Nothingandall: On this day in History

47 BC - Prince Caesarion of Egypt, was born. Pharaoh Ptolemy XV.
0079 - Vespasian, Roman Emperor dies (b. AD 9)
1018 - Henry I of Austria dies
1295 - Pope Boniface VIII enters Rome.
1305 - Flemish-French peace treaty signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
1314 - Start of the Battle of Bannockburn south of Stirling, Edward II of England & Robert I of Scotland met in battle. Scotland won and Edward fled the field and Scotland.
1433 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany was born (d. 1488)
1516 - Ferdinand II of Aragon dies (b. 1452)
1532 - Henry VIII & François I sign secret treaty against Emperor Charles V.
1534 - Oda Nobunaga, was born (d. 1582). Japanese warlord (daimyo).
1611 - The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in the Atlantic Ocean; they are never heard from again.
1661 - Marriage contract between Charles II of England & Catharina of Portugal. Tratado de paz e aliança entre Carlos II de Inglaterra e D. Afonso VI. Com o casamento de D. Catarina, irmã de D. Afonso, o pagamento de 2 milhões de cruzados de dote, e a entrega de Tânger e de Bombaim, a Inglaterra enviará uma força militar de 3.000 homens para ajuda na defesa de Portugal, e garantirá o seu apoio internacional.
1662 - D. Afonso destitui a regente (D. Luisa de Gusmão) e assume a coroa portuguesa
1683 - William Penn signs friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape Indians in Pennsylvania.
1713- French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada.
1724 - Russia and Turkey sign Treaty of Constantinople.
1733 - Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, dies (b. 1672). Swiss scholar.

1750 - Dieudonné Dolomieu was born (d. 26 Nov 1801). French geologist and mineralogist after whom the mineral dolomite was named.
1757 - Battle of Plassey - 3000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj-ud-Dawlah at Plassey.
1758 - Seven Years War: Battle of Krefeld - British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.
1760 - Seven Years War: Battle of Landshut - Austria beats Prussia.
1763 - Josephine de Beauharnais, was born (d. 1814). Empress of France (1804-14).

1775 - Étienne-Louis Malus was born (d. 23 Feb 1812). French physicist who discovered that light, when reflected, becomes partially plane polarized; i.e., its rays vibrate in the same plane.
1794 - Empress Catherine II grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
1799 - Jan Antoon Garemijn dies (b. 1712). Flemish Rococo painter.
1800 - Karol Marcinkowski, was born (d. 1846). Polish physician and social activist.

1810 - John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.

1811 - Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida dies (b. 10 Sep 1740). Portugal's leading satirical poet of the 18th century. Ver também em português Nicolau Tolentino

1828 - O rei Miguel I de Portugal a sua sobrinha, a rainha Maria II de Portugal, dando início às Guerras Liberais de 1828. Reunião dos três estados do reino que aclamam o infante D. Miguel como rei absoluto.
1832 - James Hall, dies (b. 1761). Scottish geologist.

1836 - James Mill, dies (b. 1773). Scotish philosopher.

1848 - Adolphe Sax was awarded a patent for the saxophone.

1858 - Six-year-old Edgardo Mortara is seized by Papal authorities.

1860 - Sir (Walter) Baldwin Spencer was born (d. 14 Jul 1929). English biologist and anthropologist, the first trained and experienced scientist to enter the field of Australian anthropology.
1860 - The US Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.
1865 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
1881 - Matthias Jakob Schleiden, dies (b. 5 Apr 1804). German botanist who first formulated the theory that plants are composed of cells.

1887 - The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada, creating that nation's first national park, Banff National Park.
1887 - Ernst Rowohlt, was born (d. 1960). Publisher.
1888 - Frederick Douglass is the first African-American nominated for US president.
1894 - Alfred Charles Kinsey, was born (d. 25 Aug 1956). Entomologist, sexologist. (The Sexual Behavior of the Human Male).
1894 - International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne, Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.

1894 - Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, was born (d. 1972). Duke of Windsor.

1901 - Otto Heckmann was born (d. 13 May 1983). German astronomer noted for measuring stellar positions and his studies of relativity and cosmology.

1902 - Dr. Howard T. Engstrom was born (d. 9 Mar 1962). American computer designer who promoted the first commercially available digital computer, the Univac

1904 - Carleton (Stevens) Coon was born (d. 6 Jun 1981). American anthropologist who made notable contributions to cultural and physical anthropology and archaeology, with controversial studies of the origins and contemporary variations of human racial types
1905 - Mary Livingstone, was born (d. 1983). Actress and wife of Jack Benny.
1906 - Wolfgang Koeppen, was born (d. 1996). Author.

1910 - Jean Anouilh, was born (d. 1987). French dramatist.
1910 - Gordon B. Hinckley, was born. President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1912 - Alan Turing, was born (d. 1954). Mathematician, founder of computer science .

1915 - First wholesale slaughter of Armenian men in Harput (Kharpert), Turkey
de 1921. O Diário de Notícias de Lisboa lança o primeiro concurso de beleza em Portugal com o título de Rainha de Beleza.
1916 - Len Hutton, was born (d. 1990). English cricketer.
1916 - Hermann Gmeiner, was born (d. 1986). Pedagogue.
1916 - Irene Worth, was born (d. 2002). Actress.

1927 - Bob Fosse, was born (d. 1897). Choreographer and director (Cabaret)
1929 - June Carter Cash, was born (d. 2003). Country music singer.
1931 - Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane. /EX27.htm)
1936 - Costas Simitis, was born. Greek Prime Minister
1938 - The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
1938 - Marineland opens near St. Augustine, Florida.
1940 - World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.
1940 - A Exposição do Mundo Português é inaugurada em Lisboa, na Praça do Império.
1940 - Adam Faith, was born (d. 200.3). Singer and actor.
1940 - Lord Irvine of Lairg, was born. British lawyer and Lord Chancellor
1940 - Wilma Rudolph, was born (d. 1994). American runner. At the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, she became the first American to win three gold medals.
1941- Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence (June independence) of Lithuania from Soviet Union; it lived only briefly however as nazis occupied Lithuania few weeks later.
1943 - James Levine, was born. American conductor.
1943 - Vint Cerf, was born. Co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and a Father of the Internet
1944 - Thomas Mann becomes a US citizen.

1945 - Simon Lake dies (b. 4 Sep 1866). U.S. inventor who built the "Argonaut," the first submarine to operate extensively in the open sea.
1947 - The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
1948 - Clarence Thomas, was born. United States Supreme Court Justice
1948 - Darhyl S. Ramsey, was born. American author and professor of music education.
1950 - Orani João Tempesta, was born. Brazilian catholic bishop.

1950 - Swiss parliament refused voting rights for women.
1951 - British diplomats Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, two soviet spies, flee to the USSR
1956 - Gamal Abdel Nasser elected president of Egypt.
1956 - Glenn Danzig, was born. Rock and roll performer.
1956 - Reinhold Glière, dies (b. 1875). Russian composer.
1957 - Frances McDormand, was born. Actress
1958 - The Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers.
1959 - Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany (where he resumed a scientific career).
1959 - A fire in a resort hotel in Stalheim, Norway kills 34 people.
1959 - Boris Vian, dies (b. 1920). Writer and musician.
1960 - Japan signs security treaty with the U.S.

1960 - The Food and Drug Administration approved Enovid by GD Searle, the first oral contraceptive.
1963 - Colin Montgomerie, was born. Golfer
1964 - Joss Whedon, was born. Producer, director, screenwriter
1967 - Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference.
1968 - 74 are killed and 150 injured in a soccer stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium.
1969 - Warren E. Burger is sworn in as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring chief Earl Warren.

1969 - Joe Frazier TKOs Jerry Quarry in 8 for heavyweight boxing title
1969 - Fernanda Ribeiro was born in Penafiel. Portuguese atleth ( Olympics: 1996 Gold 10000m, 2000 bronze 10000m. Worlds: 1995 Gold 10000m, silver 5000m, 1997 silver 10000m, bronze 5000m. European: 1994 Gold 10000m, 1998 silver 10000m).
1972 - Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House chief of staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins.
1972 - Selma Blair, was born. Actress
1972 - Zinedine Zidane, was born. French football player
1973 - Marie N, was born. Latvian singer, Eurovision Song Contest winner
1973 - The Pope opens the vatican gallery of modern art
1975 - Kevin Dyson, was born. American football player
1976 - Brandon Stokley was born, American football player
1976 - Patrick Vieira, was born. French footballer
1977 - Jason Mraz, was born. singer/songwriter
1979 - LaDainian Tomlinson, was born. American football player
1979 - Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line during 1980.
1980 - Ramnaresh Sarwan, was born. Guyanese cricketer.

1980 - Sanjay Gandhi, Indian politician, was murdered.
1980 - Clyfford Still, dies. Painter.

1980 - West German wins European soccer title (2-1 against Belgium)
1985 - A Boeing 747 carrying Air India Flight 182 blew-up 31,000 feet (9500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, South of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard.

1988 - Henry (Alexander) Murray dies (b. 13 May 1893). American psychologist who developed a theory of human personality based on an individual's inborn needs and his relationship with the physical and social environment.
1989 - The movie Batman is released in the United States.
1990 - Moldavia declares independence.
1991 - Sonic the Hedgehog is released for the Sega Genesis in North America
1992 - Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2.
1992 - Yitzhak Rabin wins the Israeli parlamentary elections.

1993 - Zdenek Kopal dies (b. 4 Apr 1914). Czech-born astronomer who directed an international project, financed by the U.S. Air Force, to photograph and map the entire surface of the Moon by using the refracting telescope at the Pic du Midi Observatory in southern France.
1994 - Reintegrada a África do Sul na ONU
1995 - Jonas Salk, dies (b. 28 Oct 1914). American Jewish physician and medical researcher, born in New York City, who developed the first safe and effective vaccine for poliomyelitis
1996 - Andreas Papandreou, dies (b. 1919). Prime Minister of Greece.
1997 - Dr. Betty Shabazz, dies. Wife of Malcolm X
1998 - Maureen O'Sullivan, dies. Actress.
1998 - Morte do cantor brasileiro Leandro (dupla sertaneja Leandro e Leonardo)
2001 - The video game Sonic Adventure 2 was released cellebrating the 10th anniversary of Sonic the Hedgehog.
2002 - Pedro 'El Rockero' Alcazar, dies. Panamanian boxer
2003 - Vasil Bykau, dies. Belarusian writer.