Nothingandall: On this day in History

100 BC - Gaius Julius Caesar was born (either July 13 or July 12) (d. 44 BC). Roman soldier and politician.
0040 - Gnaeus Julius Agricola was born (d. 0093). Roman Governor of Britain.
0574 - Pope John III dies.
0939 - Pope Leo VII dies.
0982 - Otto II is defeated in Calabria by the Saracens, Pandulf II of Salerno and Landulf IV of Benevento killed in battle.
1024 - Emperor Henry II dies.
1174 - William the Lion of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
1189 - Matilda of England dies (b. 1156). Daughter of Henry II of England.
1205 - Hubert Walter dies. Archbishop of Canterbury and Justicier of England.
1357 - Bartolus de Saxoferrato dies (b. 1313). Italian jurist.
1399 - Peter Parler dies (b. 1330). German architect.
1402 - Jianwen Emperor of China dies (b. 1377).
1491 - Príncipe Afonso de Portugal, herdeiro do rei João II
1527 - John Dee was born (d. 1609). English alchemist, astrologer, and mathematician who contributed greatly to the revival of interest in mathematics in England.
1551 - John Wallop dies (b. 1490). English soldier and diplomat.
1558 - Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
1573 - Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
1579 - Arthur Dee was born (d. 1651). English physician and alchemist.
1590 - Pope Clement X was born (d. 1676).
1607 - Václav Hollar was born (d. 1677). Czech-born actor.
1608 - Ferdinand III was born (d. 1657). Holy Roman Emperor. He headed the so-called peace party at the Habsburg imperial court during the Thirty Years' War and ended that war in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.
1621 - Archduke Albert of Austria dies (b. 1559). Governor of the Low Countries.
1626 - Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester dies (b. 1563). English statesman.
1628 - Robert Shirley dies (b. 1581). English adventurer.
1629 - Caspar Bartholin the Elder dies (b. 1585). Swedish physician and theologian.
1643 - English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down - In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
1645 - Tsar Michael I of Russia dies (b. 1596).
1647 - Criação da Aula de Fortificação e Arquitectura Militar, na Ribeira das Naus.
1683 - Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex dies (b. 1631). English statesman.
1693 - Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms dies (b. 1636). Dutch lieutenant-general.
1705 - Titus Oates dies (b. 1649). English protestant conspirator.

1745 - Robert Calder was born (d. 1818). British naval officer.

1755 - Edward Braddock dies. British general.

1760 - Conrad Weiser dies (b. 1696). Pennsylvania's ambassador to the Native Americans.

1761 - Tokugawa Ieshige dies (b. 1712). Japanese shogun.

1762 - James Bradley dies (b. 1693). English Astronomer Royal

1769 - Thomas Kelly was born. Irish Episcopal clergyman and author of 765 hymns, including: 'Praise the Savior, Ye Who Know Him.'

1770 - Alexander Balashov was born (d. 1837). Russian general and statesman.

1772 - HMS Resolution, under the command of Captain James Cook, sets sail from Plymouth, England.

1776 - Caroline of Badenwas born (d. 1841). Queen of Bavaria.

1777 - Guillaume Coustou dies. French sculptor.

1787 - The Continental Congress enacts the Northwest Ordinance establishing governing rules for the Northwest Territory. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of slavery.

1789 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau dies (b. 1715). French economist.

1793 - John Clare was born (d. 1864). English poet.

1793 - Jean Paul Marat (b. 1743), one of the leaders of the French revolution, is murdered by Charlotte Corday.

1794 - Battle of the Vosges between French forces and those of Prussia and Austria

1798 - Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia) was born (d. 1860). Tsarina of Russia.

1807 - Henry Benedict Stuart dies (b. 1725). Jacobite claimant to the throne of England.

1808 - Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta was born (d. 1893). President of France

1816 - Gustav Freitag was born (d. 1895). Writer.

1821 - Nathan Bedford Forrest was born (d. 1877). American Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan leader.

1822 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.

1830 - The General Assembly's Institution, now the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the Bengal Renaissance is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

1832 - The source of the Mississippi River is discovered, by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft.

1837 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom moves into the first Buckingham Palace in London and is the first British monarch to live there.

1841 - Otto Wagner was born (d. 1918). Austrian architect.

1854 - In the battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General Jose Maria Yanez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon.

1856 - José Augusto Vieira do Nascimento was born in Valença do Minho (d. 13 Jul 1890). Portuguese writer.

1858 - Stewart Culin was born (d. 1929). American ethnographer.

1859 - Sidney Webb was born (d. 1947). English economist and socialist who was founder of the Fabian Society.

1863 - New York Draft Riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of rioting which will be later regarded as the worst in United States history.

1864 - John Jacob Astor IV was born (d. 1912). American entrepreneur.

1878 - Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia and Montenegro become completely independent of the Ottoman empire.

1882 - Johnny Ringo dies (b. 1850). American Gunfighter.

1889 - Louise of Mountbatten was born (d. 1965). Queen of Sweden.

1889 - Robert Hamerling dies (b. 1830). Austrian poet.

1890 - John C. Frémont dies (b. 1813). American army officer, explorer and presidential candidate.

1893 - Morte de Joaquim de Seabra Pessoa. Pai do poeta português Fernando Pessoa.

1894 - Isaac Babel was born (d. 1940). Ukrainian writer.

1895 - Sidney Blackmer was born (d. 1973). American actor.

1896 - Mordecai Ardon was born (d. 1992). One of Israel's greatest painters.

1896 - Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz dies (b. 1829). German organic chemist.

1898 - Guglielmo Marconi patenta la radio

1898 - Julius Schreck was born (d. 1936). Member of the Nazi party.

1900 - George Lewis was born (d. 1969). American jazz musician

1900 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers.

1901 - Eric Portman was born (d. 1969). English stage and film actor.

1903 - Kenneth Clark was born (d. 1983). English art historian.

1905 - Alfredo M. Santos was born (d. 1990). First Four-star General of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, World War II hero.

1908 - 4th modern Olympic games opens in London. Women compete in modern Olympics for the first time.

1909 - Gold discovered near Cochrane, Ontario.

1912 - Leader of the Indian freedom movement and scholar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad brought out his noted Urdu news journal, al-Hilal.

1913 - Dave Garroway was born (d. 1982). American television host.

1913 - Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller was born. Danish shipping magnate.

1914 - Simone Pianetti's mass murder action in Camerata Cornello, Italy.

1914 - Sam Hanksauto was born (d. 27 Jun 1994). Car racer: Indianapolis 500 winner [1957: 135.601 mph]

1918 - Alberto Ascari was born (d. 1955). Italian race car driver.

1918 - Sebastião Carvalho Leme was born. Brazilian photographer.

1919 - The British airship R-34 lands in Norfolk, England, completing the first airship return journey across the Atlantic in 182 hours of flight.

1920 - Bill Towers was born (d. 2000). English footballer.

1921 - Ernest Gold was born (d. 1999). Austrian composer.

1921 - Friedrich Peter was born (d. 2005). Austrian politician.

1921 - Git Gay was born (d. 2007). Swedish actress and singer.

1921 - Gabriel Lippmann dies (b. 1845). French physicist Nobel Prize for Phisic de Física in 1908.

1922 - Anker Jørgensen was born. Danish Prime Minister, Democratic Socialist

1922 - Ken Mosdell was born (d. 2006). Canadian ice hockey player.

1922 - Martin Dies dies (b .1870). American politician.

1923 - The Hollywood Sign is officially dedicated in the hills above Hollywood, Los Angeles. It originally reads "Hollywoodland " but the four last letters are dropped after renovation in 1949.

1924 - Carlo Bergonzi was born. Italian tenor

1924 - Michel Constantin was born (d. 2003). French film actor.

1927 - Simone Veil was born. French politician.

1928 - Bob Crane was born (d. 1978). American actor.

1928 - Mace Neufeld was born. Film producer.

1928 - Leroy Vinnegar was born. American jazz bassist.

1928 - Tommaso Buscetta was born (d. 2000). Sicilian mafioso and pentito

1929 - Alan Civil was born (d. 1989). English French horn player.

1929 - Sofia Muratova was born. Soviet gymnast.

1930 - The first FIFA World Cup begins in Uruguay.

1931 - Frank Ramsey was born. American basketball player.

1932 - Hubert Reeves was born. Canadian astrophysicist.

1933 - David Malcolm Storey was born. Writer.

1933 - Patsy Byrne was born. English actress.

1934 - Wole Soyinka was born. Nigerian writer, Nobel Prize laureate.

1934 - Aleksei Yeliseyev was born. Soviet cosmonaut.

1935 - Jack Kemp was born. American football player and Vice Presidential candidate.

1936 - A heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States. The all-time highest temperatures for the states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana are all recorded on this date.

1936 - Albert Ayler was born (d. 1970). American musician.

1937 - José Agrippino de Paula was born in São Paulo (d. 4 Jul 2007). Brazilian writer.

1940 - Patrick Stewart was born. English actor.

1940 - Fausto Guedes Teixeira dies in Lamego (b. 11 Oct. 1871). Portuguese poet.

1941 - World War II: Montenegrins start the first popular uprising in Europe against the Axis Powers on 13 of July.

1941 - Robert Forster was born. American actor

1941 - Jacques Perrin was born. French actor and filmmaker

1942 - World War II: German U-Boats sink three more merchant ships in Gulf of St. Lawrence.

1942 - Harrison Ford was born in Chicago, Illinois. American actor (Presumed Innocent, Star Wars, Indiana Jones, Apocalypse Now, American Graffiti, Sabrina, etc.)

1942 - Roger McGuinn was born. American musician.

1943 - Greatest tank battle in history ended with Russia's defeat of Germany at Kursk. Almost 6,000 tanks took part and 2,900 were lost by Germany.

1944 - Ernő Rubik was born. Hungarian inventor (Rubik's cube), sculptor, and architect

1946 - Cheech Marin was born. American actor and comedian.

1946 - João Bosco was born in Ponte Preta. Brazilian singer and composer.

1946 - Alfred Stieglitz dies (b. 1864). American photographer.

1948 - The Coptic and Ethiopian Churches reach an agreement leading to the promotion of the Ethiopian church to the rank of an autocephalous Patriarchate. Five bishops are immediately consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria, who are empowered to elect a new Patriarch for their church, and the successor to Abuna Qerellos IV is granted the power to consecrate new bishops.

1948 - Catherine Breillat was born. French director and screenwriter

1948 - Daphne Maxwell Reid was born. American actress.

1949 - Pope Pius XII excommunicates communist catholics.

1950 - George "Pinky" Nelson was born. American astronaut.

1950 - Ma Ying-jeou was born. Former mayor of Taipei, former chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT).

1951 - Rob Bishop was born. American politician.

1951 - Stellan Skarsgård was born. Swedish actor.

1951 - Arnold Schoenberg dies (b. 1874). Austrian composer.

1953 - Johnny Clegg was born. South African composer and musician.

1953 - Mila Mulroney was born. Wife of former Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney

1954 - David Thompson was born. American basketball player.

1954 - Louise Mandrell was born. American musician.

1954 - Rick Chartraw was born. American ice hockey player.

1954 - Sezen Aksu was born. Turkish singer and songwriter, Eurovision Song Contest winner.

1954 - Frida Kahlo dies (b. 1907). Mexican painter.

1955 - Ruth Ellis (b. 1926), convicted murder, dies hanged at London's Holloway Prison. She was the last woman to get the death sentence in Britain.

1956 - Michael Spinks was born. International Boxing Hall of Famer, Olympic gold medal-winning boxer [1976]; champion: light heavyweight, heavyweight; total bouts: 33, won: 32, lost: 1, KOs: 21

1956 - Claude Giroux was born. Canadian midget wrestler.

1957 - Phil Margera was born. Father of Bam Margera.

1957 - Thierry Boutsen was born. Belgian racing driver.

1957 - Cameron Crowe was born. American film director and writer.

1959 - Richard Leman was born. English field hockey player.

1960 - Ian Hislop was born. English writer, editor of Private Eye.

1960 - Joy Gresham dies (b. 1915). American writer.

1961 - Tim Watson was born. Australian rules footballer.

1961 - Stelios Manolas was born. Greek footballer and manager.

1962 - Tom Kenny was born. American voice actor.

1962 - Rhonda Vincent was born. Bluegrass singer.

1963 - Neal Foulds was born. English snooker player.

1963 - Spud Webb was born. American basketball player.

1964 - André Gago was born. Portuguese actor.

1965 - J. K. Rowling was born. English writer.

1965 - Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro dies. President of Colombia (1950-1953).

1965 - Photios Kontoglou dies (b. 1895). Greek writer, painter and iconographer.

1966 - Gerald Levert was born (d. 2006). American singer.

1966 - At Old Trafford, in Manchester, Portugal beat Hungary for the first round of 1966 -Football World Championship, Group 3, Portugal:Hungary 3:1 (1:0). José Augusto 2 , Torres and Ferenc Bene were the scorers / Portugal vence a Hungria por 3-1 (com 1-0 ao intervalo) na primeira ronda da fase final do Campeonato do Mundo de Futebol na Inglaterra,em jogo disputado em Manchester perante 37.000 pessoas.

1967 - Benny Benassi was born. Italian disc jockey.

1967 - Dean Barnett was born. American Conservative blogger.

1967 - Sandy Fox was born. American voice actress.

1967 - Tom Simpson dies (b. 1937). British cyclist.

1968 - Brazilian Martha Vasconcellos wins Miss Univers contest.

1968 - Robert Gant was born. American actor.

1969 - Joaquim Agostinho venceu a etapa La Grande Motte – Revel da Volta à França. Pela primeira vez um ciclista português ganhava duas etapas do Tour, abrindo caminho à maior proeza de sempre até então um oitavo lugar na classificação geral da mais importante prova velocipédica do mundo.

1969 - Oleg Serebrian was born. Moldovan politician and political scientist

1969 - Mark Greenway was born. British vocalist

1969 - Kakhi Kakhiashvili was born. Georgian-born Greek weightlifter

1970 - Leslie Groves, membro do Exército dos Estados Unidos que observou a construção do Pentágono e o principal líder militar do Projecto Manhattan.

1970 - Barry Pinches was born. English snooker player .

1971 - Death for Moroccan rebel leaders . Ten army officers involved in an aborted coup in Morocco have been executed.

1972 - The United States Democratic Party nominates George McGovern for president at its convention in Miami Beach, Florida but, because of an impassioned platform dispute, McGovern does not give his acceptance speech until the early morning hours of the 14th.

1972 - Sean Waltman was born. American wrestler.

1973 - Hector de Campora resigns as President of Argentina.

1973 - Alexander Butterfield reveals the existence of the Nixon tapes to the special Senate committee investigating the Watergate break in.

1973 - Monoxide Child was born. American rapper.

1973 - Ariel Silvio Zárate was born. Argentine footballer.

1973 - Willy Fritsch dies (b. 1901). German film actor.

1974 - Deborah Cox was born. Canadian R&B singer.

1974 - Jarno Trulli was born. Italian Formula 1 racer.

1974 - Patrick Blackett dies (b. 1897). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.

1975 - Danni Boatwright was born. American model, sports caster, and Survivor contestant

1976 - Al Santos was born. American model and actor.

1976 - Sheldon Souray was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1976 - Frederick Hawksworth dies (b. 1884). GWR Chief mechanical engineer.

1976 - Joachim Peiper dies (b. 1915). German military leader.

1977 - The New York City Blackout of 1977 lasts for 25 hours and results in looting and other disorder.

1977 - Ashley Scott was born. American actress.

1977 - Mário Augusto da Silva dies. Portuguese physicist.

1978 - Ford Motor Company President Lee Iacocca is fired by chairman Henry Ford II, ending a long dispute between the men.

1978 - Sheldon Souray was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1979 - Craig Bellamy was born. Welsh footballer.

1979 - Ludwig Merwart dies (b. 1913). Austrian painter and graphic artist.

1980 - Seretse Khama dies (b. 1921). First President of Botswana.

1982 - Montreal hosts the first baseball All-Star Game outside the United States.

1982 - Joost van den Broek was born. Dutch keyboard player (After Forever)

1982 - Simon Clist was born. English footballer.

1982 - Christopher Bauman was born (d. 205). American professional wrestler.

1982 - Shin-Soo Choo was born. South Korean baseball player

1982 - Yadier Molina was born. Puerto Rican baseball player.

1983 - Around 3,000 Tamils were slaughtered by Sinhalese Buddhist majority in Sri Lanka and some 400,000 Tamils fled to neighboring Tamil Nadu, India and a lot found refuge in Europe and Canada. This incident, known as Black July led directly to beginning of civil war in Sri Lanka.

1983 - Liu Xiang was born. Chinese hurdling athlete.

1983 - Kristof Beyens was born. Belgian athlete.

1983 - Gabrielle Roy dies (b. 1909). Canadian author.

1984 - Sergei Bubka of U.S.S.R. pole vaults a record 5.89 m.

1985 - The Live Aid benefit concert takes place in London and Philadelphia, as well as other venues such as Sydney and Moscow.

1985 - Vice President George H.W. Bush became the first Vice President to become Acting President when President Ronald Reagan underwent surgery to remove polyps from his colon. Bush served as Acting President for approximately eight hours.

1985 - Guillermo Ochoa was born. Mexican footballer.

1986 - Orígenes Lessa dies in Rio de Janeiro (b. 12 Jul 1903). Brazilian writer and journalist.

1988 - Final results of Mexico's recent presidential election were released, giving the victory to the candidate of the governing party, Carlos Salinas de Gortari. Opponents charged that the election had been stolen.

1983 - Liu Xiang was born. Chinese hurdling athlete.

1989 - Sayumi Michishige was born. Japanese singer.

1990 - Matt Weinberg was born. American actor.

1992 - Dylan Patton was born. American actor.

1992 - Elise Matthysen was born. Belgian swimmer.

1993 - Davey Allison dies (b. 1961). American race car driver.

1995 - Godtfred Kirk Christiansen dies (b. 1920). Danish toy manufacturer (Lego Group)

1996 - A Garuda Indonesia Airways DC-10 crashes on take-off from Fukuoka Airport, Japan, killing 3 passengers.

1996 - Pandro S. Berman dies (b. 1905). American film producer.

1997 - Miguel Ángel Blanco dies assassinated (b. 1968). Spanish politician.

2000 - Fiji's coup leaders released their remaining 18 captives, ending a two-month-old parliamentary hostage crisis.

2001 - Beijing, China is selected to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.

2002 - A lighting strike sets off the Sour Biscuit Fire in Oregon and northern California, which had burned 499,570 acres (2,020 km2) when finally contained on September 5.

2002 - Yousuf Karsh dies (b. 1908). Turkish-born photographer.

2003 - Compay Segundo dies (b. 1907). Cuban folk musician ("Buena Vista Social Club")

2003 - Jeff Groteboer dies (b. 1960). American writer.

2004 - Carlos Kleiber dies (b. 1930). Austrian conductor.

2004 - Arthur Kane dies (b. 1951). Musician (New York Dolls).

2005 - Space Shuttle Discovery launches in the Return to Flight program.

2005 - Three trains collide in the Ghotki rail crash in Ghotki, Pakistan, killing over 150 people.

2006 - Red Buttons dies (b. 1919). American comedian.

2007 - Opening cerimony of 2008 Pan-American Games / Cerimônia de abertura dos Jogos Pan-americanos de 2007.

2007 - Michael Reardon dies. Americian free climber.

2008 - Bronisław Geremek dies (b. 1932). Polish social historian and politician.

Mongolia - Naadam Holiday, 3rd day.