On this day in History - Jul 13

• 100 BC - Gaius Julius Caesar was born (d. 44 BC). Roman soldier and politician.
• 0040 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola was born (d. 0093). Roman Governor of Britain.
• 0574 - Pope John III dies.
• 0939 - Pope Leo VII dies.
• 0982 - Otto II is defeated in Calabria by the Saracens, Pandulf II of Salerno and Landulf IV of Benevento killed in battle.
• 1024 - Emperor Henry II dies.
• 1174 - William the Lion of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
• 1205 - Hubert Walter, dies. Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England.
• 1491 - Príncipe Afonso de Portugal, herdeiro do rei João II
• 1527 - John Dee was born. English alchemist, astrologer, and mathematician who contributed greatly to the revival of interest in mathematics in England.
• 1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul des Thermes at Gravelines.
• 1573 - Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
• 1579 - Arthur Dee was born (d. 1651). English physician and alchemist.
• 1590 - Pope Clement X was born (d. 1676).
• 1607 - Václav Hollar was born (d. 1677). Czech-born actor.
• 1608 - Ferdinand III was born (d. 1657). Holy Roman Emperor. He headed the so-called peace party at the Habsburg imperial court during the Thirty Years' War and ended that war in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.
• 1621 - Archduke Albert of Austria dies (b. 1559). Governor of the Low Countries.
• 1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
• 1647 - Criação da Aula de Fortificação e Arquitectura Militar, na Ribeira das Naus.
• 1705 - Titus Oates dies (b. 1649). Protestant conspirator.
• 1755 - Edward Braddock dies. British general.
• 1769 - Thomas Kelly was born. Irish Episcopal clergyman and author of 765 hymns, including: 'Praise the Savior, Ye Who Know Him.'
• 1770 - Alexander Balashov was born (d. 1837). Russian general and statesman.
• 1772 - HMS Resolution, under the command of Captain James Cook, sets sail from Plymouth, England.
• 1777 - Guillaume Coustou dies. French sculptor.
• 1787 - The U.S. Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.
• 1793 - Jean Paul Marat (b. 1743), one of the leaders of the French revolution, is murdered by Charlotte Corday.
• 1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria
• 1808 - Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta was born (d. 1893). President of France
• 1816 - Gustav Freitag was born (d. 1895). Writer.
• 1821 - Nathan Bedford Forrest was born (d. 1877). American Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan leader.
• 1822 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
• 1837 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first Buckingham Palace in London and is the first British monarch to live there.
• 1841 - Otto Wagner was born (d. 1918). Austrian architect.
• 1854 - In the battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.
• 1858 - Stewart Culin was born (d. 1929). American ethnographer.
• 1859 - Sidney Webb was born. English economist and socialist - founder of the Fabian Society.
• 1863 - New York Draft Riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.
• 1864 - John Jacob Astor IV was born (d. 1912). American entrepreneur.
• 1878 - Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia and Montenegro become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.
• 1893 - Morte de Joaquim de Seabra Pessoa. Pai do poeta português Fernando Pessoa.
• 1894 - Isaac Babel was born (d. 1940). Ukrainian writer.
• 1896 - Mordecai Ardon was born (d. 1992). One of Israel's greatest painters.
• 1896 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz dies (b. 1829). German organic chemist.
• 1898 - Guglielmo Marconi patenta la radio
• 1900 - George Lewis was born (d. 1969). American jazz musician
• 1900 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers.
• 1908 - 4th modern Olympic games opens in London. Women compete in modern Olympics for the first time.
• 1909 - Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario.
• 1912 - Leader of the Indian freedom movement and scholar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad brought out his noted Urdu news journal, al-Hilal.
• 1913 - Dave Garroway was born (d. 1982). American television host.
• 1914 - Sam Hanksauto was born (d. 27 Jun 1994). Car racer: Indianapolis 500 winner [1957: 135.601 mph]
• 1918 - Alberto Ascari was born (d. 1955). Italian race car driver.
• 1918 - Sebastião Carvalho Leme was born. Brasilian photographer.
• 1919 - The British airship R-34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.
• 1920 - Bill Towers was born (d. 2000). English footballer.
• 1921 - Ernest Gold was born (d. 1999). Film score composer.
• 1921 - Friedrich Peter was born (d. 2005). Austrian poltitician.
• 1921 - Gabriel Lippmann dies. French physicist Nobel Prize for Phisic de Física in 1908.
• 1923 - The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.
• 1924 - Carlo Bergonzi was born. Italian tenor
• 1927 - Simone Veil was born. French politician
• 1928 - Bob Crane was born (d. 1978). American actor.
• 1928 - Mace Neufeld was born. Film producer
• 1929 - Alan Civil was born (d. 1989). English French horn player.
• 1929 - Sofia Muratova was born. Soviet gymnast.
• 1930 - The first FIFA World Cup begins in Uruguay.
• 1931 - Frank Ramsey was born. American basketball player.
• 1933 - David Malcolm Storey was born. Writer
• 1934 - Wole Soyinka was born. Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 - Aleksei Yeliseyev was born. Cosmonaut
• 1935 - Jack Kemp was born. American football player and Vice Presidential candidate
• 1936 - Albert Ayler was born (d. 1970). Jazz Musician.
• 1936 - A heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States. The all-time highest temperatures for the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana are all recorded on this date.
• 1940 - Patrick Stewart was born. English actor .
• 1941 - Robert Forster was born. American actor
• 1941 - World War II: Montenegrins start the first popular uprising in Europe against the Axis Powers on 13 of July.
• 1942 - World War II: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in Gulf of St. Lawrence.
• 1942 - Harrison Ford was born in Chicago, Illinois. American actor (Presumed Innocent, Star Wars, Indiana Jones, Apocalypse Now, American Graffiti, Sabrina, etc.)
• 1942 - Roger McGuinn was born. American musician.
  1943 - Greatest tank battle in history ended with Russia's defeat of Germany at Kursk. Almost 6,000 tanks took part and 2,900 were lost by Germany.
• 1944 - Ernő Rubik was born. Hungarian inventor (Rubik's cube), sculptor, and architect
• 1946 - Cheech Marin was born.American actor and comedian
• 1946 - Alfred Stieglitz dies (b. 1864). American photographer.
• 1946 - Nascimento, em Ponte Preta, de João Bosco, cantor e compositor da MPB (música popular brasileira).
• 1948 - The Coptic and Ethiopian Churches reach an agreement leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarchate. Five bishops are immediately consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church, and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops.
• 1949 - Pope Pius XII excommunicates communist catholics.
• 1950 - George "Pinky" Nelson was born. Astronaut
• 1951 - Stellan Skarsgård was born. Swedish actor
• 1951 - Arnold Schoenberg dies (b. 1874). Austrian composer.
• 1953 - Johnny Clegg was born. South African composer and musician
• 1954 - Sezen Aksu was born. Turkish singer and songwriter, Eurovision Song Contest winner
• 1954 - Frida Kahlo dies (b. 1907). Mexican painter.
• 1955 - Ruth Ellis hanged for killing lover - Convicted murderer Ruth Ellis is hanged at Holloway Prison, London.
• 1956 - Michael Spinks was born. International Boxing Hall of Famer, Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [1976]; champion: light heavyweight, heavyweight; total bouts: 33, won: 32, lost: 1, KOs: 21
• 1957 - Cameron Crowe was born. American film director and writer
• 1962 - Rhonda Vincent was born. Bluegrass singer
• 1963 - Neal Foulds was born. English snooker player.
• 1965 - J. K. Rowling was born. English writer.
• 1965 - Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro dies. President of Colombia (1950-1953).
• 1966 - Gerald Levert was born. Singer
• 1966 - At Old Trafford, in Manchester, Portugal beat Hungary for the first round of 1966 -Football World Championship , Group 3, Portugal:Hungary 3:1 (1:0). José Augusto 2 , Torres and Ferenc Bene were the scorers / Portugal vence a Hungria por 3-1 (com 1-0 ao intervalo) na primeira ronda da fase final do Campeonato do Mundo de Futebol na Inglaterra,em jogo disputado em Manchester perante 37.000 pessoas.
• 1967 - Tom Simpson dies (exhaustion) (b. 1937). British cyclist.
• 1969 - Joaquim Agostinho venceu a etapa La Grande Motte –Revel da Volta à França. Pela primeira vez um ciclista português ganhava duas etapas do Tour, abrindo caminho à maior proeza de sempre até então um oitavo lugar na classificação geral da mais importante prova velocipédica do mundo.
• 1970 - Leslie Groves, membro do Exército dos Estados Unidos que observou a construção do Pentágono e o principal líder militar do Projecto Manhattan.
• 1970 - Barry Pinches was born. English snooker player .
• 1971 - Death for Moroccan rebel leaders . Ten army officers involved in an aborted coup in Morocco have been executed.
• 1972 - The United States Democratic Party nominates George McGovern for president at its convention in Miami Beach, Florida but, because of an impassioned platform dispute, McGovern does not give his acceptance speech until the early morning hours of the 14th.
• 1973 - Hector de Campora resigns as President of Argentina
• 1973 - Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.
• 1974 - Jarno Trulli was born. Formula 1 racer.
• 1974 - Patrick Blackett dies (b. 1897). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1977 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.
• 1977 - Mário Augusto da Silva dies. portuguese physicist.
• 1978 - Ford Motor Company President Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.
• 1980 - Seretse Khama dies (b. 1921). First President of Botswana.
• 1982 - Montreal hosts the first baseball All-Star Game outside the United States.
• 1983 - Gabrielle Roy dies (b. 1909). Canadian author.
• 1983 - Around 3,000 Tamils were slaughtered by Sinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring Tamil Nadu, India and a lot found refuge in Europe and Canada. This incident, known as Black July led directly to beginning of civil war in Sri Lanka.
• 1984 - Sergei Bubka of U.S.S.R. pole vaults a record 5.89 m
• 1985 - The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.
• 1988 - Final results of Mexico's recent presidential election were released, giving the victory to the candidate of the governing party, Carlos Salinas de Gortari. Opponents charged that the election had been stolen.
• 1993 - Davey Allison dies (b. 1961). American race car driver.
• 1996 - A Garuda Indonesia Airways DC-10 crashes on take-off from Fukuoka Airport, Japan, killing 3 passengers.
• 1997 - Miguel Ángel Blanco, concejal del Partido Popular en Ermua (Euskadi, España), es asesinado por la banda terrorista ETA, provocando una movilización ciudadana contra el terrorismo sin precedentes en el país.
• 1998 - Indonésia assina o Protocolo de Kyoto.
• 2000 - Fiji's coup leaders released their remaining 18 captives, ending a two-month-old parliamentary hostage crisis.
• 2002 - A lighting strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km2) when finally contained on September 5.
• 2002 - Yousuf Karsh dies (b. 1908). Turkish-born photographer.
• 2003 - Compay Segundo dies (b. 1907). Cuban folk musician ("Buena Vista Social Club")
• 2004 - Arthur Kane dies (b. 1951). Musician (New York Dolls).
• 2005 - Space Shuttle Discovery launches in the Return to Flight program.
• 2005 - Three trains collide in the Ghotki rail crash in Ghotki, Pakistan, killing over 150 people.
• Mongolia - Naadam Holiday, 3rd day
• Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Kálimát (Words) - First day of the seventh month of the Bahá'í Calendar
• Bon Festival - Buddhist festival to honor the dead (East Japan)