On this day in History - Oct 02

1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule.
1264 - Pope Urban IV dies
1452 - King Richard III of England was born ( † 1485)
1535 - Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec.
1539 - Saint Charles Borromeo was born (d. 1574). Italian cardinal.
1559 - Jacquet of Mantua dies (b. 1483). French composer.

1608 - First refracting telescope demonstrated to the Netherlands States General by Hans Lippershey.
1626 - Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de Gondomar dies (b. 1567). Spanish diplomat.
1629 - Pierre de Bérulle dies (b. 1575). French cardinal and statesman.
1629 - Antonio Cifra dies (b. 1584). Italian composer.
1644 - François-Timoléon de Choisy was born (d. 1724). French writer.
1708 - Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles dies (b. 1650). French general.
1724 - François-Timoléon de Choisy dies (b. 1644). French writer.
1725 - Nasce José Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça, quinto Patriarca de Lisboa
1737 - Francis Hopkinson was born (d. 1791). American author and signer of the Declaration of Independence.
1746 - Josiah Burchett dies. English Secretary of the Admiralty
1768 - William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford was born (d. 1854). British general and politician.
1775 - Chiyo-ni dies (b. 1703). Japanese poet.
1780 - American Revolutionary War: British spy John Andre is hanged by American forces for his role in Benedict Arnold's plot to sell West Point to the British Army.
1782 - Charles Lee dies (b. 1732). British and U.S. general.
1798 - King Charles Albert of Sardinia was born (d. 1849)
1800 - Nat Turner was born (d. 1831). American leader of slave uprising.
1803 - Samuel Adams dies (b. 1722). American patriot.

1804 - Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot dies (b. 1725). French inventor who built the first vehicule auto-propulsed of the world.

1814 - Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov dies. Russian poet.

1814 - Chile: finaliza el desastre de Rancagua y comienza la reconquista del país de manos de los españoles.
1832 - Edward Burnett Tylor was born (d. 1917). English anthropologist regarded as the founder of cultural anthropology.
1832 - Brasil: Fim do conflito da Revolução Constitucionalista .

1832 - Julius von Sachs was born in Breslau (d. 29 May 1897). German botanist whose work on nutrition, tropism (response to environmental stimuli), and transpiration of water greatly advanced the knowledge of plant physiology during the second half of the 19th century. He discovered chlorophyll, and its location in plant cells.
1835 - The Texas Revolution begins with the Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
1836 - Naturalist Charles Darwin returns to Falmouth, England aboard the HMS Beagle after a five-year journey collecting biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution.

1846 - Eliza Maria Mosher was born (d. 16 Oct 1928). American physician and educator whose wide-ranging medical career included an educational focus on physical fitness and health maintenance.

1846 - Benjamin Waterhouse dies (b. 4 Mar 1754). American physician and scientist, a pioneer in smallpox vaccination.
1847 - Paul von Hindenburg was born (d. 1934). German officer and politician.

1848 - Georg August Goldfuss dies (b. 1782). German paléonthologist and zoologist.
1850 - Sarah Biffen dies (b. 1784). English painter.
1851 - Ferdinand Foch was born (d. 1929). French soldier.
1852 - William Ramsay was born (d. 23 Jul 1916). Scottish chemist who discovered the "inert gases" neon, kripton and xenon, and co-discovered argon, radon, calcium and barium. 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemist laureate "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system".
1853 - François Jean Dominique Arago dies (b. 26 Feb 1786). French mathematician and physicist who discovered the principle of the production of magnetism by rotation of a non magnetic conductor

1854 - Sir Patrick Geddes was born (d. 17 Apr 1932). Scottish biologist and sociologist who was one of the modern pioneers of the concept of town and regional plan.

1858 - Baron Gerard de Geer was born in Stocholm (d. 1943). Swedish geologist, originator of the varve-counting method used in geochronology
1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Saltville - Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia, but are defeated by Confederate troops.

1865 - Sir Berkeley Moynihan was born (d. 1936). 1st Baron Moynihan (of Leeds), he was a British surgeon and teacher of medicine who was a noted authority on abdominal surgery.

1866 - The first tin can with a key opener was patented by J. Osterhoudt in New York City

1867 - Nilo Peçanha was born († 1924). President of Brazil.
1869 - Mahatma Gandhi was born (d. 1948). Indian political leader, Father of the Nation.
1870 - Plebiscito sanciona a anexação de Roma e do Lazio à Itália (v. Questão Romana)
1871 - Cordell Hull was born ( † 1955). United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

1878 - Conrad Schlumberger was born (d. 1936). German geophysicist and petroleum engineer noted for the invention, in 1927, of a method of continuous electric logging of boreholes.

1879 - Wallace Stevens was born (d. 1955). American poet.

1883 - Karl Terzaghi was born. Civil engineer who founded the branch of civil engineering science known as soil mechanics, a term he coined for the study of the properties of soil under stresses and under the action of flowing water.

1886 - Robert Julius Trumpler was born (d. 10 Sep 1956). Swiss-born U.S. astronomer who moved to the US in 1915 and worked at the Lick Observatory.
1889 - In Colorado, Nicholas Creede strikes it rich in silver during the last great silver boom of the American old west.
1889 - In Washington, DC, the first international Conference of American States begins.
1890 - Groucho Marx was born († 1977). American comedian and actor.

1892 - Ernest Renan dies (b. 27 Feb 1823). French writer, philosopher and historian.
1895 - Bud Abbott was born (d. 1974). American comedian and actor.

1895 - Eugen Langen dies (b. 9 Oct 1833). German engineer who pioneered in building internal-combustion engines.

1901 - Charles Stark Draper was born (d. 25 Jul 1987). American aeronautical engineer, educator, and science administrator who , in 1939, became head of MIT's Instrumentation Laboratory, which was a centre for the design of navigational and guidance systems for ships, airplanes, and missiles from World War II through the Cold War
1901 - Alice Prin was born (d. 1953). French singer and artist.
1901 - Karl Rudolf König dies (b. 1832). German physicist.
1904 - Lal Bahadur Shastri was born (d. 1966).Indian Politician,Prime Minister.
1904 - Graham Greene was born (d. 1991). British novelist.

1906 - Willy Ley was born ( d. 24 Jun 1969). German-American engineer who was a founder of the German Rocket Society.

1907 - Alexander R. Todd was born († 10 Jan 1997). British biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry
1911 - Jack Finney was born (d. 1995). American author.

1913 - Hermínia Silva was born in Lisbon (d. 13 Jun 1993). Portuguese fado singer. Click to download an extract of fado " A Tendinha"

1914 - Jack Parsons was born (d. 1952). American rocket scientist.

1917 - Nasce, em Leça da Palmeira, Óscar Lopes . Professor universitário e ensaísta português.

1917 - Christian de Duve was born. Belgian cytologist biochemist who discovered lysosomes (the digestive organelles of the cell) and peroxisomes (organelles that are the site of metabolic processes involving hydrogen peroxide). He shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Albert Claude and George Palade.
1919 - US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.

1920 - Max Bruch dies. German composer.
1921 - Robert Runcie was born (d. 2000). Archbishop of Canterbury.
1924 - The Geneva Protocol is adopted as a means to strengthen the League of Nations.
1924 - Primeiro golo olímpico em futebol foi marcado num jogo entre Argentina e Uruguai

1925 - Nasce, em S. João do Peso, Lila de Rei, José Cardoso Pires (m. 26 Out 1998). Escritor português, unanimemente considerado um dos maiores escritores portugueses do século XX, numa galeria onde podemos encontrar nomes como José Saramago ou António Lobo Antunes.
1926 - Jan Morris was born. English writer
1927 - Svante Arrhenius dies (b. 19 Feb 1859). Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1903 "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation."
1928 - "Spanky" McFarland was born (d. 1993). American actor
1928 - The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, was founded by Saint Josemaría Escrivá.
1929 - Moses Gunn was born (d. 1993). African-American actor.
1932 - Maury Wills was born. Baseball player

1933 - Philipp Forchheimer dies (b. 7 Aug 1852). Austrian engineer who was a top contributor to the study of groundwater hydrology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries
1934 - Earl Wilson, was born (d. 2005). Baseball player.
1935 - Italy - Mussolini troops - invades Abyssinia (Ethiopia).

1936 - Alcohol plant : the first alcohol power plant is established in Atchison, Kansas.
1937 - Johnnie L. Cochran Jr. was born (d. 2005). American attorney.
1938 - Rex Reed was born. American movie critic and actor .

1940 - Freelan O. Stanley dies (b. 1 Jun 1849). American inventor, who with his twin brother Francis, were the most famous manufacturers of steam-driven automobiles. Francis previously had invented a photographic dry-plate process (1883), and as the Stanley Dry Plate Company the brothers had engaged in the manufacturing of the plates
1941 - World War II: In Operation Typhoon, Germany begins an all-out offensive against Moscow.

1942 - Nuclear fission : the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was demonstrated in Chicago.
1943 - Franklin Rosemont was born. American artist
1944 - Holocaust: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
1945 - Don McLean was born. American songwriter
1948 - Avery Brooks was born. American actor
1947 - Inauguração do MASP : Museu de Arte de S. Paulo (Brasil)
1948 - Donna Karan was born. American fashion designer
1948 - Chris LeDoux was born (d. 2005). American musicician and rodeo performer.
1949 - Richard Hell was born. American musician
1950 - Persis Khambatta was born (d. 1998). Indian actress.
1950 - The comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz is first published in seven US newspapers.
1951 - Sting was born. British singer and actor
1955 - Lorraine Bracco was born. American actress
1955 - The ENIAC computer is deactivated at 11:45 PM.
1955 - Alfred Hitchcock Presents debuts (last new episode aired on June 26, 1962).

1956 - Atomic clock : the Atomicron, the first atomic clock, was unveiled at the Overseas Press Club in New York City.
1958 - Guinea declares itself independent from France.

1958 - Marie Stopes dies (b. 15 Oct 1880). Scottish scientist, educator and birth control advocate was born in Edinburgh
1959 - The Twilight Zone pilot premieres.
1960 - Inauguração do Estádio do Morumbi
1962 - Johnny Carson debuts as host of The Tonight Show.
1962 - Boris Y. Bukreev dies (b. 1859). Soviet mathematician

1963 - Golpe de Estado nas Honduras
1966 - Rodney "Yokozuna" Anoai was born (d. 2000). Samoan professional wrestler.

1966 - Richard Edwin Shope dies (b. 25 Dec 1901). American animal pathologist and virologist who was first to isolate an influenza virus, first to vaccinate animals against influenza, and first to identify (1928) the causative agent as a virus in the 1918-19 Spanish influenza pandemic
1967 - Frankie Fredericks was born. Namibian athlete
1967 - Thurgood Marshall sworn in as the first African-American justice of United States Supreme Court.
1968 - A peaceful student demonstration in Mexico City ends in the Tlatelolco massacre.

1968 - Jana Novotna was born. Czech tennis player
1968 - Marcel Duchamp dies (b. 1887). French painter and sculptor

1970 - Kelly Ripa was born. American actress and television host

1970 - Maribel Verdú was born. Spanish actress.
1971 - Tiffany was born. American singer
1971 - James Root was born. American guitarist (Slipknot)

1972 - Referendum na Dinamarca decide adesão à CEE
1973 - Paavo Nurmi dies (b. 1897). Finnish runner.

1977 - Em Genebra, Anabela Chaves, violinista portuguesa, conquista o 1.o Prémio Internacional de Execução Musical.
1978 - Ayumi Hamasaki was born. Japanese singer.
1978 - Baseball: Bucky Dent hits a home run for the New York Yankees to defeat the Boston Red Sox in a one-game play off at Fenway Park. The home run was Dent's 5th of the season.
1981 - Hazel Scott dies (b. 1920). West Indian-born singer.
1981 - Harry Golden doies (b. 1902). American journalist.
1985 - Rock Hudson dies (b. 1925). American actor.

1985 - Em Portugal, eleições gerais dão ao PDS 30% dos votos, ao PS 20,5%, ao PRD 18%, à APU 15,5% e ao CDS 10,5%.

1987 - Peter Brian Medawar dies (b. 1915). Brazilian-born English scientist.

1988 - South Korea: In Seúl XXIV Olimpic Games closed.
1990 - A Chinese airline Boeing 737-247 is hijacked; after landing at Guangzhou it crashes into two airliners on the ground, killing 132
1992 - The Carandiru Massacre takes place after a riot in the Carandiru prison system in São Paulo, Brazil.
1992 - Renúncia de Fernando Collor, presidente do Brasil, após sofrer impeachment em 29 de setembro. Empossa o cargo seu vice Itamar Franco .

1994 - Portugal : Ao largo de Leixões, mil toneladas de crude são derramadas pelo petroleiro Cercal.
1995 - Iron Maiden lança o álbum The X Factor
1996 - The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton.
1996 - An AeroPerú Boeing 757 crashes in Pacific Ocean shortly after takeoff from Lima, Peru killing 70.
1996 - Lance Armstrong is diagnosed with testicular cancer that spreads to his liver, lungs, and brain.
1997 - Assinado o Tratado de Amsterdã(o) que prevê alterações aos Tratados da UE e CE
1997 - Brasil: Refundação do Partido Trabalhista Nacional
1997 - Terceira e última visita do Papa João Paulo II ao Brasil
1998 - Gene Autry dies (b. 1907). American singer, actor, and entrepreneur
2000 - The science fiction TV-series Andromeda Ascendet premiered, it ended on May 13, 2005.
2001 - Bankruptcy of Swissair.
2001 - First palindromic MM-DD-YYYY date since August 31, 1380.
2002 - Heinz von Foerster dies (b. 1911). Austrian-born physicist and philosopher.
2003 - John T. Dunlop dies (b. 1914). U.S. Secretary of Labor.

2003 - John Maxwell Coetzee South-African writer gets the Nobel Prize in Literature.
2004 - American Samoa joins the North American Numbering Plan.