On this day in History - Jul 05

0649 - St. Martin I began his reign as Pope.

1610 - John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
1681 - Feodor Aleksejevitch, dies. Tsar of Russia
1687 - Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica is published.

1761 - Louis-Léopold Boilly was born (d. 1845) . French painter.

1794 - Sylvester Graham, was born (d. 1851). American inventor of Graham cracker.
1803 - The convention of Artlenburg leads to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).
1810 - Phineas Taylor "P. T." Barnum, was born (d. 1891). American circus owner.
1811 - Venezuela is the first South American country to declare independence from Spain.
1813 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.
1814 - War of 1812: Battle of Chippewa - American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario.

1820 - William John Macquorn Rankine was born. Physicist.
1830 - France invades Algeria.
1833 - Nicéphore Niépce, dies. French inventor.
1852 - A pena de morte para crimes políticos é abolida em Portugal .
1853 - Cecil Rhodes, was born (d. 1902). South African financier, diamond merchant and statesman.
1865 - Hans Ziemann, was born (d. 1939). Physician.
1865 - William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the Salvation Army).
1865 - The world's first maximum speed law is enacted in England.

1879 - Dwight (Filley) Davis was born (d. 28 Nov 1945). Tennis Hall of Famer [inducted in 1956]: founder of Davis Cup [donated first trophy in 1900];tennis player and politician.

1880 - Jan Kubelík, was born (d. 1940). Czech violinist.

1883 - Nasce John Maynard Keynes, economista inglês. A teoria keynesiana propunha a intervenção estatal na vida económica para conduzir ao regime de pleno emprego.
1884 - Germany takes possession of Cameroon.
1886 - Willem Drees, was born (d. 1988). Prime Minister of the Netherlands.
1888 - Herbert Spencer Gasser, was born. American psychologist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1889 - Jean Cocteau, was born (d. 1963). French writer.

1890 - Frederick Lewis Allen, was born (d. 1954). American social historian.
1891 - John Howard Northrop, was born (d. 1987). Americah chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1946 .
1902 - Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., was born (d. 1985). U.S. diplomat.
1904 - Harold Acton, was born (d. 1994). Writer and dilettante.
1904 - Abai Kunanbaiuli, dies. Kazakh poet
1908 - Jonas Lie, dies. Norwegian author
1911 - Georges Pompidou, was born (d. 1974). President of France.

1911 - Liberato Marcial Rojas Cabral assume a presidência do Paraguai.

1914 - Annie Fischer was born. Hungarian pianist.

1918 - George Rochberg, was born (d. 2005). American classical composer.
1920 - Max Klinger, dies. Artist
1924 - Janos Starker, was born. Hungarian Grammy Award-winning cellist [Instrumental Soloist without Orchestra: 1997]: Bach: Suites for Solo Cello Nos. 1–6; Grand prix du disque [France: 1948]
1928 - Warren Oates, was born (d. 1982). American actor.
1930 - Nasce Fernanda Alves na cidade de Lisboa (m. 6 Jan 2000). Actriz portuguesa, recitadora e encenadora (TEP). Figura destacada do Teatro Independente. Pertencia ao elenco do Teatro Nacional D. Maria II. Era membro do PCP (Partido Comunista Português). Casada com o poeta Ernesto Sampaio, este após a sua morte dedicou-lhe o livro "Fernanda" ("É uma planta que continua a florescer depois de ter sido arrancada").
1931 - António de Macedo, nasce em Lisboa. Realizador português e argumentista [Chá Forte com Limão (1993); Abismos da Meia-Noite, Os (1984) ; Príncipe com Orelhas de Burro, O (1980) ; A Promessa (1973); Domingo à Tarde (1965), entre outros]
1932 - Billy Laughlin, was born (d. 1948). American actor.
1932 - Salazar foi nomeado Presidente do Conselho de Ministros de Portugal.
1934 - Katherine Helmond, was born. American actress.
1934 - "Bloody Thursday" - Police open fire on striking longshoremen in San Francisco.
1935 - Nos Estados Unidos, foi publicada a lei que garantia a liberdade sindical.
1936 - Shirley Knight, was born. Actress
1937 - Highest recorded temperature in Canada, at Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan: 45 °C.
1939 - Booker Edgerson, was born. American football player
1940 - World War II: The United Kingdom and the Vichy France government break off diplomatic relations.
1941 - World War II: German troops reach the Dniepr River.
1941 - Barbara Frischmuth, was born. Writer
1943 - Curt Blefary, was born (d. 2001). Major League Baseball player.
1943 - World War II: Battle of Kursk - The largest tank battle in history begins as German tanks attacked the Soviet salient.
1943 - World War II: An Allied invasion fleet sails to Sicily.
1943 - Betty Grable and Harry James got married
1944 - Robbie Robertson, was born. Canadian guitarist
1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Philippines declared.
1945 - John Curtin, dies. Fourteenth Prime Minister of Australia.

1945 - Labour Party won British parliamentary election.
1946 - The bikini is introduced.
1948 - British National Health Service Act enacted.
1948 - Georges Bernanos, dies (b. 1888). French writer.
1950 - Korean War: Task Force Smith - First clash between American and North Korean forces. 1950 - Zionism: The Knesset passes the Law of Return which grants all Jews the right to immigrate to Israel.
1950 - Huey Lewis, was born. American musician
1950 - Michael Monarch, was born. American guitarist (Steppenwolf)
1951 - Rich Gossage, was born. Baseball player
1951 - William Shockley invents the junction transistor.
1954 - João Lopes was born in Caldas da Rainha, Portugal. Portuguese film critic. He wrote in several newspapers since 1973 ("República", "Expresso", "Diario de Notícias" ). Film teacher at Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema. Film writer and director.
1954 - Elvis Presley has his first commercial recording session. He sang That's All Right (Mama) and Blue Moon of Kentucky.
1954 - The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin.
1957 - Charles Sherwood Noble, dies. Inventor
1958 - First ascent of Gasherbrum I, 11th highest peak on the earth
1958 - Bill Watterson, was born. American cartoonist.

1959 - Ben-Gurion's Israeli government resigned.
1962 - Algeria becomes independent from France.
1963 - Edie Falco, was born. American actress.

1964 - Gustavo Díaz Ordaz é eleito presidente do México
1965 - Boddykins, was born. Dagenham, Trainspotter, West Ham Fan
1966 - Kathryn Erbe, was born. American actress .
1966 - Gianfranco Zola was born in Sardinia, Italy. Former football (soccer) player (Chelsea FC)
1966 - George de Hevesy, dies (b. 1885). Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.

1968 - O tenista australiano Rod Laver ganha o Torneio de Wimbledon.

1970 - Luis Echevarría é eleito presidente do México.
1969 - Walter Gropius, dies (b. 1883). German architect.
1969 - John LeClair, was born. American hockey player
1969 - RZA, was born. Rapper .
1969 - Morreu o arquitecto Walter Gropius, fundador da Escola Bauhauss
1969 - Em Londres, no Hyde Park, os Rolling Stones tocaram gratuitamente.
1970 - An Air Canada DC-8 crashes near Toronto International Airport killing 108
1971 - Right to vote: The voting age in the United States is reduced to 18 from 21 (provision of the 26th Amendment formally certified by President Richard Nixon on this day).
1975 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon singles title.
1975 - Cape Verde gains its independence from Portugal.
1975 - Otto Skorzeny, dies. German commando who rescued Benito Mussolini.

1975 - Nascimento de Hernán Jorge Crespo. Jogador argentino de futebol.

1976 - Em Espanha, entrou em vigor a Lei de Associação Política
1976 - Nuno Gomes, was born. Portuguese footballer. He represents Benfica, Portugal's champion 2004/2005 .
1978 - Publicada a Lei Orgânica do Ministério Público, em Portugal.
1979 - Shane Filan, was born. Member of the Irish boyband Westlife

1979 - Amélie Mauresmo was born. French tennis player

1980 - Raquel Welch and Harry James got married. It was the third marriage of Raquel
1982 - Alberto Gilardino, was born. Italian footballer.

1982 - Jimmy Connors won the men’s singles tennis title at Wimbledon. Connors beat John McEnroe 3-6, 6-3, 6-7, 7-6, 6-4.
1983 - Harry James, dies. Musician, swing-era bandleader, trumpet player.
1983 - É criada em Portugal a Reserva Ecológica Nacional.
1983 - Fundación del Club Deportivo Provincial Osorno, Chile
1985 - Fundação da Liga de Futebol Profissional da Venezuela
1985 - Stephanie McIntosh, was born. Australian actress
1989 - Iran-Contra Affair: Oliver North is sentenced by U.S. District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell to a three-year suspended prison term, two years probation, $150,000 in fines and 1,200 hours community service.
1991 - Howard Nemerov, dies (b. 1920). Poet.

1992 - Andre Agassi won his first Grand Slam title, defeating Goran Ivanisevic at Wimbledon.
1994 - The United States announced it would be refusing entry to further unrestricted immigration from Haiti.
1995 - Morreu a actriz espanhola Irene Gutiérrez Caba.
1996 - Dolly the sheep, was born. First cloned mammal.

1998 - Pete Sampras won Wimbledon for the fifth time in six years with a 6-7 (2-7), 7-6 (11-9), 6-4, 3-6, 6-2 triumph over Goran Ivanisevic.
1998 - Japan launches a probe to Mars, and thus joins the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.
1998 - Sid Luckman, dies. American football player.
2001 - Hannelore Kohl, dies (suicide). Wife of Chancellor of Germany Helmut Kohl.

2001 - O Tribunal de Haia confirma a condenação a 40 anos de prisão para o serviobosnio Goran Jelisic por crimes contra a humanidade.
2002 - Katy Jurado, dies. Actress
2002 - Ted Williams, dies (b. 1918). Baseball Hall of Famer.
2003 - Roman Lyashenko, dies. Hockey player.
2003 - Taiwan is the last territory to be removed from the WHO's list of SARS affected areas.

2003 - Serena Williams beat sister Venus for her 2nd straight Wimbledon title.
2004 - First Indonesian presidential election, 2004 by the nation.
2004 - Éric Gagné's consecutive saves streak comes to an end at 84.
2004 - Rodger Ward, dies (b. 1921). Auto racer.
Algeria: Independence Day (1962)
Cape Verde: Independence Day (1975)
Isle of Man: Tynwald Day (1266)
Venezuela: Independence Day (1811)
Church of the SubGenius: X-Day (1998).