On this day in History - Jul 12

• 100 BC - Gaius Julius Caesar, was born (d. 44 BC). Roman soldier and politician.
• 0783 - Bertrada, dies (b. 720). Wife of Pippin III.
• 1394 - Ashikaga Yoshinori was born (d. 1441). Japanese shogun.
• 1441 - Ashikaga Yoshinori dies (b. 1394). Japanese shogun.
• 1468 - Juan del Encina was born. Poet and composer
• 1536 - Erasmus dies. Dutch writer and philosopher .
• 1537 - Robert Aske dies executed (b. 1500). English lawyer who became the leader of rebellion in York. He led the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 and was executed by Henry VIII for treason in 1537.
• 1537 - Battle of Abancay in Peru / Batalha de Abancay, no Peru: as tropas de Diego Almagro vencem as de Pizarro, comandadas por Alfonso de Alvarado.
• 1543 - England's King Henry VIII weds Catherine Parr (6th and last wife)
• 1573 - Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva capture Haarlem after a seven month siege.
• 1648 - Johann Stadimayr dies. German composer
• 1682 - Jean Picard dies (b. 21 Jul 1620). French Jesuit, active astronomer, cartographer, hydraulics engineer, Jean Picard devised a movable-wire micrometer to measure the diameters of celestial objects such as the Sun, Moon and planets.
• 1690 - William of Orange's army wins the Battle of the Boyne as reckoned under Gregorian calendar.
• 1691 - Battle of Aughrim (Aghrim) England, William III beats James II.
• 1712 - Richard Cromwell dies aged 85. English Lord Protector (1658-59).
• 1730 - Josiah Wedgwood was born (d. 3 Jan 1795). English inventor, potter. Josiah Wedgwood began a new branch of the pottery industry in the early 1760's. This inventor placed the manufacture of stoneware on a scientific basis, and founded the potteries of North Staffordshire.
• 1759 - British cannon start firing on French at Quebec, from Lévis, Quebec.
• 1773 - Johann Joachim Quantz, dies (b. 1697). German flutist and composer.
• 1776 - James Cook on a new voyage of discovery .
• 1780 - Nasce o estadista português Mouzinho da Silveira.
• 1784 - Juan Mora Fernández was born. First President of Costa Rica (1824 - 1855).
• 1806 -The Holy Roman Empire that has existed since Christmas of 800 ends in the Confederation of the Rhine organized under French auspices. / A Confederação do Reno é criada sob a protecção de Napoleão Bonaparte, acabando de facto com o Sacro Império Romano Germânico, dominado nos últimos 300 anos pelos Habsburgos
• 1807 - Thomas Hawksley was born (d. 1893). English civil engineer.
• 1812 - Americans invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
• 1813 - Claude Bernard was born (d. 10 Feb 1878). French physiologist known chiefly for his discoveries concerning the role of the pancreas in digestion, the glycogenic function of the liver, and the regulation of the blood supply by the vasomotor nerves.
• 1817 - Henry David Thoreau, was born (d. 6 May 1862). American philosopher, essayist and poet ( "Hermit of Walden").
• 1819 - Charles Kingsley was born (d. 1875). English writer
• 1824 - Eugène Boudin was born (d. 08 Aug 1898). French Impressionist painter specialized in Maritime Scenes.
• 1834 - David Douglas dies (b. 25 Jun 1799). Scottish botanist who was one of the most successful of the great 19th century plant collectors. He established about 240 species of plants in Britain
• 1838 - Portugal : Revolta dos Marechais. Os marechais duques de Saldanha e da Terceira revoltam-se, tentando restabelecer a Carta Constitucional, outorgada por D. Pedro IV. Os generais marquês de Sá da Bandeira e conde do Bonfim opõem-se com as forças sob o seu comando, defendendo o regime Setembrista.
• 1841 - Georg Emanuel Opitz dies (b. 1775). Austrian portrait and miniature painter, watercolorist, and engraver (Dedication of a Synagogue in Alsace; Tending to the Horses ; Offizier Leibgrenadiergarde 1810)
• 1845 - Henrik Wergeland dies (b. 1808). Norwegian author.
• 1849 - Sir William Osler was born (d. 29 Dec 1919). Canadian physician who revolutionized the medical curriculum in North America, adapting the best of the systems he had observed in England and Germany. (The Principles and Practice of Medicine -1892)
• 1850 - Otto Schoetensack was born (d. 1912). German anthropologist.
• 1850 - Robert Stevenson dies (b. 8 Jun 1772) Scottish civil engineer (the lighthouse at Bell Rock) .
• 1852 - Hipólito Yrigoyen was born (d. 1933). President of Argentina (1916-1922 e 1928-1930)
• 1854 - George Eastman was born (d. 1932). American inventor - photography pioneer. He founded the Eastman-Kodak Company, which for years held a virtual monopoly in the camera and film industry.
• 1855 - Edward 'Ned' Hanlan was born (d. 1908). Rower
• 1861 - George Washington Carver was born (d. 5 Jan 1943). African-American educator, scientist, chemist, inventor and botanist.
• 1862 - Medal of Honor authorized by the US Congress.
• 1863 - Albert Calmette was born in Nice (d. 1933). French doctor and bacteriologist
• 1868 - Stefan George was born (d. 1933). German poet.
• 1870 - Louis II of Monaco was born (d. 1949).
• 1870 - Celluloid -A U.S. patent for an improved process by which celluloid is produced was awarded to John W(esley) Hyatt, Jr., (1837 - 1920) the man considered to be the "father of the U.S. Plastics industry," and his brother, Isaiah S. Hyatt of Albany, N.Y.
• 1876 - Max Jacob was born (d. 1944). French poet.
• 1880 - Tod Browning was born (d. 1962). American film director.
• 1883 - Saul Dushman was born (d. 1954). Russian-American physical chemist, a world leader in vacuum science and technology, a GE assistant director of research and author of several standard scientific textbooks.
• 1884 - Amedeo Modigliani was born (d. 1920). Italian painter and sculptor (Reclining Nude)
• 1886 - Jean Hersholt was born (d. 1956). Danish film director and actor.
• 1892 - Bruno Schulz was born (d. 1942). Polish writer and painter.
• 1892 - Harry Piel was born (d. 1963). Actor, film director, and producer.
• 1892 - A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in Saint Gervais
• 1895 - Kirstin Flagstad was born († 07 Dec 1962). Norwegian soprano.
• 1895 - Richard Buckminster Fuller was born (d. 1983). American architect, engineer, inventor, educator, author and philosopher, who developed the geodesic dome.
• 1895 - Oscar Hammerstein II was born (d. 1960). American lyricist.
• 1902 - Günther Anders was born (d. 1992). Philosopher and writer.
• 1904 - Deng Xiaoping was born (d. 1997). Chinese politician and leader.
• 1904 - Pablo Neruda was born in Parral (d. 13 Sep 1973). Chilean poet and political activist (Residence on Earth) who was the 1971 Nobel Prize recipient.
• 1906 - Alfred Dreyfus found innocent in France / O capitão do estado maior francês Alfred Dreyfus, condenado em 1894 por traição, é reabilitado e reintegrado no exército. Tinha sido condenado com base em provas forjadas, e mantido na prisão de 1896 a 1899, sabendo-se que não era culpado, devido ao anti-semitismo do corpo de oficiais francês.
• 1908 - Milton Berle was born (d. 2002). American actor and comedian.
• 1909 - Joe DeRita was born (d. 1993). American actor and comedian.
• 1910 - Charles Rolls dies (b. 1877). British motorist, aviator, and automobile manufacturer who was one of the founders of the Rolls-Royce Ltd. automobile company.
• 1913 - Willis Eugene Lamb, Jr. was born. American physicist, 1995 Nobel Prize for Physics laureate jointly with Polikarp Kuschb "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum."
• 1914 - Fracassa a tentativa de assassinato contra Rasputín, aventureiro russo de grande influência na corte czarista.
• 1916 - James Sant dies (b. 23 Apr 1880). English painter (The Children Of Major H. Barrett Of Moredon, Taunton (1909); The Schoolmaster's Daughter(1870); Sentiment ; The Russell Sisters ).
• 1917 - Andrew Wyeth was born. American Contemporary Realist painter. ( Christina's World; Sheepskin )
• 1918 - Dragutin Lerman dies (b. 1864). Croatian explorer.
• 1919 - Charles Rock dies. Actor.
• 1920 - Beah Richards was born (d. 2000). American actress.
• 1920 - Pierre Berton was born (d. 2004). Canadian journalist and writer.
• 1920 - Lithuania & USSR sign peace treaty, Lithuania becomes independent.
• 1920 - Na Bolívia, uma revolução derruba o presidente liberal José Gutiérrez Guerra.
• 1920 - The Panama Canal was formally dedicated
• 1921 - Ralph Herz dies. Actor
• 1922 - Mark Hatfield was born. U.S. Senator from Oregon.
• 1922 - Michael Ventris was born. English architect and cryptographer who in 1952 deciphered the Minoan Linear B script
• 1923 - Harry Lonsdale dies. Actor.
• 1924 - Horacio Vásquez assume (pela 3º vez) a presidência da República Dominicana
• 1925 - Roger B. Smith was born. American automobile executive
• 1926 - Gertrude Bell dies (b. 1868). English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator.
• 1928 - Elias James Corey was born. American organic chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1990 "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis".
• 1930 - Gordon Pinsent was born. Canadian actor, director, and writer
• 1931 - Nathan Söderblom dies (b. 1866). Swedish clergyman, Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
• 1932 - Otis Davis was born. American runner.
• 1932 - Lambeth Bridge, London, opened by King George V of the United Kingdom
• 1932 - Hedley Verity establishes a first-class record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.
• 1933 - Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the United States: 33 cents per hour.
• 1933 - Donald E. Westlake was born. American author.
• 1934 - Van Cliburn was born. American concert pianist .
• 1934 - Ole Evinrude dies (b. 19 Apr 1877). Norwegian inventor and manufacturer of the outboard marine engine.
• 1935 - Alfred Dreyfus dies (b. 1859). French military officer.
• 1937 - Bill Cosby was born. American comedian and actor.
• 1937 - Lionel Jospin was born. Prime Minister of France.
• 1937 - "Guernica" exhibited for the first time. Guernica, a Spanish town with a population of 5.000, was bombed to the ground on April 26, 1937. The event was eternalized in a painting by Pablo Picasso.
• 1942 - Richard Stoltzman was born in Omaha, Nebraska. Clarinetist (Tashi).
• 1943 - Durante a Batalha de Kursk, o maior combate de carros blindados da história, deu-se perto da aldeia russa de Prohorovka. Novecentos blindados russos defrontaram outros tantos blindados alemães.
• 1943 - Christine McVie was born. Singer, musician, and songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
• 1943 - The largest tank engagement ever takes place, part of the Battle of Kursk
• 1947 - Gareth Edwards was born. Welsh rugby player
• 1948 - Richard Simmons was born. American fitness trainer
• 1948 - Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was born (d. 1997). Sufi musician.
• 1948 - Dusan Kovacevic was born in Mrdjenovac, Serbia, Yugoslavia. Writer.
• 1949 - Douglas Hyde dies (b. 1860). First President of Ireland.
• 1950 - Claudia Alencar was born in São Paulo. Brazilian actress.
• 1950 - Elsie De Wolfe dies (b. 1865). Actress and interior decorator.
• 1950 - René Pleven becomes Prime Minister of France .
• 1957 - U.S. Surgeon General Leroy Burney, who served in the post from 1956 to 1961, issued a report on a connection smoking and lung cancer
• 1958 - Jennifer Saunders was born in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England. British actress.
• 1960 - Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
• 1960 - Congo, Chad & Central African Republic declare independence
• 1962 - Roger Wolfe Kahn dies (b. 1907). American band leader.
• 1964 - Gaby Roslin was born. English television presenter
• 1967 - Richard Herring was born. English comedian
• 1967 - Four days of race riots begin in Newark, New Jersey that will claim the lives of 27 people.
• 1971 - Kristi Yamaguchi was born. American figure skater.
• 1972 - Travis Best was born. NBA player.
• 1973 - The 1973 National Archives Fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center
• 1973 - Christian Vieri was born. Italian football player.
• 1973 - Agostinho dos Santos dies in France in a plane crash (b. 25 Apr 1932). Brazilian actor.
• 1974 - The manager of Liverpool football club, Bill Shankly, is retiring from his post.
• 1975 - São Tomé and Príncipe gains independence from Portugal (National Day). Manuel Pinto da Costa is the first President.
• 1976 - Anna Friel was born in Rochdale, Lancashire, England. British actress .
• 1976 - Morre na cidade do Porto (onde tem uma rua com o seu nome) o pintor português (Simão) Dordio Gomes (n. 26 Jul 1890, em Arraiolos). Diplomado em Pintura Histórica pela Escola de Belas-Artes de Lisboa, em 1910-1911, Dórdio Gomes estudou em Paris nas Beaux-Arts. Em 1921 regressou a Paris para ali estudar durante cinco anos. Datam dessa época as pinturas que enviou, em 1923, à Sociedade Nacional de Belas-Artes para a Exposição dos Cinco Independentes (Casas de Malakoff e Auto-Retrato da Natureza Morta).
• 1977 - Brock Lesnar was born. American professional wrestler .
• 1977 - Ed Holmes diies at 66. Actor (Growing Paynes, Once Upon a Tune)
• 1979 - The island nation of Kiribati declares independence.
• 1979 - Marília Passos was born in Campinas, São Paulo. Brazilian actress.
• 1980 - O Atleta do Século - Édson Arantes do Nascimento, o Rei Pelé, foi eleito o Atleta do Século, em pesquisa mundial promovida pelo jornal francês L´Equipe.
• 1984 - Gareth Gates was born. British singer.
• 1986 - Orange Parade sparks riots : Dozens are injured in the second consecutive night of violence in Portadown, County Armagh, in Northern Ireland (Font: BBC).
• 1988 - Josh Logan dies. Film director and writer.
• 1990 - Russian republic president Boris N. Yeltsin shocked the 28th congress of the Soviet Communist Party by announcing he was resigning his party membership.
• 1991 - Erik Per Sullivan was born. American actor.
• 1991 - Aprovação da nova Constituição da Bulgária.
• 1991 - A Japanese professor who had translated Salman Rushdie’s "The Satanic Verses" was found stabbed to death, nine days after the novel’s Italian translator was attacked in Milan.
• 1993 - A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off the shore of Hokkaido, Japan launches a devastating tsunami, killing 202 on the small island of Okushiri
• 1996 - John Chancellor dies (b. 1927). American television journalist.
• 1996 - Jonathan Melvoin dies (b. 1961). Musician and keyboardist (The Smashing Pumpkins) .
• 1997 - In Spain, kidnapped Basque politician Miguel Angel Blanco was found mortally dead shortly after a deadline set by his militant Basque captors.
• 1998 - KDE 1.0 released.
• 1998 - A França ganha o Campeonato do Mundo de Futebol / França wins the 16th FIFA World Cup Brazil:France 0-3 (0-2) at Stade de France.
• 1998 - Northern Ireland : Children die in Drumcree protests - Three young brothers are murdered in a loyalist arson attack as the stand-off between Orangemen and police at Drumcree continues.
• 1999 - Bill Owen dies (b. 1914). British actor.
• 2000 - In Spain a car bomb exploded at the entrance of the Corte Ingles department store in Madrid. 10 people were injured.
• 2001 - Paul Eugène Magloire dies. President of Haiti (1950-1956)
• 2002 - Gay rights: The Superior Court of Ontario orders Ontario to recognize same-sex marriages.
• 2003 - Benny Carter dies (b. 1907). American musician.
• 2004 - Pedro Santana Lopes is officially appointed Prime Minister of Portugal.
• Kiribati - Independence Day
• Mongolia - Naadam Holiday (2nd day)
• Northern Ireland - Battle of the Boyne Day (see Irish calendar).
• Newfoundland - Orangemen's Day
• São Tomé and Príncipe - Independence Day
• Sunset and sunrise occur along Manhattan's street grid centerline
• The "central pivot irrigation day" of Colorado