On this day in History - Nov. 30

• 1603 William Gilbert died (born 24 May 1544) English scientist, the "father of electrical studies" and a pioneer researcher into magnetism, who spent years investigating magnetic and electrical attractions.
• 1723 - William Livingston, revolutionary governor of New Jersey, born (d. 1790)
• 1830 - Pope Pius VIII died (b. 1761)
• 1835 - Mark Twain, (Samuel Langhorn Clemens) writer , born in Florida (d. 1910)
• 1853 - Crimean War: Battle of Sinope - The Russian fleet destroys the Turkish fleet.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Franklin - The Army of Tennessee led by General John Bell Hood mounts a dramatically unsuccessful frontal assault on Union positions around Franklin, Tennessee (Hood lost six generals and almost a third of his troops).
• 1872 - First ever international football (soccer) match takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Scotland (Scotland-England 0-0);
• 1874 - Sir Winston Churchill , born, British political leader, writer (d. 1965)
• 1891 - Pope Leo XIII's encyclical "Rerum novarum" published
• 1900 - Oscar Wilde, died, Irish writer , died in Paris at age 46. (b. 1854)
• 1935 -Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poetry, died in Lisbon (b. 06.13.1888). He used several heteronimous: Bernardo Soares, Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis e Álvaro de Campos. Vidé biografia
• 1936 - In London, the Crystal Palace was destroyed in a fire (it had been built for the 1851 International Exhibition. It was the most spectacular fire seen in Britain for many years
• 1943 - World War II: Teheran Conference - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet leader Josef Stalin establish an agreement concerning a planned June 1944 invasion of Europe codenamed Operation Overlord
• 1955 - Billy Idol, musician, born
• 1957 - Assassination attempt on Indonesian president Sukarno, kills 8
• 1960 - Gary Lineker, football (soccer) player, born.
• 1962 - The United Nations General Assembly elects U Thant of Burma as the new UN Secretary-General.
• 1966 - Barbados becomes independent.
• 1967 - The People's Republic of South Yemen becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
• 1979 - Rock band Pink Floyd release the mega-selling rock opera The Wall.
• 1982 - Elisha Cuthbert born, actress
• 1989 - Deutsche Bank board member Alfred Herrhausen is killed by a Red Army Faction terrorist bomb .
• 1989 - India president Rajiv Gandhi, resigns
• 1995 - President Bill Clinton became the first U.S. president to visit Northern Ireland.
• 2001, Robert Tools, the first person in the world to receive a fully self-contained artificial heart, died in Louisville, Ky.; he had lived with the device for 151 days.