On this day in History - Jun 9

• 0068 - Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, (b. 0037) imploring his secretary Epaphroditus to slit his throat to evade a Senate-imposed death by flogging.
• 0373 - Ephrem the Syrian dies. Christian hymnodist.
• 0597 - St. Columba dies (b. 0521). Christian missionary, patron saint of Ireland.
• 0630 - King Shahrbaraz of Persia dies.
• 1064 - Coimbra, Portugal fell to Ferdinand, the King of Castile.
• 1310 - Duccio's Maestà Altarpiece, a seminal artwork of the early Italian Renaissance, is unveiled and installed in the Siena Cathedral in Siena Italy.
• 1386 - Ratificação do Tratado de Windsor, entre D. João I de Portugal e Ricardo II de Inglaterra.
• 1448 - Portugal: Afonso V de Portugal atinge a maioridade e assume o reino.
• 1534 - Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the St. Lawrence River.
• 1572 - Jeanne d'Albret dies (b. 1528). Queen of Navarre .
• 1597 - Pieter Janszoon Saenredam was born in Assendelft (d. 1665). Dutch Baroque painter, son of the engraver Jan Pieterszoon Saenredam [1565-1607].
• 1597 - Padre José de Anchieta dies. Spanish Jesuit, missionary.
• 1640 - Leopold I was born. Emperor of Holy Roman Empire.
• 1672 - Peter the Great (Peter Alekseyevich) Peter I, was born (d. 8 Feb 1725). Russian Czar [1682-1721], Emperor of Russia [1721-1725];
• 1686 - Andrei Osterman was born (d. 1747). Russian statesman.
• 1708 - Casamento de D. João V e D. Maria Ana de Áustria
• 1732 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia.
• 1746 - Fernando VI e D. Maria Bárbara, filha D. João V, ascendem ao trono de Espanha.
• 1768 - Samuel Slater was born (d. 1835). American industrialist.
• 1772 - British vessel Gaspee is burned off of Rhode Island.
• 1790 - Philadelphia Spelling Book by John Barry becomes the first book to be copyrighted in the United States.
• 1802 - US Academy at West Point was founded.
• 1810 - Otto Nicolai was born (d. 1849). Composer.
• 1812 - Johann Gottfried Galle was born (d. 1910). German astronomer who on 23 Sep 1846, was the first to observe the planet Neptune
• 1815 - End of the Congress of Vienna: new European political situation is set.
• 1822 - Peter Henderson was born (d. 17 Jan 1890). Scottish-American scientist, known as the "Father of American Horticulture."
• 1836 - Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was born (d. 17 Dec 1917). English physician who sought the admission of women to professional education, especially in medicine. She become the first woman to qualify as a medical practitioner in Britain (1865), despite being refused admission by the medical schools because it was their policy not to train women as doctors.
• 1843 - Bertha von Suttner was born (d. 1914). Novelist, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace 1905.
• 1845 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto was born (d. 1914)
• 1849 - Michael Peter Ancher was born (d. 1927). Danish painter.
• 1850 - Wilhelm Roux was born (d. 15 Sep 1924). German zoologist who was a founder of experimental embryology, by which he studied how organs and tissues are assigned their structural form and functions at the time of fertilization.
• 1851 - Charles Joseph Bonaparte was born d. 1921). Politician.
• 1856 - 500 Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa and head west for Salt Lake City, Utah carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts.
• 1860 - Malaeska: The Indian Wife of the White Hunter becomes the first dime novel to be published.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia.
• 1865 - Albéric Magnard was born (d. 1914). Composer.
• 1865 - Carl Nielsen was born. Danish composer.
• 1870 - Charles Dickens dies (b. 7 Feb 1812). English author (Oliver Twist; David Copperfield).
• 1875 - Sir Henry Hallett Dale, was born (d. 23 Jul 1968). English physiologist who in 1914 isolated the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from ergot fungi. In 1936 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (with the German pharmacologist Otto Loewi) for discoveries in the chemical transmission of nerve impulses.
• 1882 - Bobby Kerr was born (d. 1963). Canadian sprinter.
• 1882 - Angus Walters was born (d. 1968). Schooner captain.
• 1891 - Cole Porter was born (d. 1964). Composer and lyricist.(Anything Goes, Kiss Me Kate, Anything Goes, Kiss Me Kate, Can Can, Silk Stockings; songwriter: I’m in Love Again, Let’s Do It, You Do Something to Me, It’s De-Lovely, Night and Day, Don’t Fence Me In, What is This Thing Called Love, Love for Sale, I Get a Kick Out of You, Just One of Those Things, Begin the Beguine, I Love Paris, In the Still of the Night, True Love) Note: other several fonts date 1893.
• 1892 - William Stairs dies (b. 1863). Explorer.
• 1897 - Japan protests United States' takeover of Hawaii
• 1898 - China leases Hong Kong to Britain for 99 years
• 1898 - Luigi Fagioli was born (d. 20 Jun 1952). Italian car racer.
• 1900 - Fred Waring was born († 1984). Bandleader, inventor.
• 1900 - José Gomes Ferreira was born in Porto (d. 1985): Portuguese writer / Nasce no Porto, José Gomes Ferreira. Escritor português († 1985).
• 1901 - Hajj Muhammad bin Abdullah Hassan, known to the British as the Mad Mullah, is defeated by British forces under the command of Colonel Swane.
• 1901 - Edward Moran dies (b. 19 Aug 1829). American painter.
• 1904 - William Joscelyn Arkell was born (d. 18 Apr 1958). English paleontologist, an authority on Jurassic fossils (those dating from 208 to 144 million years ago).
• 1905 - Albert Einstein published his analysis of Planck's quantum theory and its application to light. His article appeared in Annalen der Physik. Though no experimental work was involved, it was for these insights that Einstein earned his Nobel Prize.
• 1905 - Manoel Camilo dos Santos was born (d. 1987). Brazilian poet.
• 1911 - Paulo Gracindo was born. Brazilian actor.
• 1912 - Kenneth L. Pike was born (d. 31 Dec 2000). American linguist and anthropologist known for his studies of the aboriginal languages of Mexico, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, New Guinea, Java, Ghana, Nigeria, Australia, Nepal, and the Philippines
• 1913 - Patrick Steptoe was born (d. 21 Mar 1988). British scientist and medical researcher who, with Robert Edwards, perfected in-vitro fertilization of the human egg
• 1915 - U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the RMS Lusitania sinking.
• 1916 - Robert McNamara was born. United States Secretary of Defense, former president of the World Bank
• 1916 - Les Paul was born. Guitarist.
• 1921 - Agnes Keleti Hungary was born. Gymnist (Olympic-gold-1952, 56)
• 1922 - John Gillespie Magee, Jr. was born († 1941). American poet and aviator.
• 1923 - Bulgaria's military takes over the government in a coup.
• 1930 - Chicago Tribune reporter Jake Lingle is killed at the Illinois Central train station during rush hour by the Leo Vincent Brothers, allegedly over a 100,000 USD gambling debt owed to Al Capone.
• 1930 - Ben L. Abruzzo was born (d. 11 Feb 1985). American balloonist who, with three crew mates, made the first transpacific balloon flight hat was also the longest nonstop balloon flight, in the Double Eagle V
• 1931 - Jackie Mason was born. Comedian.
• 1931 - The rocket-fueled aircraft design is patented by Robet Goddard.
• 1932 - Émile Friant dies (b. 1863). French realist painter. (Les canotiers de la Meurthe La Toussaint ).
• 1934 - Donald Duck debuts in The Wise Little Hen. Walt Disney cria um novo personagem: o Pato Donald.
• 1935 - Ho-Umezu Agreement: China, under KMT administration, recognized Japanese occupations in Northeast China.
• 1937 - Harald Rosenthal was born. Biologist
• 1939 - Ileana Cotrubas was born. Romanian soprano
• 1939 - Dick Vitale was born. Sportscaster.
• 1940 - Victory for Coppi in the Giro d´Italia
• 1944 - World War II: The Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, since 1941 occupied by Finland.
• 1945 - Luis Ocaña was born. Spanish cyclist.
• 1946 - Ananda Mahidol dies (b. 1925). Rama VIII, king of Thailand.
• 1949 - Maria Cebotari dies. Austrian soprano.
• 1951 - Bonnie Tyler [Gaynor Hopkins], was born. Rocker (Total Eclipse of the Heart)
• 1953 - Flint-Worcester Tornadoes: A tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado hits in Worcester, Massachusetts killing 94.
• 1954 - McCarthyism: Joseph Welch, special counsel for the United States Army, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy during hearings on whether Communism has infiltrated the Army.
• 1956 - Patricia Cornwell was born. American author.
• 1956 - A heavy earthquake struck Afghanistan and 400 were killed.
• 1957 - First ascent of Broad Peak (12th highest mountain).
• 1958 - Robert Donat dies (b. 1905). English actor.
• 1959 - Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus dies (b. 25 Dec 1876). German organic chemist, who was awarded the 1928 Nobel Prize for Chemistry " for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins", the first Nobel prize for work in human nutrition.
• 1959 - The USS George Washington is launched as the first submarine to carry ballistic missiles.
• 1959 - Jorge Furtado was born in Porto Alegre. Brazilian film director.
• 1961 - Michael J. Fox was born. Actor
• 1961 - Aaron Sorkin was born. Director, producer, writer
• 1963 - Johnny Depp was born. Actor (Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, Arizona Dreams, Nick of Time, Dead Man, Ed Wood, Donnie Brasco, Don Juan DeMarco, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape, Freddy’s Dead: The Final Nightmare, Edward Scissorhands, Platoon, A Nightmare on Elm Street, 21 Jump Street, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas)
• 1964 - Gloria Reuben was born. Actress
• 1964 - Max Aitken dies (b. 1879). Lord Beaverbrook, Canadian-born business tycoon and politician.
• 1970 - Bob Dylan received an honorary Doctorate in Music from Princeton University.
• 1970 - Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia dies. President of Costa Rica (1940-1944)
• 1972 - Rudolf Belling dies (b. 26 Aug 1886). German sculptor. “Guilty” of Entartete Kunst, he had to flee Nazi Germany.
• 1973 - Tedy Bruschi was born. American football player
• 1973 - Secretariat wins the Triple Crown.
• 1974 - Miguel Ángel Asturias dies (b. 1899). Guatemalan writer, winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 1967.
• 1974 - Sai de circulação após 73 anos no Rio de Janeiro o jornal Correio da Manhã.
• 1974 - José Manuel Sarmento de Beires dies. Portuguese aviation pioneer.
• 1975 - Andrew Symonds was born. Cricketer
• 1977 - Peja Stojaković was born. Serbian NBA star
• 1978 - Miroslav Klose was born. Football player, National Team of Germany
• 1978 - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints opens the priesthood to "all worthy men,"ending a 148-year-old policy excluding black men.
• 1980 - Comedian Richard Pryor attempts to commit suicide by dousing himself with rum and setting it ablaze during a cocaine binge.
• 1981 - Natalie Portman was born. Actress ( Mars Attacks!, The Prince of Egypt, Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace) .
• 1983 - Mário Soares assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro de Portugal.
• 1983 - Margaret Thatcher is re-elected
• 1984 - Cyndi Lauper's 1st #1 "Time After Times"
• 1985 - Thomas Sutherland is kidnapped in Lebanon (he was not released until 1991).
• 1986 - The Rogers Commission releases its report on the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.
• 1989 - George Wells Beadle dies (b. 22 Oct 1903). American geneticist who helped found biochemical genetics when he showed that genes affect heredity genes act by regulating definite chemical events. He shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Edward Tatum and Joshua Lederberg.
• 1990 - Czechoslovakia beats US 5-1 in World Cup soccer .
• 1991 - Jim Courier gained his first Grand Slam of tennis as he won the French Open.
• 1991 - Claudio Arrau dies (b. 1903). Chilean-born pianist.
• 1992 - A Arménia passa a ser membro da UNESCO.
• 1993 - Alexis Smith dies (b. 1921). Canadian actress.
• 1993 - O príncipe japonês Naruhito se casa com Masako Owada numa elaborada cerimónia religiosa xintoísta.
• 1994 - Jan Tinbergen dies (b. 1903). Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1996 - Daniel Mazia dies (b. 18 Dec 1912). American cell biologist who was notable for his work in nuclear and cellular physiology.
• 1998 - México assina o Protocolo de Kyoto
• 1999 - Kosovo War: Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO sign a peace treaty.
• 2000 - In Argentina millions of workers went on strike to protest the economic austerity policies of Pres. Fernando de la Rua and the 14% unemployment rate.
• 2002 - Albert Costa won the French Open over fellow Spaniard Juan Carlos Ferrero.
• 2004 - Rosey Brown dies (b. 1932). American football player.
• 2004 - António de Sousa Franco dies. Portuguese professor and politician. He was Minister of Finance.
• 2006 - German FIFA World Cup has the Kick-Off with the hosts playing against Costa Rica.
• Catholicism - Saint Columba (called Saint Columcille in Ireland, where he is honoured as one of the islands three patron saints).
• Roman Empire - third day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta
• United States - Race Unity Day.
• Portugal: Foral de Montalegre - Feriado local - Dia da cidade