was born. Dutch soccer star, Ajax
- 1966 - Roberto Néstor Sensini was born. Argentine football player.
- 1966 - Golpe militar de 1964: 6 deputados do MDB são cassados
- 1967 - Vietnam War: US Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives were futile because of North Vietnam's opposition.
- 1968 - Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain
- 1968 - Anos de Chumbo: polícia invade congresso da UNE em Ibiúna e prende 1.240 estudantes, dentre estes, o líder da União Estadual de Estudantes de Minas Gerais José Dirceu
- 1968 - Hugh Jackman was born. Australian actor and singer
- 1968 - Adam Rich was born. American actor
- 1969 - Martie Maguire was born. American musician (Dixie Chicks)
- 1969 - Sonja Henie dies (b. 1912). Norwegian figure skater.
- 1970 - Kirk Cameron was born. American actor
- 1970 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas
- 1970 - Tanyon Sturtze was born. Baseball player
- 1970 - Mustafa Zaidi dies (b. 1930). Pakistani poet.
- 1971 - Dean Acheson dies (b. 1893). U.S. Secretary of State
- 1971 - Gene Vincent dies (b. 1935). Pioneering American rock'n'roll musician.
- 1971 -"Jesus Christ Superstar" opens at Mark Hellinger New York City for 711 performances
- 1971 - Fundação do Madureira Esporte Clube
- 1971 - Cláudia Abreu was born. Brazilian actress.
- 1971 - Dean Acheson dies (b. 1893). U.S. Secretary of State.
- 1971 - Gene Vincent dies (b. 1935). American musician.
- 1972 - En route to her station in the Gulf of Tonkin, a racial brawl involving more than 100 sailors breaks out aboard the United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk
- 1972 - Irina Pantaeva was born. Russian supermodel and actress
- 1973 - Jaume d'Urgell was born. Spanish writer.
- 1973 - Juan Peron was elected again President of Argentina
- 1974 - Stephen Lee was born. English snooker player
- 1975 - Marion Jones was born. American athlete
- 1975 - Karmyn Tyler was born in Shreveport Louisiana. Miss America-Louisiana 1996
- 1976 - Sarah Lane was born. American television personality
- 1976 - The People's Republic of China announces that Hua Guofeng is the successor to the late Mao Tse-tung as chairman of Communist Party of China
- 1977 - Jordan Pundik was born. American singer (New Found Glory)
- 1977 - Carmen Carrillo Vilanova was born. Miss El Salvador Universe 1997.
- 1978 - Nancy Spungen dies (b. 1958). Girlfriend of Sex Pistol Sid Vicious.
- 1981 - Shola Ameobi was born. English football player
- 1982 - Molly Bennett was born. Irish folk singer
- 1983 - Japan's ex Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed and is sentenced to 4 years in jail
- 1983 - The Grand Wizard of Wrestling dies. Wrestling manager
- 1984 - Brighton hotel bombing: Margaret Thatcher survives an IRA bomb, which shredded her bathroom barely two minutes after she had left it
- 1984 - Sir Anthony Berry dies (b. 1925). British politician (bombing victim)
- 1985 - Johnny Olson dies (b. 1910). American game show announcer
- 1985 - Ricky Wilson dies (b. 1953). American musician; member of The B-52's
- 1986 - Morre o poeta Ruy Cinatti (n. em Londres, 08 Mar 1915), cuja ascendência era portuguesa e italiana (Meditação).
- 1987 - Oscar Arias (Costa Rican President) wins Nobel Peace Prize
- 1987 - Alf Landon dies (b. 1887). Governor of Kansas
- 1987 - Fahri Koruturk dies (b. 1903). President of Turkey
- 1988 - Two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down executional style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia
- 1988 - Ruth Manning-Sanders dies (b. 1895).Author of children's books
- 1989 - Carmen Cavallaro dies (b. 1913). American popular pianist (b. 1913)
- 1991 - Askar Akayev, previously chosen President of Kyrgyzstan by republic's Supreme Soviet, is confirmed president in an uncontested poll.
- 1991 - Steven Spielberg weds Kate Capshaw
- 1991 - Arkady Strugatsky dies (b. 1925). Russian novelist.
- 1992 - Ulysses Guimarães dies in accident (b. 1916). Brazilian politician.
- 1992 - Mário de Carvalho vence a 1ª. Edição do Grande Prémio de XConto da Associação Portuguesa de Escritores, com "Quatrocentos mil Sestércios seguido do Conde de Jano"
- 1992 - Expo '92 closes in Seville Spain.
- 1993 - O Prémio Nobel da Economia é atribuído a Robert W. Foggel e Douglas C. North.
- 1993 - Leon Ames dies (b. 1902). American actor.
- 1993 - Tofik Bakhramov dies (b. 1926). Russian footballer.
- 1994 - NASA loses radio contact with the Magellan spacecraft as the probe descends into the thick atmosphere of Venus (the spacecraft presumably turned up in the atmosphere either October 13 or October 14)
- 1994 - Jean-Bertrand Aristide assume (pela 3º vez) a presidência do Haiti
- 1994 - American Clifford G. Shull and Canadian Bertram N. Brockhouse won the Nobel physics prize; American George A. Olah won the Nobel chemistry prize.
- 1994 - Gérald Godin dies (b. 1938). Québécois poet and politician.
- 1995 - Descoberto o primeiro planeta de uma estrela que não o Sol: 51 Pegasi b
- 1996 - Roger Lapébie dies (b. 1911). French cyclist.
- 1996 - René Lacoste dies (b. 1904). French tennis player.
- 1997 - Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria; 43 killed at a fake roadblock
- 1997 - John Denver dies when an amateur-built airplane that he was piloting, crashed into Monterey Bay, California (b. 1943). American singer/songwriter
- 1998 - The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded to 3 Americans, Robert F. Furchgott (82), Louis Ignarro (57) and Ferid Murad (62), for their work on nitric oxide gas in biochemical functions in the human body.
- 1998 - U.S. Congress passes Digital Millennium Copyright Act
- 1998 - Matthew Shepard dies (b. 1976). American murder victim.
- 1998 - Mario Beaulieu dies (b. 1930). French Canadian politician.
- 1999 - Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif tries to dismiss Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf, who is returning to Pakistan from abroad in a commercial airliner. Sharif orders the Karachi airport to not allow the plane to land. Army leaders refuse to accept the dismissal and, in a coup, oust Sharif's administration and take over the airport. The plane lands with only a few minutes of fuel to spare, and Musharraf assumes control of the country.
- 1999 - The Day of Six Billion: The proclaimed 6 billionth living human in the world is born.
- 1999 - Wilt Chamberlain dies (b. 1936). American basketball player
- 2000 - Igor Correa Luna dies. Violoncelist and conductor
- 2000 - In Aden, Yemen, the USS Cole is badly damaged by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crewmembers and wounding at least 39
- 2000 - Gao Xingjian, Chinese-born French author receives the Nobel Prize for Literature
- 2000 - The USS Cole is badly damaged in Aden, Yemen, by two suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39
- 2001 - Prompted by a request by US President George W. Bush, an episode of America's Most Wanted features 22 most wanted terrorists
- 2001 - Kofi Annan, Sec. Gen. of the UN, and the UN itself won the Nobel Peace Prize.
- 2001 - Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone dies (b. 1907). British politician
- 2002 - Ray Conniff dies (b. 1916). American bandleader and musician
- 2002 - Audrey Mestre dies (b. 1974). French diver.
- 2002 - Bali bombing: In Bali, terrorists detonate bombs in two nightclubs in Kuta, killing 202 and wounding over 300
- 2003 - Belarus mental hospital fire: Thirty patients die in a mental hospital fire in Randilovshchina, Belarus
- 2003 - Michael Schumacher clinches his 6th Formula One championship, an all-time record
- 2003 - Jim Cairns dies (b. 1914). Australian politician
- 2003 - Joan Kroc dies (b. 1928), American philanthropist
- 2003 - Willie Shoemaker dies (b. 1931). American jockey
- 2005 - The second Chinese human spaceflight Shenzhou 6 is scheduled to carry two astronauts for five days in orbit.
- 2005 - C. Delores Tucker dies (b. 1927). American politician and civil rights activist.
- Columbus Day (traditionally) - United States.
- El Dia de la Raza - Latin America.
- Brazil - Children's Day and the day of Our Lady of Aparecida /Comemora-se no Brasil, o Dia da Criança
- Equatorial Guinea - Independence Day (from Spain, 1968)
- Bolivia : Festa da Virgem do Rosário em Cochabamba.
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