On this day in History - Aug. 3
- 0435 - Deposed Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, was exiled by Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II to a monastery in Egypt.
- 0881 - Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu, where Louis III of France defeated the Vikings, an event celebrated in the poem Ludwigslied.
- 1181 - Pope Alexander III dies.
- 1460 - King James II of Scotland dies (b. 1430).
- 1509 - Étienne Golet was born (d. 1546). French scholar and printer.
- 1527 - First known letter was sent from North America by John Rut while at St. John's, Newfoundland.
- 1527 - Scaramuccia Trivulzio dies. Italian cardinal.
- 1546 - Antonio da Sangallo the Younger dies (b. 1484). Italian architect.
- 1546 - Étienne Dolet dies hanged and burned at the stake (b. 1509). French scholar and printer.
- 1604 - John Eliot was born (d. 1690). English missionary.
- 1604 - Bernardino de Mendoza dies (b. circa 1540). Spanish military commander.
- 1621 - Guillaume du Vair dies (b. 1556). French writer.
- 1635 - The third of the Tokugawa shoguns, Iemitsu, establishes the system of alternate attendance by which the feudal daimyō are required to spend one year at Edo Castle in Tokyo and one year back home at their feudal manor, while their families remained in Tokyo as virtual political hostages. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 21, 1635).
- 1645 - Thirty Years' War: The Second Battle of Nördlingen (Battle of Allerheim) - A French army under the command of Louis de Bourbon, Duc d'Enghien and Marshal Henri, Vicomte de Turenne attacks and defeats an Imperial army, led by Field Marshal Franz, Freiherr von Mercy at Alerheim, near Nördlingen, Germany.
- 1645 - August Kuhnel was born. Composer.
- 1667 - Francesco Borromini dies (b. 1599). Swiss sculptor and architect.
- 1678 - Robert LaSalle builds the Griffon, the first known ship built in America.
- 1692 - John Henley was born (d. 1759). English clergyman.
- 1709 - Bartolomeu de Gusmão demonstra pela primeria vez a "máquina de voar" - um balão.
- 1712 - Joshua Barnes dies (b. 1654). English scholar.
- 1720 - Anthonie Heinsius dies (b. 1641). Dutch statesman.
- 1721 - Grinling Gibbons dies (b. 1648). Dutch-born woodcarver.
- 1748 - Carl Ludwig Junker was born in Kirchberg an der Jagst (d. 1797). German composer.
- 1753 - Charles Stanhope was born. 3rd Earl Stanhope. British statesman and scientist. Inventor of the calculator.
- 1761 - Johann Matthias Gesner dies (b. 1691). German classical scholar.
- 1770 - King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia was born (d. 1840).
- 1773 - Stanisław Konarski dies (b. 1700). Polish writer.
- 1778 - Opening of La Scala in Milano.
- 1779 - Portuguese Royal Navy Academy [Academia Real da marinha] is founded / Criação da Academia Real de Marinha em Portugal.
- 1780 - Étienne Bonnot de Condillac dies (b. 1715). French philosopher.
- 1783 - Mount Asama erupts in Japan, killing 35,000 people.
- 1797 - Jeffrey Amherst dies (b. 1717). British military commander.
- 1801 - Joseph Paxton was born (d. 8 Jun 1865). English architect who designed the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.
- 1805 - Christopher Anstey dies (b. 1724). English writer.
- 1808 - Hamilton Fish was born (d. 1893). American politician.
- 1811 – First ascent of Jungfrau, third highest summit in the Bernese Alps.
- 1811 - Elisha Graves Otis was born (d. 8 Apr 1861). American inventor of the automatic safety brake for elevators, which later made high-rise buildings practical.
- 1817 - Archduke Albert was born (d. 1895). Austrian general.
- 1823 - Thomas F. Meagher was born. Irish rebel, convict and escapee in Australia, US Union general.
- 1832 - Ivan Zajc was born (d. 1914). Croatian composer.
- 1833 - Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras dies (b. 1759). Mexican architect and painter (Fuente de Neptuno in Querétaro, El Carmen in Celaya , El Teatro Alarcón de San Luis Potosí...).
- 1833 - Auguste Schmidt was born (d. 10 Jun 1902). German teacher and feminist.
- 1839 - Dorothea von Schlegel dies (b. 1763). German novelist.
- 1844 - Marcel-Auguste Dieulafoy was born (d. 25 Feb 1920). French archaeologist and civil engineer who in 1884-86 undertook major excavations at the ancient site of Susa (modern Shush, Iran) uncovering the palaces of the ancient Persian kings Darius I the Great and Artaxerxes II.
- 1850 - Reginald Heber Roe was born (d. 1926). 2nd Headmaster of Brisbane Grammar School.
- 1851 - George Francis FitzGerald was born (d. 22 Feb 1901). Physicist who first suggested a method of producing radio waves, thus helping to lay the basis of wireless telegraphy. He also developed a theory, now known as the Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction, which Einstein used in his own special theory of relativity.
- 1856 - Alfred Deakin was born (d. 1919). Second Prime Minister of Australia.
- 1857 - Eugène Sue dies (b. 1804). French novelist.
- 1860 - The Second Maori War begins in New Zealand.
- 1860 - W.K. Dickson was born (b. 1935) . Scottish inventor.
- 1867 - Stanley Baldwin was born (d. 1947). British Prime Minister.
- 1867 - Philipp August Böckh dies (b. 1785). German scholar and antiquarian.
- 1872 - King Haakon VII of Norway was born (d. 1957).
- 1875 - Robert Ernest House was born (d. 15 Jul 1930). American physician who championed the use of scopolamine hydrobromide as a "truth serum".
- 1877 - William Butler Ogden dies (b. 1805). American politician, first mayor of Chicago.
- 1877 - Elysio de Moura was born in Braga (d. 18 Jul 1977). Portuguese psychiatrist.
- 1879 - Joseph Severn dies (b. 1793). English painter.
- 1887 - Rupert Brooke was born in Rubgy, Warwickshire (d. 1915). English poet ("The Soldier,"-1914).
- 1888 - Benjamin F. Goodrich dies (b. 4 Nov 1841). American industrialist who founded the B.F. Goodrich Rubber Co. in Akron, Ohio.
- 1894 - Harry Heilmann was born (d. 1951). American baseball player.
- 1895 - Marguerite Nichols was born (d. 1941). American actress.
- 1898 - Charles Garnier dies (b. 1825). French architect.
- 1899 - Louis Chiron was born (d. 1979). Monegasque race car driver.
- 1900 - Firestone Tire & Rubber Company founded.
- 1900 - Ernie Pyle was born in Indiana (d. 18 Apr 1945). American war correspondent, journalist: Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter [1944].
- 1900 - John T. Scopes was born (d. 1970). American defendant in the Monkey Trial.
- 1901 - Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński was born (d. 1981). Polish Catholic prelate.
- 1902 - Regina Jonas was born (d. 1944). German first woman rabbi.
- 1903 - Thomas Edison's opinion of radium was quoted within an article in the New York World newspaper. "I have had several pieces of it from Mme. Curie in Paris, and I have experimented with it. I do not see its commercial utility, but it opens up a great field of thought and scientific research.
- 1903 - Habib Bourguiba was born (d. 2000). Tunisian politician.
- 1904 - Clifford D. Simak was born (d. 1988). American author.
- 1905 - Cardinal Franz König was born (d. 2004). Austrian Catholic Archbishop.
- 1905 - Dolores del Rio was born (d. 1983). Mexican actress (What Price Glory?).
- 1908 - A nearly complete, buried, skeleton of a Neanderthal was discovered in a cave at La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France, by two young clergymen, brothers Amédée and Jean Bouyssonie.
- 1908 - Philadelphia Subway opened, also known as Tube Transportation.
- 1908 - Ernesto Geisel was born in Bento Gonçalves - RS (d. 1996). President of Brazil (15 Mar 1974 - 15 Mar 1979).
- 1909 - Neal Elgar Miller was born (d. 23 Mar 2002). American psychologist and neuroscientist who was the first to identify and promote biofeedback.
- 1911 - Alex McCrindle was born (d. 1990). Scottish actor.
- 1913 - Wheatland Hop Riot.
- 1913 - Mel Tolkin was brn (d. 2007). Ukrainian-born television comedy writer.
- 1914 - World War I: Germany declares war against France. / Primeira Guerra Mundial: a Alemanha declara guerra à França.
- 1915 - Frank Arthur Calder was born (d. 2006). Canadian politician.
- 1915 - Donald Redfield Griffin was born (d. 7 Nov 2003). American biophysicist, known for his research in animal navigation, animal behaviour, and sensory biophysics.
- 1915 - Pete Newell was born. American basketball coach.
- 1916 - World War I: Battle of Romani - Allied forces, under the command of Archibald Murray, defeat an attacking Ottoman army, under the command of Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, securing the Suez Canal, and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the Sinai.
- 1916 - José Manuel Moreno was born (d. 1978). Argentine footballer.
- 1916 - Shakeel Badayuni was born (d. 1970). Indian poet and lyricist.
- 1916 - Sir Roger Casement dies hanged (b. 1864). Irish rebel.
- 1917 - Les Elgart was born (d. 1995). American jazz trumpeter and bandleader.
- 1917 - Ferdinand Georg Frobenius dies (b. 1849). German mathematician who made major contributions to group theory.
- 1918 - Larry Haines was born (d. 2008). American actor.
- 1918 - Sidney Gottlieb was born (d. 1999). American Central Intelligence Agency official.
- 1920 - Charlie Shavers was born (d. 1971). American trumpet player.
- 1920 - Elmar Tampõld was born. Estonian-Canadian architect.
- 1920 - P. D. James was born in Oxford. English novelist (Innocent Blood).
- 1921 - Hayden Carruth was born. American poet and literary critic.
- 1921 - Humberto Madeira was born in Lisbon (d. 17 Jun 1971). Portuguese actor.
- 1921 - Marilyn Maxwell was born (d. 1972). American actress.
- 1922 - Robert Sumner was born. American evangelist and author.
- 1923 - Calvin Coolidge is sworn in as the 30th President of the United States in the early morning following the death of Warren G. Harding the previous day.
- 1923 - Shenouda III of Alexandria was born. Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
- 1923 - Calvin Coolidge is inaugurated as the 30th President of the United States.
- 1924 - Leon Uris was born in Baltimore (d. 21 Jun 2003). American novelist (Exodus; Trinity).
- 1924 - Joseph Conrad dies (b. 1857). Polish-born writer.
- 1925 - Marv Levy was born. American football coach.
- 1926 - Anthony Sampson was born (d. 2004). British journalist.
- 1926 - Tony Bennett was born. American Grammy Award-winning singer: I Left My Heart in San Francisco [1962], MTV Unplugged [1994]; I Wanna Be Around, Who Can I Turn To, The Shadow of Your Smile, Because of You, Rags to Riches, Stranger in Paradise, In the Middle of an Island, The Good Life; appeared in film: The Oscar.
- 1926 - Anthony Sampson was born (d. 2004). British journalist and biographer.
- 1927 - Gordon Scott was born. American actor.
- 1927 - Edward Bradford Titchener dies (b. 11 Jan 1867). English-born psychologist and a major figure in the establishment of experimental psychology in the United States.
- 1928 - Cécile Aubry was born. French actress.
- 1929 - Emil Berliner dies (b. 1851). German-born telephone and recording pioneer.
- 1929 - Thorstein Veblen dies (b. 1857). American economist.
- 1934 - Adolf Hitler becomes the supreme leader of Germany by joining the offices of President and Chancellor into Führer.
- 1934 - Haystacks Calhoun was born (d. 1989). American professional wrestler.
- 1934 - Jonas Savimbi was born (d. 2002). Angolan political leader.
- 1935 - Georgi Shonin was born (d. 1997). Soviet cosmonaut.
- 1935 - Vic Vogel was born. Canadian pianist, composer and bandleader.
- 1936 - Jesse Owens wins the 100 meter dash by defeating Ralph Metcalfe at Berlin Olympics.
- 1936 - Edward Petherbridge was born. English actor.
- 1937 - Diane Wakoski was born. American poet.
- 1937 - Steven Berkoff was born. English actor.
- 1938 - Terry Wogan was born. Irish television presenter.
- 1939 - Jimmy Nicol was born. English musician.
- 1939 - Egil Krogh was born. American lawyer and Watergate figure.
- 1939 - Políbio Gomes dos Santos dies (b. 1911). Portuguese poet.
- 1940 - World War II: Italy invades British Somaliland.
- 1940 - Martin Sheen was born in Dayton, Ohio. American actor (The West Wing, Apocalypse Now, J.F.K., Wall Street, Badlands, Ghandi, Gettysburg, The Final Countdown).
- 1940 - Lance Alworth was born. American football player.
- 1941 - Beverly Lee was born. American singer (Shirelles).
- 1941 - Martha Stewart was born. American media personality.
- 1942 - Richard Willstätter dies (b. 1872). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1915.
- 1945 - Eamon Dunphy was born. Former Irish footballer.
- 1946 - National Basketball Association was founded in the United States.
- 1946 - Jack Straw was born. British politician.
- 1946 - Syreeta Wright was born (d. 2004). American singer and songwriter.
- 1948 - Whittaker Chambers accuses Alger Hiss of being a communist and a spy for the Soviet Union.
- 1948 - Jean-Pierre Raffarin was born. Prime Minister of France.
- 1948 - Pierre Lacroix was born. National Hockey League executive.
- 1949 - National Basketball Association is founded in the United States.
- 1950 - John Landis was born. American film director.
- 1951 - Marcel Dionne was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1951 - Jay North was born. American actor.
- 1952 - The 15th Olympic Games concluded in Helsinki
- 1952 - Osvaldo Ardiles was born. Argentine footballer.
- 1952 - Frank Schaeffer was born. American author.
- 1952 - Ricardo Conde was born. Portuguese film director.
- 1954 - Paulinho Pedra Azul was born. Brazilian singer, poet and artist.
- 1954 - Colette dies in Paris (b. 1873). French writer.
- 1956 - Abhisit Vejjajiva was born. Thai politician and Democrat Party leader.
- 1957 - Mani Shankar was born. Indian film maker.
- 1958 - The nuclear submarine USS Nautilus travels beneath the Arctic ice cap.
- 1958 - The Billboard Hot 100 is founded.
- 1958 - Ana Kokkinos was born. Greek-Australian film director.
- 1959 - John C. McGinley was born. American actor.
- 1959 - Martin Atkins was born. English drummer.
- 1959 - Koichi Tanaka was born. Japanese scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- 1961 - Lee Rocker was born. American musician (Stray Cats).
- 1961 - Molly Hagan was born. American actress.
- 1962 - Tyria Moore was born. American companion of Aileen Wuornos.
- 1963 - James Hetfield was born. American guitar player, (Metallica).
- 1963 - Ed Roland was born. American musician (Collective Soul).
- 1963 - Glória Pires was born. Brazilian actress.
- 1963 - Isaiah Washington was born. American actor.
- 1964 - Lucky Dube wasm born. South African reggae musician.
- 1964 - Flannery O'Connor dies (b. 1925). American writer.
- 1966 - Eric Esch was born. American boxer.
- 1966 - Lenny Bruce dies of a morphine overdose (b. 1925). American comedian.
- 1967 - Mathieu Kassovitz was born. French film director and screenwriter.
- 1968 - Rod Beck was born (d. 2007). MLB closer.
- 1969 - Libbie Henrietta Hyman dies (b. 6 Dec 1888).American zoologist who wrote two laboratory manuals and a comprehensive six-volume reference work, The Invertebrates, (1940-67) covering most phyla of its subject.
- 1970 - Masahiro Sakurai was born. Japanese video game developer.
- 1970 - Gina G was born. Australian singer.
- 1971 - DJ Spinderella was born. American rapper (Salt-N-Pepa).
- 1971 - Forbes Johnston was born. Professional Football Player.
- 1972 - U.S. Senate ratifies the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
- 1972 - Sandis Ozoliņš was born. Latvian ice hockey player.
- 1973 - Isabel Fillardis was born. Brazilian actress.
- 1973 - Stephen Carpenter was born. American musician (Deftones).
- 1973 - Jay Cutler was born. American bodybuilder.
- 1973 - Nikos Dabizas was born. Greek footballer.
- 1973 - Richard Marshall dies (b. 1895). U. S. Army General.
- 1975 - Aryiro Strataki was born. Greek heptathlete.
- 1975 - Andreas Embirikos dies (b.1901). Greek surrealist poet.
- 1976 - Troy Glaus was born. American baseball player.
- 1977 - Rachel de Queiroz is the first womam to be elect to Academia Brasileira de Letras.
- 1977 - United States Senate Hearing on MKULTRA.
- 1977 - Angela Beesley was born. British Internet entrepreneur.
- 1977 - Óscar Pereiro was born. Spanish cyclist.
- 1977 - Rui Silva was born in Santarém. Portuguese athlete.
- 1977 - Tom Brady was born. American football player.
- 1977 - Tómas Lemarquis was born. Icelandic actor.
- 1977 - Alfred Lunt dies (b. 1892). American actor.
- 1978 - Suzana Alves was born. Brazilian actress (Tiazinha).
- 1979 - Kris Jenkins was born. American football player.
- 1979 - Evangeline Lilly was born. Canadian model/actress.
- 1979 - Bertil Ohlin dies (b. 1899). Swedish economist.
- 1980 - Dominic Moore was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1980 - Brandan Schieppati was born. American singer (Bleeding Through).
- 1981 - In the United States, Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization walks off the job. All 13,000 members will eventually be fired by President Ronald Reagan.
- 1981 - A military coup deposes General Luis García Meza from President of Bolivia.
- 1981 - Senegalese opposition parties, under the leadership of Mamadou Dia, launches the Antiimperialist Action Front-Suxxali Reew Mi.
- 1983 - New York Yankee outfielder Dave Winfield accidentally killed a seagull during a baseball game and was charged by police for his "act of cruelty to animals". His manager Billy Martin quipped, "It's the first time he's hit the cutoff man."
- 1983 - Carolyn Jones dies (b. 1929). American actress.
- 1984 - Jon Foster was born. American actor.
- 1984 - Carah Faye Charnow was born. American singer (Shiny Toy Guns).
- 1986 - Prince Louis Xavier Marie Guillaume was born. Prince of Luxembourg and of Nassau.
- 1987 - Argentinian writer Abel Posse receives in Buenos Aires The International Prize "Rómulo Gallegos" for his novel "Los perros del paraíso".
- 1987 - Brooklyn Decker was born. American fashion model.
- 1987 – Kim Hyung Joon was born. Korean singer (SS501).
- 1993 - Yurina Kumai was born. Japanese singer.
- 1995 - Ida Lupino dies (b. 1914). English actress and film director.
- 1995 - Edward Whittemore dies (b. 1933). American novelist.
- 1996 - “Give your body happiness, Macarena...” Macarena (bayside boys mix), by Los Del Rio, hit #1 on Billboard.
- 1996 - General William F. Garrison accepted responsibility for the outcome of the 1993 raid in Somalia, and he retired from military service.
- 1996 - Fernanda Ribeiro, Portuguese athlete, wins the gold medal in Atlanta Olympic Games in 10.000 metres women/ Nos Jogos Olímpicos de Atlanta, a atleta portuguesa Fernanda Ribeiro ganha a medalha de ouro nos 10 000 metros.
- 1997 - Oued El-Had and Mezouara massacre in Algeria; 40-76 villagers killed.
- 1997 - Pietro Rizzuto dies (b. 1934). Canadian politician.
- 1998 - Alfred Schnittke dies (b. 1934). Russian composer.
- 2000 - George W. Bush accepts the Republican presidential nomination at the party's Convention in Philadelphia.
- 2001 - The Real IRA detonate a car bomb in Ealing, London, U.K injuring seven people. (See 3 August 2001 Ealing bombing).
- 2001 - Christopher Hewett dies (b. 1922). British actor.
- 2002 - Carmen Silvera dies (b. 1922). British actress.
- 2003 - Roger Voudouris dies (b. 1954). American singer and songwriter.
- 2003 - Peter Safar dies (b. 12 Apr 1924). Austrian-American physician whose pioneering "Kiss of Life" procedure of mouth-to-mouth resuscitations is credited with saving countless lives.
- 2004 - The pedestal of the Statue of Liberty reopens after being closed since the September 11, 2001 attacks.
- 2004 - Henri Cartier-Bresson dies (b. 1908). French photographer.
- 2005 - President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya of Mauritania is overthrown in a military coup while attending the funeral of King Fahd in Saudi Arabia.
- 2005 - Françoise d'Eaubonne dies (b. 1920). French feminist.
- 2005 - Steven Vincent dies (b. 1955). American journalist.
- 2006 - Arthur Lee dies (b. 1945). American psychedelic rock musician.
- 2006 - Elisabeth Schwarzkopf dies (b. 1915). German opera singer.
- 2007 - Champions League 2007/2008: In Nyon is made the draw for the third qualifying round.
- 2007 - John Gardner dies (b. 1926). British author.
- 2008 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn dies (b. 1918). Russian writer.
- 2008 – Erik Darling dies (b. 1933). American folk singer/songwriter.
- 2008 – Skip Caray dies (b. 1939). American TV and radio broadcaster.
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