Nothingandall: On this day in History

490 BC - Battle of Marathon; origin of marathon long-distance race (run by Phidippides).
480 BC - Euripides was born (d. 406 BC). Greek playwright.
063 BC - Augustus Caesar was born (d. AD 14). Roman Emperor.
76 or 79 - Pope Linus dies.
1122 - Concordat of Worms.
1158 - Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany was born (d. 1186).
1161 - Emperor Takakura of Japan was born (d. 1181).
1215 - Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire was born (d. 1294).
1241 - Snorri Sturluson dies (b. 1178). Icelandic historian, poet, and politician.
1390 - John I, Duke of Lorraine dies (b. 1346).
1409 - Battle of Kherlen, the second significant victory over Ming China by the Mongols since 1368.
1434 - Yolande of Valois was born (d. 1478). Duchess of Savoy.
1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is fought at Blore Heath in Staffordshire.
1529 - The Siege of Vienna begins as Suleiman II begins his attack on the city.
1535 - Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg dies (b. 1513). Queen of Gustav I of Sweden.
1571 - John Jewel dies (b. 1522). English bishop.
1573 - Azai Hisamasa dies (b. 1524). Japanese warlord.
1598 - Eleonore Gonzaga was born (d. 1655). Wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
1605 - Pontus de Tyard dies. French poet.
1641 – The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure worth over a billion USD, is lost at sea off Land's End.
1642 – First commencement exercises occur at Harvard College. 1642 - First commencement exercises occur at Harvard University.
1647 - Joseph Dudley was born (d. 1720). Colonial Governor of Massachusetts.
1650 - Jeremy Collier was born (d. 1726). English bishop.
1675 - Valentin Conrart dies (b. 1603). Founder of the Académie Française.

1713 - King Ferdinand VI of Spain was born (d. 1759).

1728 - Christian Thomasius dies (b. 1655). German jurist.

1738 - Herman Boerhaave dies (b. 1668). Dutch humanist and physician.

1740 - Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan was born (d. 1813).

1759 - Clothilde of France was born (d. 1802). Queen of piedmont-Sardinia.

1764 - Robert Dodsley dies (b. 1703). English writer.

1771 - Emperor Kokaku of Japan was born (d. 1840).

1773 - Johann Ernst Gunnerus dies (b. 1718). Norwegian bishop and botanist.

1779 - American Revolution; USS Bonhomme Richard, commanded by John Paul Jones, wins a fight against the British ships of war Serapis and Countess of Scarborough off the coast of England.

1780 - American Revolution: British Major John Andre arrested as a spy by American soldiers exposing Benedict Arnold's treason.

1781 - Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was born (d. 1860).

1788 - Bento Gonçalves was born (d. 1847). Brazilian soldier and politician.

1789 - John Rogers dies (b. 1723). American Continental Congressman.

1791 - Johann Franz Encke was born (d. 1865). German astronomer.

1803 - Second Anglo-Maratha War: Battle of Assaye.

1806 - Lewis and Clark return to St. Louis, after exploring the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

1818 - Border demarcation markers for Moresnet formally installed.

1819 - Hippolyte Fizeau was born (d. 1896). French physicist.

1821 – Tripolitsa, Greece, falls and 30,000 Turks are massacred.

1835 - Vincenzo Bellini dies (b. 1801). Italian composer.

1838 - Victoria Woodhull was born (d. 1927). American suffragist.

1844 - Alexander von Benckendorff dies (b. 1783). Russian general and statesman.

1845 - The Knickerbockers Baseball Club, the first baseball team to play under the modern rules, is founded in New York.

1846 - Neptune is discovered by French astronomer Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier and British astronomer John Couch Adams; verified by German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle.

1846 - John Ainsworth Horrocks dies (b. 1818). English-born explorer of South Australia.

1848 - First commercial production of chewing gum by John Curtis on a stove at his home in Bangor, Maine in the United States and marketed as 'The State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum'.

1850 - José Gervasio Artigas dies (b. 1764). Heroe of the Uruguayan Independence.

1852 - William Stewart Halsted was born (d. 1922). American surgeon.

1855 - Abel Botelho was born in Tabuaço (d. 1917). Portuguese diplomat and writer.

1857 - The Russian warship Lefort capsized and sank during a storm in the Gulf of Finland, killing all 826 aboard.

1861 - Robert Bosch was born (d. 1942). German inventor and industrialist.

1863 - Mary Eliza Church Terrell was born (d. 1954). American writer and social reformer.

1864 - Draga Mašin was born (d. 1903). Queen of Serbia.

1865 - Emmuska Orczy was born (d. 1947). British novelist.

1868 - Grito de Lares (Lares Revolt) occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.

1869 - Mary Mallon, also known as Typhoid Mary, was born. First carrier of typhoid.

1870 - Prosper Mérimée dies (b. 1803). French author.

1871 - Louis-Joseph Papineau dies (b. 1786). French Canadian politician.

1873 - Jean Chacornac dies (b. 1823). French astronomer.

1875 - William Bonney ("Billy the Kid") is arrested for the first time.

1877 - Urbain Le Verrier dies (b. 1811). French mathematician.

1880 - John Boyd Orr was born (d. 1971). Scottish physician, Nobel Laureate.

1884 - Herman Hollerith patents his mechanical tabulating machine.

1885 - José Maria do Amaral dies in Niterói (b. 14 Mar 1813). Brazilian writer and diplomat.

1889 - Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.

1889 - Walter Lippmann was born (d. 1974). American journalist.

1889 - Wilkie Collins dies (b. 1824). British author.

1890 - Friedrich Paulus was born (d. 1957). German general.

1895 - Johnny Mokan was born (d. 1985). American baseball player.

1895 - Miron Merzhanov was born (d. 1975). Soviet architect.

1897 - Walter Pidgeon was born (d. 1984). Canadian actor.

1899 - Louise Nevelson was born (d. 1988). Ukrainian-born artist.

1899 - Tom C. Clark was born (d. 1977). Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

1900 - Bill Stone, British serviceman; one of the last surviving veterans of World War I

1900 - William Marsh Rice dies (b. 1816). American philanthropist and university founder.

1901 - Jaroslav Seifert was born. Tcheckoslovakian writer who won in 1948 The Nobel Prize in Literature.

1902 - Su Buqing was born (d. 2003). Chinese mathematician and educator.

1905 - Norway and Sweden sign the "Karlstad treaty", peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.

1907 - Dominique Aury was born (d. 1998). French novelist.

1907 - Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza was born (d. 1976). Heir to the throne of Portugal.

1908 - University of Alberta in Alberta, Canada, is founded. 1911 - Frank Moss was (d. 2003). U.S. Senator from Utah.

1909 - The Phantom of the Opera (original title: Le Fantôme de l'Opéra), a novel by French writer Gaston Leroux, was first published as a serialization in Le Gaulois.

1912 - First Mack Sennett "Keystone Comedy" is released.

1912 - Ghulam Mustafa Khan was born (d. 2005). Pakistani researcher, critic and linguist.

1912 - Tony Smith was born (d. 1980). American sculptor.

1914 - Omar Ali Saifuddin III was born (d. 1986). Sultan of Brunei.

1915 - Clifford Shull was born (d. 2001). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.

1916 - Aldo Moro was born (d. 1978). Italian politician.

1917 - Werner Voss dies (b. 1897). German World War I pilot.

1919 - Club de Futebol Os Belenenses is founded in Lisbon, Portugal

1920 - Mickey Rooney was born. American actor.

1922 - Gdynia Seaport Construction Act is passed by the Polish parliament.

1924 - Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal was born (d. 1978). Nicaraguan newspaper editor.

1925 - Denis Twitchett was born (d. 2006). Cambridge scholar, and Chinese historian.

1926 - John Coltrane was born (d. 1967). American saxophonist and composer.

1929 - Richard Adolf Zsigmondy dies (b. 1865). Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1925.

1929 - Wally Whyton was born (d. 1997). English musician.

1930 - Colin Blakely was born (d. 1987). British actor.

1930 - Ray Charles was born (d. 2004). American musician and singer.

1930 - Sehba Akhtar was born (d. 1996). Pakistani poet.

1931 - Gerald Stairs Merrithew was born (d. 2004). Canadian educator and statesman.

1932 - The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd is renamed the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

1932 - Víctor Jara was born. Chuleab singer and theatre director.

1934 - Ahmad Shah Khan was born. Crown Prince of Afghanistan.

1936 - Valentín Paniagua was born. Peruvian politician.

1938 – Mobilization of the Czechoslovak army in response to the Munich Crisis.

1938 - Romy Schneider was born (d. 1982). Austrian actress.

1938 - Tom Lester was born. American actor.

1939 - Henry Blofeld was born. English cricket commentator.

1939 - Janusz Gajos was born. Polish actor.

1939 - Roy Buchanan was born (d. 1988). American guitarist.

1939 - Sonny Vaccaro was born. American former sports executive.

1939 - Sigmund Freud dies (1856). Austrian psychiatrist.

1941 - The first gas chamber experiments are conducted at Auschwitz.

1941 - George Jackson was born. American civil-rights activist.

1941 - Simon Nolet was born. French Canadian ice hockey player.

1941 - George Jackson was born. Black Panther and American revolutionary.

1942 - First day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps forces attack Imperial Japanese Army units along the Matanikau River.

1942 - Sila María Calderón was born. Governor of Puerto Rico.

1943 - Antonio Tabucchi was born. Italian writer.

1943 - Julio Iglesias was born. Spanish singer.

1943 - Marty Schottenheimer was born. American football coach.

1943 - Tanuja was born. Indian actress.

1943 - Elinor Glyn dies (b. 1864). English author.

1944 - Eric Bogle was born. Scottish-born Australian singer and songwriter.

1944 - Jakob Schaffner dies (b. 1875). Swiss novelist.

1945 – World War II: The so-called Salò Republic is born.

1945 - Igor Ivanov was born. Russian politician.

1946 - Franz Fischler was born. Austrian politician.

1947 - Jerry Corbetta was born. American singer and musician (Sugarloaf).

1947 - Mary Kay Place was born. American actress.

1947 - Neal Smith was born. American drummer for Alice Cooper.

1949 - Bruce Springsteen was born. American singer and songwriter.

1950 - Sam Barry dies (d. 1892). American basketball player and coach.

1952 - Rocky Marciano knocked Jersey Joe Walcott out in the thirteenth round, becoming the new Heavyweight Champion.

1952 - Richard Nixon makes his "Checkers speech".

1954 - Charlie Barnett was born (d. 1996). American actor.

1956 - Paolo Rossi was born. Italian footballer.

1956 - Peter David was born. American writer.

1957 - Kumar Sanu was born. Indian playback singer.

1957 - Rosalind Chao was born. American actress.

1957 - Tony Fossas was born. Cuban baseball player.

1958 - Danielle Dax was born. British musician.

1958 - Lita Ford was born. English-born singer (The Runaways).

1958 - Marvin Lewis was born. American football coach.

1958 - Larry Mize was born. American golfer.

1959 - The M/S Princess of Tasmania Australia’s first passenger RO/RO diesel ferry makes maiden voyage across Bass Strait.

1959 – Iowa farmer Roswell Garst hosts Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev.

1959 - Elizabeth Peña was born. American actress.

1959 - Jason Alexander was born. American actor.

1959 - Martin Page was born. English singer and songwriter.

1960 - Jason Carter was born. British actor.

1961 - Chi McBride was born. American actor.

1961 - Willie McCool was born (d. 2003). American astronaut.

1962 - The Jetsons aired for the first time.

1962 - The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City opens with the first building completed, Philharmonic Hall, now Avery Fisher Hall home of the New York Philharmonic.

1964 - Clayton Blackmore was born. Welsh footballer.

1964 - Koshi Inaba was born. Japanese singer (B'z).

1964 - Larry Krystkowiak was born. American basketball player and head coach.

1966 - Pete Harnisch was born. American Baseball player.

1966 - LisaRaye was born. American actress.

1967 - Augusto Casimiro dos Santos dies in Lisbon (b. 1889). Portuguese poet and memorialist/ Morre, em Lisboa, Augusto Casimiro dos Santos (n. 11 Mai 1889). Poeta e memorialista português. Director da revista "Seara Nova" desde 1961 até à sua morte.

1968 - Francesco Forgione dies (b. 1887). "Padre Pio", Catholic saint.

1968 - Yvette Fielding was born. English television presenter.

1969 - The Chicago 8 trial opens in Chicago, Illinois.

1969 - Donald Audette was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1969 - Michelle Thomas was born (d. 1998). American actress.

1969 - Patrick Fiori was born. French singer.

1969 - Tapio Laukkanen was born. Finnish rally driver.

1970 - Ani DiFranco was born. American musician.

1970 - Georgios Koltsidas was born. Greek footballer.

1970 - Bourvil dies (b. 1917). French actor and singer.

1971 - Eric Montross was born. American basketball player.

1971 - Moin Khan was born. Pakistani cricketer.

1971 - Billy Gilbert dies (b. 1894). American actor.

1971 - J. W. Alexander dies (b. 1888). American mathematician.

1972 - Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos announces over television and radio the implementation of martial law and signs General Order No. 1 which orders the arrest of opposition leaders, media censorship, banning travel to other countries except for diplomatic missions, abolishing the Philippine Congress, establishing dictatorial government, take-over or sequestering of public and private corporations and suspension of classes for one week in the Philippines.

1972 - Jermaine Dupri was born. American music producer and rapper.

1972 - Karl Pilkington was born. British radio personality.

1973 - Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.

1973 - Ingrid Fliter was born. Argentinian pianist.

1973 - Pablo Neruda dies (b. 1904). Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate.

1974 - Matt Hardy was born. American professional wrestler.

1974 - Harumi Inoue was born. Japanese actress and model.

1974 - Cliff Arquette dies (b. 1905). American comedian and actor.

1975 - Jaime Bergman was born. American model and actress.

1975 - Chris Hawkins was born. British radio personality and disk jockey.

1975 - Layzie Bone was born. American rapper (Bone Thugs-N-Harmony).

1975 - Kim Dong-moon was born. South Korean badminton player.

1976 - Faune A. Chambers was born. American actress.

1976 - Kip Pardue was born. American actor and model.

1976 - Wladimir Sidorenko was born. Ukrainian boxer and current WBA Bantamweight champion.

1977 - Rachael Yamagata was born. American singer and songwriter.

1977 - Matthieu Descoteaux was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1977 - Susan Tamim was born (d. 2008). Lebanese singer and actress.

1978 - Worm Miller was born. American filmmaker.

1978 - Lyman Bostock dies murdered (b. 1950). American baseball player.

1979 - Ricky Davis was born. American basketball player.

1980 - Bob Marley's last concert.

1980 - The premiere of Brian Friel's play Translations in Derry, Northern Ireland.

1980 - Cameron Litvack was born. American television producer.

1981 - Robert Doornbos was born. Dutch race car driver.

1981 - Natalie Horler was born. German singer (Cascada)

1981 - Misti Traya was born. American actress

1981 - Jack Henry Abbott, best-selling author, is arrested for murder.

1981 - Chief Dan George dies (b. 1899). Canadian actor.

1983 - Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the United Nations.

1983 - Gerrie Coetzee of South Africa becomes the first Africam boxing world heavyweight champion.

1983 – Joffery Lupul was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1983 - Marcelo Melo was born. Brazilian tennis player.

1983 – Märt Israel was born. Estonian discus thrower.

1984 - Anneliese van der Pol was born. Dutch-American actress.

1984 - Diogo Valente was born. Portuguese footballer.

1984 - Louie Stephens was born. American musician (Rooney) .

1984 - Matt Kemp was born. American baseball player.

1984 - Nathan Jendrick was born. American author.

1985 - Brian Brohm was born. American football player.

1985 - Hossein Ka'abi was born. Iranian footballer.

1985 - Jared High was born (d. 1998). American victim of bullying.

1985 - Joba Chamberlain was born. American baseball player.

1985 - Lukáš Kašpar was born. Czech ice hockey player.

1985 - Maki Goto was born. Japanese pop singer.

1986 - Martin Cranie was born. English footballer

1987 - Bob Fosse dies (b. 1927). American dancer, choreographer and actor.

1987 - Pablo Neruda dies in Santiago (b. 1904). Chilean poet. 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature.

1988 - Jose Canseco of the Oakland Athletics becomes the first member of the 40-40 club.

1988 - Juan Martín del Potro was born. Argentinian tennis player.

1988 - Tibor Sekelj dies (b. 1912). Croatian explorer.

1989 - Brandon Jennings was born. American basketball player.

1990 – Kota Yabu was born. Japanese pop singer.

1991 – Melanie Oudin was born. Pro American Tennis Player.

1992 – A large Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb destroys the forensic laboratories in Belfast.

1992 - James Van Fleet dies (b. 1892). U.S. Army general.

1993 - Sydney is chosen to be the place for 2000 Olimpic Games.

1993 - Sonic the Hedgehog CD is released for the Sega Mega-CD in Japan.

1994 - Jerry Barber dies (b. 1916). American golfer.

1994 - Madeleine Renaud dies (b. 1900). French theater and film actress.

1994 - Robert Bloch dies (b. 1917). American author.

1995 - Fernando de Melo Frazão. Portuguese illustrator and figurinist.

1996 - Dorita Castel-Branco dies. Portuguese sculptor.

1996 - Fujiko F. Fujio dies (b. 1933). Japanese cartoonist.

1998 - Mary Frann dies (b. 1943). American actress.

1999 - NASA announces that it lost contact with the Mars Climate Orbiter.

1999 - Qantas Flight 1 overruns the runway in Bangkok during a storm. While some passengers only received minor injuries, it is still the worst crash in Qantas's history to date.

1999 - Ivan Goff dies (b. 1910). Australian screenwriter.

2000 - Aurelio Rodríguez dies (b. 1947). Mexican Major League Baseball player

2000 - Carl Rowan dies (b. 1925). American journalist.

2001 - Ron Hewitt dies (b. 1928). Welsh footballer.

2002 - The first public version of the web browser Mozilla Firefox ("Phoenix 0.1") is released.

2002 - Vernon Corea dies (b. 1927). Sri Lankan broadcaster.

2003 - Ronnie Dawson dies (b. 1939). American rockabilly musician.

2003 - Yuri Senkevich dies (b. 1937). Russian TV anchorman.

2004 - At least 1,070 in Haiti reported killed by floods due to Hurricane Jeanne

2004 - André Hazes dies (b. 1951). Dutch singer.

2004 - Billy Reay dies (b. 1918). Canadian ice hockey player and coach.

2005 - FBI killing of Filiberto Ojeda on Plan Bonito Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.