On this day - Apr 07

• 0529 - first draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I.
• 1118 - Pope Gelasius II excommunicated Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor .
• 1348 - Charles University is founded in Prague.
• 1498 - King Charles VIII of France dies (b. 1470) .
• 1506 - Saint Francis Xavier, was born (d. 1552). Founder of the Society of Jesus .
• 1521 - Ferdinand Magellan arrives at Cebu .
• 1534 - José de Anchieta, was born. Spanish jesuit/missionary (Brazilian Tupi-Indians).
• 1541 - Spanish founder of the Jesuits Francis Xavier, 35, and three friends set sail from Lisbon, Portugal for Goa. They became the first Roman Catholic missionaries to travel to India.
• 1570 - Luiz Vaz de Camões chega a Cascais a bordo da nau 'Santa Fé' .
• 1614 - El Greco (Domenikos Theotocopoulos), artist (b. 1541) Greek Spanish Mannerist painter. He was a master of Spanish painting, whose highly individual dramatic and expressionistic style and elongated figures met with the puzzlement of his contemporaries but gained newfound appreciation in the 20th century. He also worked as a sculptor and as an architect.
• 1638 - Shimazu Tadatsune, dies (b. 1576). Japanese daimyo.
• 1648 - Ferdinand van Kessel, was born. Flemish painter .
• 1652 - Dutch establish settlement at Cape Town, South Africa.
• 1652 - Pope Clement XII, [Lorenzo Corsini] was born (d. 1740).
• 1655 - Fabio Chigi becomes Pope Alexander VII .
• 1668 - William Davenant, dies (b. 1606). English poet.
• 1719 - Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, French priest/theory/saint, dies at 67.
• 1726 - Nasceu o musicólogo inglês Charles Burney.
• 1717 - Michel Adanson was born (d. 3 Aug 1806). French botanist who devised a natural system of classification and nomenclature of plants, based on all their physical characteristics, with an emphasis on families.
• 1739 - Dick Turpin, dies hanged (b. 1706). Highwayman.
• 1761 - Thomas Bayes dies (b. 1702). Mathematician.
• 1770 - William Wordsworth, was born (d. 1850). English poet.
• 1772 - Charles Fourier, was born (d. 1837). French philosopher.
• 1789 - Abd-ul-Hamid I, dies (b. 1725). Ottoman sultan.
• 1795 - France adopts the metre as the unit of length .
• 1798 - The Mississippi Territory is organized from territory ceded by Georgia and South Carolina and is later twice expanded to include disputed territory claimed by both the U.S. and Spain.
• 1803 - James Curtiss, was born (d. 1859). Mayor of Chicago, IL .
• 1805 - Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery breaks camp among the Mandan tribe and resumes its journey West along the Missouri River.
• 1809 - James Glaisher was born (d. 7 Feb 1903). English meteorologist and aeronaut. Between 1862-66, mostly with Henry Tracey Coxwell, he made balloon ascents, many of which were arranged by a committee of the British Association.The object was to carry out scientific observations such as the variation in temperature and humidity of the atmosphere at high elevations.
• 1816 - Christian Konrad Sprengel dies (b. 22 Sep 1750).German botanist and teacher whose studies of sex in plants led him to a general theory of fertilization which, basically, is accepted today.
• 1817 - Francesco Selmi was born (d. 13 Aug 1881). Italian chemist and toxicologist who is considered one of the founders of colloid chemistry.
• 1823 - Morria Jacques-Alexandre-Cesar Charles (n. 12 Nov 1746). Matemático, físico, e inventor francês que, com Nicolas Robert, foi o primeiro em ascender em um balão de hidrogênio (1783). Em aproximadamente 1787 ele desenvolveu a lei de Charles relativa à expansão térmica dos gases.
• 1823 - Fundação da Sociedad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas - Buenos Aires .
• 1823 - Nascimento de Guillaume Jules Hoüel. Matemático francês.
• 1827 - John Walker (inventor), an English chemist, invents the friction match.
• 1831 - Emperor Pedro I of Brazil abdicates in favor of his son, Pedro II .
• 1856 - Foundation of Nelson College, Nelson, New Zealand .
• 1858 - Anton Diabelli, dies (b. 1781). Music publisher, editor and composer.
• 1859 - Jacques Loeb was born (d. 11 Feb 1924). German-born American biologist noted chiefly for his experimental work on artificial parthenogenesis (reproduction without fertilization).
• 1860 - Nace Will Keith Kellogg, fundador de la compañía de cereales que lleva su nombre.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Shiloh ends - Union Army under General Ulysses S. Grant defeat the Confederates near Shiloh, Tennessee.
• 1866- (Erik) Ivar Fredholm was born (d. 17 Aug 1927). Swedish mathematician who founded modern integral equation theory.
• 1867 - Holger Pedersen, was born (d. 1953). Dutch linguist.
• 1869 - David Grandison Fairchild was born (d. 6 Aug 1954). American botanist and agricultural explorer who supervised the introduction of many useful plants into the United States.
• 1871 - Alexander Lloyd, dies (b. 1805). Mayor of Chicago, IL.
• 1873 - John McGraw, was born (d. 1934). Baseball coach, manager, player, Hall of Famer .
• 1883 - Gino Severini,was born in Cortona, Italy (d. 27 Feb 1966). Cubist / Futurist painter.
• 1884 - Bronislaw (Kasper) Malinowski was born (d.16 May 1942). Polish-born British anthropologist one of the most important anthropologists of the 20th century who is widely recognized as the founder of social anthropology and principally associated with field studies of the peoples of Oceania.
• 1885 - Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold, dies (b. 16 Feb 1804).German zoologist who studied primarily invertebrates (such as jelly fish, intestinal worms, salamanders and freshwater fish).
• 1889 - Gabriela Mistral, [Lucila Godoy Alcayaga] was born (d.1957). Chilean poetess - Nobel Prize 1945.
• 1891 - Victoria Ocampo, was born. Argentine writer.
• 1891 - Ole Kirk Christiansen, was born in Denmark, inventor of Lego .
• 1891 - P. T. Barnum, dies (b. 1810) . Circus impresario.
• 1893 - Allen Dulles, was born (d. 1969). Director of the Central Intelligence Agency .
• 1893 - Nascia Almada Negreiros, em S. Tomé e Príncipe. Escritor e artista plástico português.
• 1894 - Aparece en Buenos Aires el diario socialista "La Vanguardia", fundado Juan B. Justo.
• 1897 - Walter Winchell, was born (d. 1972). Broadcaster, journalist.
• 1899 - Robert Casadesus, was born (d. 1972). French pianist.
• 1900 - Frederic Edwin Church, dies (b. 04 May 1826). US Hudson River School painter specialized in Landscapes.
• 1902 - Texas Oil Company (Texaco) forms .
• 1906 - Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.
• 1906 - The Algeciras Conference gives France and Spain control over Morocco.
• 1908 - Herbert Henry Asquith takes office as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman .
• 1908 - Percy Faith, was born (d. 1976). Composer, musician.
• 1908 - Gustavo Lacerda funda no Rio de Janeiro a Associação Brasileira de Imprensa (ABI).
• 1911 - Kenneth (Page) Oakley, was born (d. 2 Nov 1981). English physical anthropologist, geologist, and paleontologist best known for his work in the relative dating of fossils by fluorine content .
• 1915 - Billie Holiday, was born (d. 1959). American jazz and Blues singer.
• 1915 - Henry Kuttner, was born (d. 1958). Science fiction writer.
• 1917 - Cuba declara guerra contra a Alemanha .
• 1917 - Panamá declara guerra contra a Alemanha .
• 1918 - Bobby Doerr, was born. Baseball player, Hall of Famer .
• 1920 - Ravi Shankar, was born. Musician.
• 1921 - Foi fundado o jornal Diário de Lisboa .
• 1922 - Mongo Santamaria, was born (d. 2003). Latin jazz musician.
• 1922 - Teapot Dome scandal: United States Secretary of the Interior leases Teapot Dome oil reserves in Wyoming.
• 1922 - Nascimento em São Paulo de Dircinha Batista (Dirce Grandino de Oliveira), estrela do cinema brasileiro.
• 1924 - Johannes Mario Simmel, was born. Austrian writer.
• 1924 - Em Lisboa, os aviadores Brito Pais, Sarmento Beires e Manuel Gouveia iniciam a primeira viagem aérea até Macau.
• 1927 - First long distance public television broadcast (Washington, DC to New York City; image was of Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover).
• 1928 - James Garner, [James Scott Bumgarner] was born in Norman, Oklahoma- USA. Actor.
• 1928 - Alan J. Pakula, was born in The Bronx, New York, USA (d. 19 Nov 1998). Film director. Producer. [Sophie's Choice (1982) (producer and director); The Pelican Brief (1993) (producer and director); The Parallax View (1974) (producer and director) Presumed Innocent (1990) (director), etc. ].
• 1934 - Ian Richardson, was born. British actor .
• 1934 - The U.S. Congress passes the Jones-Connally Farm-Relief Act.
• 1934 - In India, Mahatma Gandhi suspended his campaign of civil disobedience .
• 1938 - Freddie Hubbard, was born. Jazz trumpeter.
• 1939 - Francis Ford Coppola,was born in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Film director [ Apocalypse Now (1979); The Godfather (1972); The Cotton Club (1984) ; New York Stories (1989) (segment "Life without Zoe") ; Dracula (1992); Lost in Translation (2003) (executive producer)... ] .
• 1939 - Sir David Frost, was born. Broadcaster, television host.
• 1939 - World War II: Italy invades Albania.
• 1939 - Joseph Lyons, dies (b. 1879). Tenth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1940 - Booker T. Washington becomes the first African American to be depicted on a United States postage stamp.
• 1941 - Nascimento no Rio de Janeiro de Mussum (Antonio Carlos Bernades Gomes), astro do cinema brasileiro.
• 1943 - First synthesis of LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide, by Albert Hoffman.
• 1944 - Gerhard Schröder, was born. German Bundeskanzler (chancellor) since 1998.
• 1945 - World War II: The Japanese battleship Yamato is sunk 200 miles north of Okinawa while in-route to a suicide mission.
• 1946 - Syria's independence from Vichy France is officially recognised.
• 1946 - Colette Besson, was born. French runner .
• 1947 - Henry Ford, dies (b. 30 Jul 1863).Inventor, American automobile manufacturer and industrialist. In 1903 the Ford Motor Company was incorporated.
• 1948 - The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.
• 1948 - Costa Rica torna-se membro da Food and Agriculture Organization - FAO
• 1949 - John Oates, was born. Musician ("Hall and Oates")
• 1950 - Walter Huston, dies (b. 1884). Academy Award winning actor.
• 1951 - Janis Ian, was born. Singer and songwriter .
• 1953 - Dag Hammarskjöld is elected United Nations Secretary General.
• 1953- Assembléia geral da ONU indica o sueco Dag Hammarskjold para o cargo de secretário-geral .
• 1954 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his "domino theory" speech during a news conference.
• 1954 - Jackie Chan, [Kong-sang Chan] was born in Hong Kong. Actor.
• 1954 - Tony Dorsett, was born. American football star.
• 1955 - Werner Stocker, was born. Actor .
• 1955 - Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
• 1955 - Theda Bara, dies (b. 1885). Silent film actress.
• 1956 - Spain relinquishes its protectorate in Morocco.
• 1956 - Christopher Darden, was born. O.J. Simpson prosecuter .
• 1961 - Marian Jordan, dies. Actress .
• 1961 - Morte do compositor egípcio Yusef Greiss.
• 1963 - Yugoslavia is proclaimed to be a Socialist republic and Josip Broz Tito is named President for life.
• 1964 - IBM announces the System/360 .
• 1964 - Russell Crowe, was born in Wellington, North Island - New Zealand. Actor.
• 1965 - Bill Bellamy, was born. Actor, comedian (Fled, Any Given Sunday, Fastlane)
• 1966 - Gary Wilkinson, was born. English snooker player.
• 1967 - Six-Day War: Israeli fighters shoot down seven Syrian MIG-21s.
• 1968 - Jim Clark. Racing driver, dies killed in a car crash during a Formula Two race at Hockenheimin (b. 1936).
• 1968 - Lançamento da missão espacial russa Luna 14 .
• 1969 - Jack Black , was born in Edmonton, Alberta - Canadá. Actor.
• 1969 - The Internet's symbolic birth date: publication of RFC 1.
• 1970 - 42nd Academy Awards - Best Picture: "Midnight Cowboy,"; Best Actor - John Wayne for his role in True Grit; Best Actress - Maggie Smith in Prime of Miss Jean Brodiewin.
• 1973 - Morte do bispo angolano Pompeu de Sá Leão e Seabra .
• 1976 - Chinese Politburo fires vice-premier Deng Xiaoping .
• 1977 - German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback and his driver are shot by two Red Army Faction members while waiting at a red light .
• 1977 - Toronto Blue Jays play their first-ever game of baseball against the Chicago White Sox .
• 1980 - The United States severs diplomatic relations with Iran and imposes economic sanctions following the taking of American hostages on November 4, 1979.
• 1981 - Norman Taurog, dies. Director .
• 1983 - During STS-6, astronauts Story Musgrave and Don Peterson perform the first space shuttle spacewalk (duration: 4 hours, 10 minutes).
• 1983 - A human skeleton aged 80,000 years old was discovered in Egypt.
• 1986 - Sinclair sells computer business. Home computing pioneer Sir Clive Sinclair sells rights to his machines to Amstrad in a £ 5 m deal.
• 1986 - Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich dies (b.19 Jan 1912. Soviet mathematician and economist who shared the 1975 Nobel Prize for Economics with Tjalling Koopmans for their work on the optimal allocation of scarce resources.
• 1988 - Russia announced it would withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.
• 1989 - Soviet submarine Komsomolets sinks in the Barents Sea off the coast of Norway after a fire. 42 sailors die.
• 1990 - Iran Contra Affair: John Poindexter is found guilty of five charges for his part in the scandal but the convictions were later reversed after an appeal.
• 1993 - Attack submarine ex-Queenfish completes being recycled .
• 1994 - Golo Mann, dies (b. 1909). German historian.
• 1994 - Massacres of Tutsis begin in Kigali, Rwanda.
• 1997 - Georgi Shonin, dies (b. 1935). Cosmonaut .
• 1997 - Jacques Villeneuve (Equipe Williams) vence o Grande Prêmio de Buenos Aires .
• 1998 - Citicorp and Travelers Group announce plans to merge creating the largest financial-services conglomerate in the world, Citigroup.
• 1998 - Witto Aloma, dies (b. 1923). Major League Baseball player.
• 1998 - Marjory Stoneman Douglas, dies (b. 1890). Preeminent conservationist and environmentalist.
• 1999 - Kosovo War: Kosovo's main border crossings are closed by Serbian forces to prevent ethnic Albanians from leaving.
• 1999 - Segunda visita del Dalai Lama a Argentina. Es declarado Ciudadano Ilustre de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.
• 2000 - Attack submarine ex-Trepang completes being recycled .
• 2001- Mars Odyssey is launched.
• 2001 - An M-17 helicopter crashes into mountain in south of Hanoi, Vietnam killing 16.
• 2001 - Beatrice Straight, dies (b. 1914). Academy Award-winning actress.
• 2003 - US troops capture Baghdad, Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.
• 2003 - Ferdinand Seibt, dies. Historian.
• 2003 - Jutta Hipp, dies. Pianist .
• 2003 Casamento do ator Russell Crowe com a cantora Danielle Spencer .
• 2003 - Cecile de Brunhoff, dies. Children's book author Babar .
• World Health Day - April 7th of every year is designated as World Health Day and celebrated by the 191 member countries of the World Health Organization to emphasize significant issues in public health of worldwide concern. Observed annually since 1948.
• Mozambique -Womens' Day.