On this day in History - Oct 1

331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Arbela
0208 - Alexandre Severo was born († 0235). Roman emperor
0366 - Eleição de São Dâmaso I, papa até 11 de Dezembro de 0384. Nasceu em Idanha, no actual território de Portugal, por volta do ano 304, sendo o 37.º pontífice romano. Era irmão de Santa Irene.
0642 - Subida ao trono do rei visigodo Chindasvinto.
0959 - Edgar the Peaceable becomes king of all England
0959 - King Edwin of England dies (b. 0941)
0965 - John XIII becomes Pope
1040 - Alan III, Duke of Brittany dies poisoned (b. 0997)
1061 - Alexander II is elected Pope.
1207 - Henry III of England was born († 1272).

1273 - Rudolf of Hapsburg was elected emperor in Germany.
1404 - Pope Boniface IX dies (b. 1356)
1470 - Nascia Isabel de Aragão, filha de Fernando V e de Isabel I de Castela († 1498)
1471 - Frederick I of Denmark was born († 1573).
1499 - Marsilio Ficino dies (b. 1433). Italian philosopher.
1507 - Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola was born ( † 1573). Italian architect .
1540 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus was born (d. 1617). Swiss protestant clergyman.

1549 - Anna of H Bartolomaeus was born. She was a Flemish prioress and founded a nunnery.
1567 - Pietro Carnesecchi dies (b. 1508). Italian humanist.
1570 - Frans Floris dies (b. 1520). Flemish painter.
1574 - Marten Jacobszoon Heemskerk van Veen dies (b. 1498). Dutch painter.
1578 - Don John of Austria dies (b. 1547). Military leader.
1609 - Giammateo Asola dies. Italian composer
1620 - Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem was born (d. 1683). Dutch painter.
1644 - Alessandro Stradella was born (d. 1682). Italian violinist and composer
1671 - Guido Grandi was born (d. 1742). Italian mathematician.
1684 - Pierre Corneille dies (b. 1606). French author.
1685 - Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor was born (d. 1740)
1691 - Arthur Onslow was born (d. 1768). English politician.
1693 - Pedro Abarca dies (b. 1619). Spanish theologian.
1708 - John Blow dies (b. 1649). British composer.
1730 - Richard Stockton was born. American attorney, signer of the Daclaration of Independence
1760 - William Thomas Beckford was born (d. 1844). English writer and politician.
1768 - Robert Simson dies (b. 1687). Scottish mathematician.
1774 - Marquês de Pombal publica decreto que sepulta a Inquisição portuguesa.

1775 - Execução de João Batista Pele, acusado de ter planeado um atentado contra o marquês de Pombal.

1777 - Assinatura do tratado de Santo Ildefonso entre Portugal e Espanha
1788 - Nguyen Hue declares himself emperor of Viet Nam
1791 - First session of the French Legislative Assembly
1795 - Belgium is conquered by France

1795 - Robert Bakewell dies (b. 1725). English agriculturist who revolutionized sheep and cattle breeding in England by methodical selection, inbreeding, and culling.
1800 - Spain cedes Louisiana to France via Treaty of San Ildefonso
1801 - O Tratado de Amiens é assinado pondo fim ao conflito começado na Primavera de 1792 com as sucessivas declarações de guerra da França revolucionária às potências europeias

1804 - William Stokes was born (d. 10 Jan 1878). Physician and the leading representative of the Irish, or Dublin, school of anatomical diagnosis, which emphasized clinical examination of patients in forming a diagnosis
1811 - First steamboat to sail the Mississippi arrives in New Orleans
1814 - Opening of the Congress of Vienna, intended to redraw the Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleon the previous spring.

1827 - Walter Howell Deverell was born. American painter.

1829 - South African College founded in Cape Town, South Africa; later to become the University of Cape Town.
1833 - Morre Luísa Todi, cantora lírica portuguesa.

1835 - Nascimento de Júlio César Machado. Escritor português.
1837 - Nicolás Avellaneda was born. President of Argentine.

1842 - Charles Cros was born ( d. 9 Aug 1888). French inventor and poet whose work in several fields foreshadowed or paralleled important developments
1847 - German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske

1847 - Maria Mitchell was born. American astronomer, discovered a new comet that was named after herself. She was elected the same day to the American Academy of Arts--the first woman to be so honored.
1854 - The watch company founded in 1850 in Roxbury by Aaron Lufkin Dennison relocates to Waltham, Massachusetts to become the Waltham Watch Company, a pioneer in the American System of Watch Manufacturing.

1862 - Esther Boise Van Deman was born (d. 3 May 1937). American archaeologist.
1864 - Rose Greenhow dies (b. 1817). American Confederate spy.

1864 - Juan José Flores y Aramburu dies. President of Ecuador
1865 - Paul Dukas was born (d. 1935). French composer.

1867 - Karl Marx' "Das Kapital," was published.
1869 - Austria issues the world's first postcards
1876 - James Lick dies (b. 1796). California land baron.
1878 - Othmar Spann was born (d. 1950). Austrian philosopher and economist.
1880 - John Philip Sousa becomes leader of the United States Marine Corps Band
1880 - First electric lamp factory opened by Thomas Edison
1881 - William Boeing was born (d. 1956). American engineer.
1885 - Louis Untermeyer was born (d. 1977). American author.
1885 - United States begins special-delivery mail service.
1886 - U.S. mint in Carson City, Nevada closes.
1886 - Paul Morgan was born († 1938). Austrian actor and comedian.
1887 - Baluchistan conquered by the British Empire

1888 - National Geographic magazine published for 1st time
1889 - Nagoya is founded.

1889 - Soccer team HFC Haarlem forms
1890 - Yosemite National Park established by Congress
1890 - Stanley Holloway was born (d. 1982). British actor.
1891 - In California, Stanford University opens its doors

1892 - Emilio Pettoruti was born. Argentine painter.

1896 - Liaquat Ali Khan was born (d. 1951). First Prime Minister of Pakistan.
1896 - Ted Healy was born (d. 1937). American actor and comedian.
1898 - Czar Nicholas II expels Jews from major Russian cities
1898 - The Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration is founded under the name k.u.k. Exportakademie.
1900 - Tom Goddard was born (d. 1966). English cricketer.
1901- Abdur Rahman Khan dies (b. c. 1844). Afghan amir.
1903 - The Boston Americans play the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first game of the modern baseball World Series.
1904 - Vladimir Horowitz was born (d. 1989). Ukrainian pianist.
1904 - Otto Robert Frisch was born in Vienna (d. 1979). Austrian-born British nuclear physicist who, with his aunt Lise Meitner, described the division of neutron-bombarded uranium into lighter elements.
1908 - Ford introduces the Model T car
1909 - Sam Yorty was born (d. 1998). Mayor of Los Angeles, California.
1910 - Bonnie Parker was born (d. 1934). American outlaw.
1910 - Fritz Köberle was born († 1983). Austrian-born, Brazilian physician and scientist.
1910 - A large bomb destroys the Los Angeles Times building in downtown Los Angeles, California, killing 20.
1911 - Wilhelm Dilthey dies. German philosopher.
1914 - Daniel J. Boorstin was born (d. 2004). American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress. (Empire of Czar). He won a Pulitzer Prize in 1974 .

1915 - Jerome Seymour Bruner was born in New York City. American psychologist and educator whose work on perception, learning, memory, and other aspects of cognition in young children has, along with the related work of Jean Piaget, influenced the American educational system
1918 - World War I: Arab forces under T. E. Lawrence (aka "Lawrence of Arabia") capture Damascus.
1920 - Walter Matthau was born (d. 2000). American actor.
1921 - James Whitmore was born. American actor
1924 - Jimmy Carter was born. 39th President of the United States
1924 - William Rehnquist was born (d. 2005). Chief Justice of the United States.
1925 - Bob Boyd was born (d. 2004). Baseball player.
1926 - Roger Williams was born. American pianist
1927 - Tom Bosley was born. American actor
1928- Laurence Harvey was born (d. 1973). Lithuanian-born actor.
1928 - George Peppard was born (d. 1994). American actor.
1928 - The Soviet Union introduces its first Five-Year Plan.
1929 - Antoine Bourdelle dies (b. 1861). French sculptor.
1930 - Sir Richard Harris was born (d. 2002). Irish actor.
1931 - Sylvano Bussotti was born. Italian composer
1931 - The George Washington Bridge linking New Jersey and New York opens.
1931 - España: la II República reconoce el derecho de voto a las mujeres.
1932 - Albert Collins was born (d. 1993). Blues guitarist.
1934 - Emilio Botín was born. Spanish banker, presidente del BSCH.
1935 - Julie Andrews was born. British actress and singer Mary Poppins
1936 - Stella Stevens wa sborn. American actress
1936 - Francisco Franco is named head of the Nationalist government of Spain.
1938 - Germany annexes the Sudetenland.
1939 - George Archer was born (d. 2005). American golfer.

1939 - George R. Carruthers was born. African-American astrophysicist who was the principal inventor of a new space camera to measure ultraviolet light which can be used to identify interstellar atoms and molecules
1943 - Jean-Jacques Annaud was born. French film director.
1943 - World War II: Naples falls to Allied soldiers.

1945 - Walter Bradford Cannon dies (b. 19 Oct 1871). American neurologist and physiologist who was the first to use X-rays in physiological studies
1945 - Rod Carew was born. Panamanian baseball player
1946 - Nazi leaders sentenced at Nuremberg Trials
1947 - Aaron Ciechanover was born. Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1947 - Stephen Collins was born. American actor
1948 - Cub Koda was born (d. 2000). American singer.
1949 - Isaac Bonewits was born. American author
1949 - Annie Leibovitz was born. Photographer.
1949 - The People's Republic of China is declared by Mao Zedong

1949 - Republic of China (Taiwan) forms on island of Formosa
1949 - First rectangular television tubes manufactured by Kimble Glass
1950 - Randy Quaid was born. American actor.
1953 - Klaus Wowereit was born. German politician.

1953 - Edwin Joseph Cohn dies (b. 17 Dec 1892). American biochemist who helped develop the methods of cold ethanol blood fractionation (the separation of plasma proteins into fractions).

1953 - Greta Andersen Waitz was born in Oslo Norway. Marathoner, New York City - 1984
1954 - Martin Strel was born. Slovenian swimmer.
1955 - Charles Christie dies (b. 1880). American film studio owner.
1956 - Andrus Ansip was born. Estonian Prime-Minister.
1957 - First appearance of "In God We Trust" on paper currency

1957 - Yvette Freeman was born. Actress
1958 - NASA created to replace NACA

1959 - Youssou N'Dour was born in Dakar, Senegal. Composer, singer (Shaking the tree )
1960 - Nigeria gains independence from the United Kingdom
1961 - East and West Cameroon merge as Federal Republic of Cameroon
1961 - Roger Maris sets new record for most home runs in a single season with 61, surpassing Babe Ruth's previous mark of 60.
1962 - A Amnistia Internacional é fundada em Londres, por Sean Mac Bride e Peter Bernson.
1962 - Esai Morales was born. American actor
1963 - Mark McGwire was born. Baseball player
1963 - California State Board of Education created.

1964 - Marco Aurélio Robles assume a presidência do Panamá
1964 - Free Speech Movement is launched on the campus of University of California, Berkeley.
1964 - Japanese Shinkansen (or, "bullet trains") begin high-speed rail service from Tokyo to Osaka.
1964 - Jonathan Sarfati was born. Australian-born chess player, scientist, and author
1965 - General Suharto crushes an attempted coup in Indonesia.

1965 - Cindy Margolis was born. Actress.

1966 - George Weath was born. Liberian football player.

1968 - The Guyanese government takes over the British Guiana Broadcasting Service (BGBS).
1968 - Jon Guenther was born. American author
1969 - The Concorde supersonic transport plane breaks the sound barrier for the first time.
1969 - Em Lisboa, inauguração da sede e museu da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, projectada pelos arquitectos Alberto José Pessoa, Ruy Athoughia e Pedro Cid.

1970 - Moses Kiptanui was born in Kenya. Athlet 1996 Olympics silver
1971 - Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida.

1972 - Louis Leakey dies (b. 7 Aug 1903). Archaeologist and anthropologist

1972 - 2nd New York City Women's Marathon won by Nina Kuscsik in 3:08:41

1972 - 3rd New York City Marathon won by Sheldon Karlin in 2:27:52
1974 - Portugal : O general Costa Gomes toma posse como presidente da República do III Governo Provisório, após a renúncia do general António de Spínola.

1974 - Spyridon Marinatos dies (b. 4 Nov 1901). Greek archaeologist whose most notable discovery was the site of an ancient port city on the island of Thera, in the southern Aegean Sea
1975 - Seychelles gain internal self-government.
1975 - The Ellice Islands split from Gilbert Islands and take the name Tuvalu.
1975 - Thrilla in Manila: Muhammad Ali defeats Joe Frazier in a boxing match in Manila.
1976 - É empossado o Governo Regional da Madeira.

1976 - Inna Zobova was born in Khimky, Russia. Actress
1977 - Brazilian soccer star Pelé retires.
1977 - Claudia Palacios was born. Colombian journalist.
1978 - The Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party is founded.
1978 - Tuvalu (formerly Ellice Islands) declares independence from UK

1979 - Alhaji Shehu Shagari assume a presidência da Nigéria
1979 - United States returns sovereignty of the Panama canal to Panama
1979 - Rudi Johnson was born. American football player
1980 - George Meany dies (b. 1894). American trade union leader.

1980 - Fernanda Vogel was born. Brazilian model.
1982 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
1982 - EPCOT Center opens at Walt Disney World
1985 - The Israeli air force bombs PLO Headquarters in Tunis.
1985 - Dizzee Rascal was born. British musician.
1985 - E. B. White dies (b. 1899). American author.

1986 - Hammer DeRoburt assume (pela 3º vez) a presidência de Nauru.
1988 - Sacheverell Sitwell dies (b. 1897). English writer.
1988 - Mikhail Gorbachev is named head of the Supreme Soviet

1990 - Serbs in Croatia proclaimed autonomy.
1992 - Petra Kelly dies (b. 1947). German politician.
1994 - André Lwoff dies. French physician. Nobel Prize in Medicine laureate in 1965.
1994 - Independência de Palau

1994 - Carlos Lleras Restrepo dies. President of Colombia (1966-70)

1994 - Em São Tomé e Príncipe, o MLSTP/PSD vence as eleições legislativas.
1995 - O PS ganha as eleições em Portugal levando António Guterres ao cargo de Primeiro Ministro.
1995 - Em Portugal, entra em vigor o novo Código Penal.

1995 - Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman and nine other defendants were convicted in New York of conspiring to attack the United States through bombings, assassinations and kidnappings
1997 - Jerome H. Lemelson dies (b. 1923). American inventor.
1998 - ICANN assumes responsibility for selling top-level domain names for the Internet.
1998 - Mika Hakkinen sagra-se campeão mundial de Fórmula 1.

2000 - 27th Olympic games close at Sydney, Australia

2002 - Walter Annenberg dies. Publisher and philanthropist
2004 - Seattle Mariners outfielder Ichiro Suzuki makes his 258th hit of the season, breaking George Sisler's 84-year-old single-season record.
2004 - Richard Avedon dies (b. 1923). American photographer.
2004 - Bruce Palmer dies (b. 1946). Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield).

2004 - Spain's Socialist government approved a controversial law that would give gay and lesbian couples the same right to marry, divorce and adopt children as heterosexuals

2004 - The United Nations launched a massive voluntary repatriation program to return an estimated 340,000 Liberian refugees still scattered across West Africa.
Dia Mundial da Música.
Dia Mundial da Água.
Dia Internacional do Idoso.
Republic of Cyprus — Independence Day
Nigeria — National Day
Tuvalu — Independence Day
People's Republic of China — National Day
San Marino — two Captains Regent, elected by parliament, take office for six months.
Roman Catholic — Feast days of Saint Saint Thérèse de Lisieux and Saint Bavo