On this day in History - 14 Feb.

• 1014 - Pope Boniface I recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany.
• 1076 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1400 - King Richard II of England murdered (b. 1367) .
• 1405 - Timur (aka Tamerlane), Mongol monarch and conqueror (b. 1336) .
• 1483 - Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah, founder of the Moghul dynasty (d. 1530) .
• 1536 - Las tropas de Hernando Pizarro, sitiadas en Cuzco por los incas, hacen una salida y los derrotan en una terrible matanza.
• 1556 - Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
• 1642 - Incendio de la ciudad de México, el más antiguo y uno de los más voraces de los conocidos en su historia.
• 1743 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister.
• 1766 - Thomas Malthus, was born, economist (d. 1834) .
• 1779 - James Cook (b. 1728) British naval captain and explorer is killed by the natives of the Sandwich Islands.
• 1782 - Reforma pautal, em Portugal, com o objectivo de reorganizar as alfândegas.
• 1782 - Criação da Companhia dos Guarda Marinhas da Armada portuguesa.
• 1791 - O contrato de diamantes em bruto do Brasil é entregue a Joaquim Pedro Quintela .
• 1803 - Chief Justice John Marshall declares that any act of U.S. Congress which conflicts with the Constitution is void.
• 1804 - Karadjordje led the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.
• 1811 - Nasce Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, escritor e político argentino.
• 1817 - El general San Martín entra triunfalmente en Santiago de Chile, plaza abandonada por las tropas españolas.
• 1819 - Joshua A. Norton, was born, Emperor Norton I of the United States of America and Protector of Mexico (d. 1880).
• 1820 - Muere el médico argentino Cosme Argerich.
• 1831 - Fusilamiento del general y político mexicano Vincente Guerrero, (b. 1782) tras ocupar la presidencia de la República.
• 1831 - Henry Maudslay, dies, inventor and machine tool-maker (b. 1771) .
• 1849 - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
• 1854 - Texas is linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas is completed.
• 1856 - Frank Harris, author and editor (d. 1931) .
• 1859 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
• 1861 - Morre o pintor português Francisco Metrass, nascido em 7 de Fevereiro de 1825.
• 1869 - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, morre, físico britanico, premio Nobel de Física em 1927.
• 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent for the telephone. So did Elisha Gray.
• 1879 - The War of the Pacific broke out when Chilean armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
• 1880 - Se aprueba en Madrid el Reglamento de las corridas de toros.
• 1884 - Hezekiah M. Washburn, was born, missionary (d. 1972) .
• 1890 - Nina Hamnett, was born, artist (d. 1956) .
• 1894 - Jack Benny, was born, actor, comedian (d. 1974) .
• 1895 - Max Horkheimer, was born, philosopher and sociologist (d. 1973) .
• 1895 - First showing of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnest (St James's Theatre in London).
• 1898 - Fritz Zwicky, was born, physicist and astronomer (d. 1974).
• 1898 - Nace Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz, autor de "El hombre que está solo y espera", defensor de la nacionalización de los ferrocarriles en Argentina.
• 1899 - Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
• 1900 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
• 1900 - Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
• 1902 - É fundada em Washington a Aliança Internacional para o Voto Feminino, por iniciativa da Associação do Sufrágio Americana.
• 1903 - O bloqueio dos portos venezuelanos é suspenso, firmando-se um protocolo com as três potências aliadas: Reino Unido, Alemanha e Itália.
• 1903 - The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of Labor).
• 1905 - Thelma Ritter, was born, actress (d. 1969) .
• 1907 - Reconhecimento da liberdade de associação sem autorização prévia.
• 1910 - Cinqüenta mil manifestantes pedem, em Berlim, um sistema eleitoral livre, igualitário, direto e secreto na Prússia.
• 1912 - Arizona is admitted as the 48th U.S. state.
• 1912 - In Groton, Connecticut, the first diesel-powered submarine is commissioned.
• 1912 - Tibor Sekelj, was born, Croat explorer (d. 1988) .
• 1913 - Jimmy Hoffa, was born, labor union leader (d. 1975 (disappeared)) .
• 1913 - Mel Allen, was born, sports reporter (d. 1996) .
• 1916 - Masaki Kobayashi, was born, director .
• 1917 - Herbert A. Hauptman, was born, biophysicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 .
• 1918 - The movie Tarzan of the Apes is released.
• 1918 - The Soviet Union adopts the Gregorian calendar (1 February according to the Julian calendar).
• 1920 - The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1921 - Hugh Downs, was born, game show host, journalist .
• 1923 - Manuel Querino, historiador afro-brasileiro (n. 1851) .
• 1924 - IBM corporation founded.
• 1927 - Um terremotono no sul da Iugoslávia causa a morte de 600 pessoas.
• 1928 - O médico bacteriologista escocês Alexander Fleming descobre casualmente a penicilina, que trouxe grandes resultados para o tratamento de doenças infecciosas.
• 1929 - St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven gangsters rivalling Al Capone are murdered in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1929 - Vic Morrow, was born, actor (d. 1982).
• 1930 - Carlos Zara, nascimento de, ator brasileiro .
• 1932 - Alexander Kluge, was born, actor and film director .
• 1933 - Colombia hace retroceder a las fuerzas peruanas. La Sociedad de Naciones condena la acción de Perú.
• 1934 - Michel Corboz, was born, Swiss conductor .
• 1934 - Florence Henderson, was born, American television actress.
• 1936 - AG Weser launches the first of 162 U-boats (last one launched on March 1, 1945).
• 1943 - World War II:Rostov, Russia is liberated.
• 1943 - World War II: The Battle of the Kasserine Pass - German General Erwin Rommel and his Afrika Korps launch an offensive against Allied defenses in Tunisia.
• 1943 - Maceo Parker, was born, musician (P-Funk) .
• 1943 - David Hilbert, dies, mathematician (b. 1862) .
• 1944 - World War II: Anti-Japanese revolt on Java.
• 1944 - Alan Parker, was born director, writer .
• 1944 - Carl Bernstein, was born, journalist .
• 1945 - Bombing of Dresden in World War II: The British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Force began to fire-bomb Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.
• 1945 - Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru join the United Nations.
• 1945 - President Franklin Roosevelt meets with King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia aboard the USS Quincy, officially starting the US-Saudi diplomatic relationship.
• 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalized.
• 1946 - ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), the first general-purpose electronic computer, is unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.
• 1946 - O computador Eniac, ou Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, começa a trabalhar na Universidade da Pensilvânia, nos Estados Unidos. Ele fazia em segundos cálculos complicadíssimos.
• 1946 - Bernard Dowiyogo, was born, former president of Nauru (d. 2003) .
• 1946 - Gregory Hines, was born, dancer, actor (d. 2003) .
• 1948 - J. Natalio González é eleito presidente do Paraguai.
• 1948 - Raymond Teller, was born, magician (Penn and Teller) .
• 1949 - Nace Rafael A. Calderón, ex presidente de Costa Rica.
• 1949 - Se abre la primera sesión del Parlamento Israelí en Jerusalén.
• 1949 - Nasce Rafael A. Calderón, ex-presidente da Costa Rica.
• 1949 - The Knesset (Israeli parliament) first convenes.
• 1950 - Stalin y Mao firman en Moscú el pacto de amistad China-URSS.
• 1952 - 1952 Winter Olympic Games open in Oslo, Norway.
• 1958 - O rei Faisal do Iraque e o rei Hussein da Jordânia proclamam a fusão de seus reinos na Federação Árabe, tendo Faisal como chefe de estado e Hussein como seu vice.
• 1959 - Renee Fleming, was born, Canadian soprano .
• 1959 - Baby Dodds, dies, jazz musician (b. 1898) .
• 1961 - Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized (Berkeley, California).
• 1962 - First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy takes television viewers on a tour of the White House.
• 1966 - Australian currency is decimalized.
• 1967 - Los ministros de Exteriores de 14 países de Iberoamérica adoptan la "Declaración de Tlatelolco" (para prohibir la fabricación y uso de armas nucleares en América Latina).
• 1968 - Jules Asner, was born, model, television personality .
• 1970 - Simon Pegg, was born, omedian, writer and actor.
• 1971 - Noriko Sakai, was born, Japanese singer .
• 1972 - El Ejército derroca al presidente ecuatoriano, José María Velasco Ibarra.
• 1975 - Julian Huxley, dies, British biologist (b. 1887) .
• 1975 - P. G. Wodehouse, dies, writer (b. 1881) .
• 1977 - Mário Soares, primeiro ministro, visita vários países da Europa ocidental com a intenção de sondar a receptividade dos países comunitários a um eventual pedido de adesão de Portugal à CEE. Pedido que será formalizado no dia 28 de Março desse mesmo ano.
• 1978 - Richard Hamilton, was born, basketball player .
• 1979 - Sean Bennett, was born, pianist .
• 1979 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.
• 1980 - 1980 Winter Olympic Games open in Lake Placid, New York.
• 1980 - Walter Cronkite announces his retirement from CBS Evening News.
• 1980 - Graves inundações no Irão causam a morte de mais de 200 pessoas.
• 1980 - Fatima Leyva, was born, Mexican women's soccer player .
• 1981 - Um incêndio no edifício Grande Avenida, em São Paulo, deixa 17 pessoas mortas e mais de 50 feridas.
• 1983 - Ariel Sharon assume o cargo de ministro de Defesa de Israel.
• 1983 - Lina Radke, dies, German athlete .
• 1989 - James Bond, dies, American ornithologist and the namesake of the fictional spy James Bond (b. 1900) .
• 1984 - O texto final da Lei sobre a Despenalização do Aborto é aprovado na Assembleia da República, com os votos favoráveis do PS, PCP, UEDS e MDP.
• 1985 - CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.
• 1986 - Nicaragua y Costa Rica normalizan sus relaciones diplomáticas y reanudan los trabajos para la pacificación centroamericana del Grupo de Contadora.
• 1988 - Alfredo Stroessner é reeleito pela oitava vez, com 89% dos votos, para a presidência do Paraguai.
• 1988 - Morre Nora Astorga, embaixadora de Nicarágua na ONU.
• 1989 - Union Carbide agrees to pay USD $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal Disaster.
• 1989 - Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill the author of The Satanic Verses, Salman Rushdie.
• 1989 - The first of 24 satellites of the Global Positioning System is placed into orbit.
• 1991 - Portugal devolve as jóias de Goa à U. Indiana .
• 1994 - Andrei Chikatilo, dies, Russian serial killer (executed) (b. 1936) .
• 1995 - Perú declara el cese al fuego en la guerra fronteriza con Ecuador.
• 1998 - Authorities in the United States announce that Eric Robert Rudolph is a suspect in an Alabama abortion clinic bombing.
• 1999 - John Ehrlichman, dies, presidential advisor (b. 1925) .
• 2003 - Dolly the sheep, dies, the world's first cloned mammal (b. 1996) .
• 2004 - Marco Pantani, dies, Italian bicyclist and Tour-de-France winner (b. 1970) .
• 2004 - In a suburb of Moscow, Russia, the roof of the Transvaal water park collapses, killing more than 25 people, and wounding more than 100 others.
• 2005 - O bispo de Leiria-Fátima vai celebrar hoje uma eucaristia no Santuário de Fátima em memória da Irmã Lúcia, que morreu ontem com 97 anos de idade, no Carmelo de Sta. Teresa, em Coimbra; a mais velha dos "três pastorinhos de Fátima" a quem Nossa Senhora apareceu nas famosas aparições de Cova da Iria. O funeral ocorre amanhã que será Dia de Luto Nacional.