Nothingandall: On this day in History

0649 - St. Martin I began his reign as Pope.
1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance, the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England.
1586 - Thomas Hooker was born (d. 1647). Connecticut colonist.
1610 - John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
1653 - Thomas Pitt was born (d. 1726). British Governor of Madras.
1675 - Mary Walcott was born. American accuser at the Salem witch trials.
1681 - Feodor Aleksejevitch dies. Tsar of Russia.
1687 - Isaac Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica is published.
1717 - Pedro III of Portugal was born (d. 1786). Consort of Queen Maria I of Portugal.

1718 - Francis Seymour-Conway, 1st Marquess of Hertford was born (d. 1794). Viceroy of Ireland.

1761 - Louis-Léopold Boilly was born (d. 1845). French painter.

1770 - Battle of Chesma between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

1773 - Francisco José Freire dies (b. 1719). Portuguese historian and philologist.

1775 - US Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition.

1794 - Sylvester Graham was born (d. 1851). American inventor of Graham cracker.

1801 - David Farragut was born (d. 1870). American naval commander.

1803 - The convention of Artlenburg leads to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).

1805 - Robert Fitz Roy was born (d. 1865). British seaworthy and meteorologic.

1809 - Battle of Wagram starts, the two-day battle was the largest yet of the Napoleonic Wars.

1810 - Phineas Taylor "P. T." Barnum was born (d. 1891). American circus owner.

1811 - Venezuela is the first South American country to declare independence from Spain.

1813 - War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York begin.

1814 - War of 1812: Battle of Chippewa - American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario.

1820 - William John Macquorn Rankine was born. Physicist.

1829 - Ignacio Mariscal was born (d. 1910). Mexican writer and diplomatic.

1830 - France invades Algeria.

1833 - Admiral Charles Napier defeats the navy of the Portuguese usurper Dom Miguel at the third Battle of Cape St. Vincent.

1833 - Nicéphore Niépce dies. French inventor (photographie).

1841 - William C. Whitney was born (d. 1904). American financier.

1848 - José Fernandes Costa was born in Lisbon (d. 30 Jul 1920). Portuguese poet and journalist.

1852 - A pena de morte para crimes políticos é abolida em Portugal .

1853 - Cecil Rhodes was born (d. 1902). South African financier, diamond merchant and statesman.

1860 - Robert Bacon was born (d. 1919). American politician.

1865 - Hans Ziemann was born (d. 1939). Physician.

1865 - William Booth founds the Christian Mission (later renamed to the Salvation Army).

1865 - The world's first maximum speed law is enacted in England.

1865 - The Salvation Army is founded in the East End of London, England.

1872 - Edouard Herriot was born (d. 1957). French politician.

1874 - Eugen Fischer was born (d. 1967). Nazi physician.

1878 - The coat of arms of the Baku governorate was established.

1879 - Dwight F. Davis was born (d. 28 Nov 1945). American Tennis Hall of Famer [inducted in 1956]: founder of Davis Cup [donated first trophy in 1900]; tennis player and politician.

1879 - Wanda Landowska was born (d. 1959). Polish harpsichordist.

1880 - Jan Kubelík was born (d. 1940). Czech violinist.

1884 - Germany takes possession of Cameroon.

1886 - Willem Drees was born (d. 1988). Prime Minister of the Netherlands.

1888 - Herbert Spencer Gasser was born. American psychologist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

1889 - Jean Cocteau was born (d. 1963). French writer.

1890 - Frederick Lewis Allen was born (d. 1954). American social historian.

1891 - John Howard Northrop was born (d. 1987). Americah chemist, Nobel Prize laureate in 1946 .

1891 - Ramón Gómez de la Serna was born. Spanish writer.

1899 - Marcel Achard was born (d. 1974). French playwright, screenwriter and author.

1901 - Sergey Obraztsov was born (d. 1992). Soviet puppet master.

1902 - Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. was born (d. 1985). American diplomat.

1904 - Harold Acton was born (d. 1994). American writer and dilettante.

1904 - Ernst Mayr was born (d. 2005). American biologist.

1904 - Milburn Stone was born (d. 1980). American actor.

1904 - Abai Kunanbaiuli dies. Kazakh poet

1908 - Jonas Lie dies. Norwegian author

1911 - Liberato Marcial Rojas Cabral assume a presidência do Paraguai.

1911 - Georges Pompidou was born (d. 1974). French politician.

1911 - D. Maria Pia de Sabóia dies. Queen of Portugal.

1914 - Annie Fischer was born. Hungarian pianist.

1918 - George Rochberg was born (d. 2005). American classical composer.

1918 - René Lecavalier was born (d. 1999). French Canadian radio host and television sportscaster.

1920 - Max Klinger dies. Artist

1924 - Janos Starker was born. Hungarian Grammy Award-winning cellist [Instrumental Soloist without Orchestra: 1997]: Bach: Suites for Solo Cello Nos. 1–6; Grand prix du disque [France: 1948]

1924 - Osman Lins was born. Brazilian writer.

1924 - Niels Jannasch was born (d. 2001). Canadian historian and museum curator.

1924 - János Starker was born. Hungarian cellist

1928 - Pierre Mauroy was born. French politician

1928 - Katherine Helmond was born. American actress

1928 - Warren Oates was born (d. 1982). American actor.

1930 - Nasce Fernanda Alves na cidade de Lisboa (m. 6 Jan 2000). Actriz portuguesa, recitadora e encenadora (TEP). Figura destacada do Teatro Independente. Pertencia ao elenco do Teatro Nacional D. Maria II. Era membro do PCP (Partido Comunista Português). Casada com o poeta Ernesto Sampaio, este após a sua morte dedicou-lhe o livro "Fernanda" ("É uma planta que continua a florescer depois de ter sido arrancada").

1931 - António de Macedo was born. Portuguese film director/ cineasta português. António de Macedo, nasce em Lisboa. Realizador português e argumentista [Chá Forte com Limão (1993); Abismos da Meia-Noite, Os (1984) ; Príncipe com Orelhas de Burro, O (1980) ; A Promessa (1973); Domingo à Tarde (1965), entre outros]

1932 - Billy Laughlin was born (d. 1948). American actor.

1932 - Salazar foi nomeado Presidente do Conselho de Ministros de Portugal.

1934 - Katherine Helmond was born. American actress.

1934 - "Bloody Thursday" - Police open fire on striking longshoremen in San Francisco.

1935 - The National Labor Relations Act, which governs labor relations in the United States, is signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1935 - John Gilmore was born. American true crime author

1936 - James Mirrlees was born. Scottish economist, Nobel Prize laureate

1936 - Shirley Knight was born. American actress

1937 - Highest recorded temperature in Canada, at Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan: 45 °C.

1937 - Spam, the luncheon meat, was introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation.

1939 - Booker Edgerson was born. American football player

1940 - World War II: The United Kingdom and the Vichy France government break off diplomatic relations.

1941 - World War II: German troops reach the Dniepr River.

1941 - Barbara Frischmuth was born. Austrian writer.

1943 - Curt Blefary was born (d. 2001). Major League Baseball player.

1943 - World War II: Battle of Kursk - The largest tank battle in history begins as German tanks attacked the Soviet salient.

1943 - World War II: An Allied invasion fleet sails to Sicily.

1943 - Betty Grable and Harry James got married

1943 - Curt Blefary was born (d. 2001). American baseball player.

1943 - Robbie Robertson was born. Canadian guitarist (The Band)

1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Philippines declared.

1945 - John Curtin dies. Fourteenth Prime Minister of Australia.

1945 - Labour Party won British parliamentary election.

1946 - The bikini is introduced in Paris.

1946 - Paul Smith was born. British fashion designer

1946 - Pierre-Marc Johnson was born. American lawyer, physician and politician

1947 - Larry Doby signs a contract with the Cleveland Indians baseball team, becoming the first black player in the American League. (Jackie Robinson had broken the color barrier with the Brooklyn Dodgers in the National League 11 weeks earlier.)

1948 - British National Health Service Act enacted.

1948 - William Hootkins was born (d. 2005). American actor.

1948 - Georges Bernanos dies (b. 1888). French writer.

1950 - Korean War: Task Force Smith - First clash between American and North Korean forces.

1950 - Zionism: The Knesset passes the Law of Return which grants all Jews the right to immigrate to Israel.

1950 - Huey Lewis was born. American musician

1950 - Michael Monarch was born. American guitarist (Steppenwolf)

1951 - Rich Gossage was born. American baseball player

1951 - William Shockley invents the junction transistor.

1954 - Elvis Presley has his first commercial recording session. He sang That's All Right (Mama) and Blue Moon of Kentucky. Widely considered to be the birth of Rock and Roll.

1954 - The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin.

1954 - Andhra Pradesh High Court is established.

1954 - João Lopes was born in Caldas da Rainha, Portugal. Portuguese film critic. He wrote in several newspapers since 1973 ("República", "Expresso", "Diario de Notícias"). Film teacher at Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema. Film writer and director.

1954 - Leni Björklund was born. Swedish politician

1954 - John Wright was born. New Zealand cricketer

1955 - Peter McNamara was born. Australian tennis player

1956 - Patsy Pease was born. American actress

1956 - James Lofton was born. American football player and coach

1957 - David Hanson was born. Canadian politician

1957 - David Pinkney was born. British Touring Car Racer

1957 - Doug Wilson was born. Canadian hockey player

1957 - Charles Sherwood Noble dies. American inventor

1958 - First ascent of Gasherbrum I, 11th highest peak on the earth

1958 - Bill Watterson was born. American cartoonist.

1959 - Ben-Gurion's Israeli government resigned.

1959 - Marc Cohn was born. American singer and songwriter

1960 - Pruitt Taylor Vince was born. American actor

1960 - James M. Kelly was born. American politician

1961 - Isabelle Poulenard was born. French soprano

1962 - Algeria becomes independent from France.

1963 - Edie Falco was born. American actress.

1963 - Russ Lorenson was born. American singer and actor.

1964 - Gustavo Díaz Ordaz is elected President of México.

1966 - Kathryn Erbe was born. American actress.

1966 - Gianfranco Zola was born. Italian football (soccer) player.

1966 - Susannah Doyle was born. British actress.

1966 - George de Hevesy dies (b. 1885). Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.

1968 - O tenista australiano Rod Laver ganha o Torneio de Wimbledon.

1968 - Nardwuar the Human Serviette was born. Canadian journalist.

1968 - Alex Zülle was born. Swiss cyclist.

1968 - Ken Akamatsu was born. Mangaka.

1969 - Em Londres, no Hyde Park, os Rolling Stones tocaram gratuitamente.

1969 - John LeClair was born. American hockey player.

1969 - RZA was born. American rapper rapper (Wu-Tang Clan).

1969 - Jenji Kohan was born. American television writer and producer.

1970 - Luis Echevarría os elected President of Mexico.

1970 - An Air Canada DC-8 crashes near Toronto International Airport killing 108.

1970 - Mac Dre was born (d. 2004). American rapper.

1971 - Right to vote: The voting age in the United States is reduced to 18 from 21 (provision of the 26th Amendment formally certified by President Richard Nixon on this day).

1971 - Derek McInnes was born. Scottish footballer.

1972 - Letha Weapons was born. Porn actress.

1973 - Catastrophic BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) in Kingman, Arizona, following a fire that broke out as propane was being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, kills 11 firefighters. This explosion has become a classic incident studied in fire department training programs worldwide.

1973 - Róisín Murphy was born. Irish musician.

1973 - Marcus Allbäck was born. Swedish footballer.

1973 - Bengt Lagerberg was born. Swedish musician (The Cardigans).

1973 - René Spies was born. German bobsledder.

1974 - Márcio Amoroso was born. Brazilian footballer.

1975 - Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon singles title.

1975 - Cape Verde gains its independence from Portugal.

1975 - Hernán Crespo was born. Argentinian footballer.

1975 - Gunnar H. Thomsen was born. Faroese musician (Týr).

1975 - Kip Gamblin was born. Australian dancer and actor.

1975 - Ai Sugiyama was born. Japanese tennis player.

1975 - Otto Skorzeny dies. German commando who rescued Benito Mussolini.

1976 - Em Espanha, entrou em vigor a Lei de Associação Política

1976 - Nuno Gomes was born. Portuguese football player of Benfica, Portugal's champion 2004/2005.

1976 - Marina Dias was born. Brazilian supermodel.

1976 - Bizarre was born. American rapper (D12)

1977 - Military coup in Pakistan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto the very first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan overthrown.

1977 - Nicolas Kiefer was born. German tennis player.

1977 - Royce Da 5'9" was born. American rapper

1978 - Publicada a Lei Orgânica do Ministério Público, em Portugal.

1979 - In Portugal, some politic parties joined to created The Democratic Aliance (A Aliança Democrática) / O PSD, CDS e PPM criam a Aliança Democrática (AD).

1979 - Amélie Mauresmo was born. French tennis player.

1979 - Stiliyan Petrov was born. Bulgarian footballer.

1979 - Shane Filan was born. Irish musician (Westlife).

1980 - Jason Wade was born. American musician (Lifehouse).

1980 - David Rozehnal was born. Czech footballer.

1980 - Eva Green was born. French actress.

1981 - Jesse Crain was born. Canadian-born baseball player.

1982 - NBC's experiment in late-night news programming, NBC News Overnight, debuts.

1982 - Jimmy Connors won the men’s singles tennis title at Wimbledon. Connors beat John McEnroe 3-6, 6-3, 6-7, 7-6, 6-4.

1982 - Alberto Gilardino was born. Italian footballer.

1982 - Philippe Gilbert was born. Belgian cyclist.

1983 - Harry James dies. Musician, swing-era bandleader, trumpet player.

1983 - In Portugal is created The National Ecologic Reserve.

1983 - Fundación del Club Deportivo Provincial Osorno, Chile

1985 - Fundação da Liga de Futebol Profissional da Venezuela

1985 - Stephanie McIntosh was born. Australian actress.

1985 - Nick O'Malley was born. Bass player for Arctic Monkeys

1987 - First instance of the LTTE using suicide attacks on Sri Lankan Army. The Black Tigers are born and in the following years continue to use it to deadly effect.

1989 - Iran-Contra Affair: Oliver North is sentenced by U.S. District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell to a three-year suspended prison term, two years probation, $150,000 in fines and 1,200 hours community service.

1989 - The sitcom Seinfeld aired its first episode.

1985 - Nick O'Malley was born. Bass player for Arctic Monkeys

1989 - Joseph King was born. American swimmer.

1991 - Jason Dolley was born. American actor.

1991 - Howard Nemerov dies (b. 1920). American poet.

1992 - Andre Agassi won his first Grand Slam title, defeating Goran Ivanisevic at Wimbledon.

1993 - Maria Teresa de Noronha dies. Portuguese singer, fadist.

1994 - The United States announced it would be refusing entry to further unrestricted immigration from Haiti.

1996 - Dolly the sheep was born. First cloned mammal.

1998 - Pete Sampras won Wimbledon for the fifth time in six years with a 6-7 (2-7), 7-6 (11-9), 6-4, 3-6, 6-2 triumph over Goran Ivanisevic.

1998 - Japan launches a probe to Mars, and thus joins the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation.

1998 - Sid Luckman dies (b. 1916). American football player.