On this day in History - Jan. 24

• 41 - Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar, ( Caligula ) known for his eccentricity and cruel despotism, was assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards.
• 76 - Hadrian, was born, Roman emperor (d. 138).
• 0661 - At Kufah in Iraq, Caliph Ali, son-in-law of the prophet Mohammed, was murdered in the mosque at Kufah in Iraq.
• 1438 - Pope Eugenius IV was suspended by the Council of Basel.
• 1458 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary.
• 1616- La isla de los Estados en el Cabo de Hornos es descubierta por la expedición holandesa comandada por William Schouten y Jacob Le Maire.
• 1670 - William Congreve was born, dramatist .
• 1679 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament.
• 1712 - Frederick the Great was born, (d. 1786) Prussian King .
• 1742 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1776 - E.T.A. Hoffmann, was born, poet, composer, and painter (d. 1822).
• 1839 - Morre Juan Cruz Varela, escritor e político argentino.
• 1839 - Charles Darwin elected member of Royal Society .
• 1848 - California gold rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento.
• 1848 -Gold was first discovered in California, in Sutter's mill. When President Polk announced the news in December, the gold rush began.
• 1859 - Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexander John Cuza under the name Romania .
• 1862 - Edith Wharton was born in New York City (d. 11. Aug. 1937); American Novelist. Pulitzer Prize winning author.
• 1878 - João Pessoa, nascimento de, político brasileiro.
• 1888 - Jacob L. Wortman patents the typewriter ribbon.
• 1888 - Ernst Heinrich Heinkel was born (d. 30 Jan 1958). German aircraft engineer who built the first rocket-powered aircraft.
• 1902 - Oskar Morgenstern, was born, ( d. 26 Jul 1977). Economist-mathematician who created "game theory" which analyzes behaviour of man or animals in terms of win-loss strategies. With John von Neumann he wrote Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1944).
• 1904 -Colonel Arthur Lynch's death sentence is commuted to life imprisonment.
• 1908 - Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement in England.
• 1915 - Robert Motherwell was born, artist .
• 1916- In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, the Supreme Court of the United States declares the federal income tax void.
• 1917 - Ernest Borgnine, was born, Academy Award-winning actor, (Marty - 1955, Ice Station Zebra, McHale).
• 1920 - Morre Amadeo Modigliani, pintor italiano nascido em Livorno em 1884.
• 1922 - Christian K. Nelson patents the Eskimo Pie.
• 1924 - St. Petersburg, Russia is renamed Leningrad.
• 1924 - Teofilo Braga , Portuguese poet/politician, dies at 80 in Lisbon (b. 1843 in Ponta Delgada). Poeta, filósofo, crítico e historiador literário teve grande influência na vida política e literária da sua época. Logo após a instauração da República foi Presidente do primeiro Governo Provisório e mais tarde, em 1915, Presidente da República Portuguesa.
• 1925 - Maria Tallchief was born, ballerina.
• 1927 - Young director Alfred Hitchcock released his first film, The Pleasure Garden, in England.
• 1931 - Lars V. Hörmander, was born. Swedish mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1962 for his work on partial differential equations. Spending five years in writing, he produced a text "The analysis of linear partial differential operators", in four volumes (1983-85).
• 1934 - Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976) .
• 1936 - Albert Sarraut becomes Prime Minister of France .
• 1939 - 30,000 killed by earthquake in Concepcion Chile.
• 1941 - Neil Diamond, was born in Brooklyn NY , singer, songwriter.
• 1941 - Aaron Neville was born, singer .
• 1943 - Sharon Tate, was born in Dallas, Texas (d.1969) American actress (Valley of the Dolls) .
• 1943 - World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca.
• 1945 - En la Segunda Guerra Mundial, los rusos conquistan Cracovia, en Polonia.
• 1946 - The Atomic Energy Commission was established by a United Nations general assembly resolution on this day. The resolution was initiated originally by the United States, Canada and Britain.
• 1952 - Vincent Massey sworn in as first Canada-born Governor-General of Canada.
• 1955 - Ira Hayes, dies, a Native American hero of World War II's Battle of Iwo Jima.
• 1960 - É iniciada uma insurreição na Argélia contra a colonização francesa do país.
• 1960 - Nastassja Kinski, was born, German, actress (Tess, Cat People) .
• 1961 - Elsa, the lioness made famous by Joy Adamson's book Born Free, dies in Kenya.
• 1961 - A US B-52 bomber with two 24-megaton nuclear bombs crashed near Goldsboro, North Carolina.
• 1962 - Brian Epstein signs to manage The Beatles.
• 1964 - British troops are flown in to Uganda to an army mutiny over low pay.
• 1965 - Winston Churchill, died in London, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1874).
• 1966 - Indira Gandhi, filha de Nehru, assume como primeira-ministra da Índia após a morte de Sri Shastri.
• 1966 - An Air India Boeing 707 jet crashes on Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy, killing 117 .
• 1967 - Promulgada a quinta Constituição da República, pelo Congresso Nacional, elaborada por Carlos Medeiros Silva, ministro da Justiça do governo Castello Branco (Brasil).
• 1967 - Muere Oliverio Girondo, poeta argentino.
• 1968 - Mary Lou Retton was born, gymnast, Olympic Hall of Fame medalist [1 gold, 2 silver, 2 bronze: Los Angeles: 1984]; first American woman to win an individual medal in gymnastics .
• 1969 - António Sérgio, Pedagogo e ensaista, morreu neste dia, um dos pensadores marcantes do Portugal contemporâneo.
• 1969 O ditador Francisco Franco declara lei marcial na Espanha, após manifestações públicas, nas quais 300 pessoas foram presas.
• 1972 - Japanese soldier Shoichi Yokoi was discovered in Guam, having spent 28 years hiding in the jungle thinking World War II was still going on.
• 1983 - George Cukor director, dies of stroke & heart attack at 83.
• 1984 - The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale.
• 1986 - Voyager 2 passes within 50,679 miles of Uranus.
• 1986- Vincente Minnelli, dies, director (b. 1903)
• 1986 -Voyager Two space probe passes within 51,000 miles of Uranus.
• 1987 - In Lebanon, gunmen kidnap Alann Steen, Jesse Turner, Robert Polhill and Mitheleshwar Singh.
• 1988 - Charles Glen King, dies (b. 22 Oct 1896); Biochemist who discovered vitamin C, an aid in the prevention of scurvy and malnutrition.
• 1989 - Serial killer Ted Bundy is executed in Florida's electric chair.
• 1991 - Falece Amador Aguiar, banqueiro paulista e fundador do maior banco privado da América Latina: o Bradesco. Sob a sua administração, o Bradesco foi o primeiro banco brasileiro a empregar computadores, e desde então, continua investindo pesado em informática.
• 1992 - Primeiras eleições presidenciais livres na Mauritânia, onde o vencedor ao cargo de presidente foi Muauiya Uld Taya.1992 - Morre Ignacio Bernal, antropólogo mexicano.
• 1993 Polish ferry boat John Heweliusz sinks, 52 killed .
• 1994 - Um navio petroleiro explode e se parte em dois, com 23 mil toneladas de petróleo bruto, a 530 quilômetros de Hong Kong.
• 1995 - The prosecution delivers its opening statement in the O. J. Simpson murder trial.
• 1996 - Polish Premier Jozef Oleksy resigns amid charge he spied for Moscow.
• 2001 - The last two of the Texas 7 are taken into custody in Colorado Springs, Colorado.
• 2002 - Enron Congressional hearings begin.
• 2002 - Terrorist suspect John Walker Lindh's hearing begins.
• 2002 - The United States Department of Justice indicts Robert Nicholas Angleton for conspiring to murder his wife, Doris Angleton, along with his brother Roger.
• 2003 - The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation.
• 2003 -The Department of Homeland Security, under Tom Ridge, became a cabinet department .
• 2003 - Gianni Agnelli, dies, Fiat president (b. 1921).
• 2003 - Morreu baleado o rapper Sabotage, de 29 anos, em São Paulo. Sabotage, levava a sua esposa ao trabalho quando foi baleado ao volante.
• 2004 - Olga Ladyzhenskaya, dies, Russian matemathicien.