Nothingandall: On this day in History

0323 BC - Alexander the Great dies (b. 356 BC)
1075 - Margrave Ernest the Brave of Austria dies
1190 - Frederick Barbarossa dies drowned (d. 1122). Holy Roman Emperor
1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem.
1213 - Fakhruddin 'Iraqi was born. Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic
1424 - Duke Ernest the Iron of Inner Austria dies
1539 - Council of Trent: Paul III sends out letters to his bishops, delaying the Council due to war and the difficulty bishops had had traveling to Venice.
1580 - Luis de Camões dies (b. 1524). Portuguese poet.
1618 - Nicolas-François Blondel was born. French architect.
1619 - Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt of the Thirty Years' War
1632 - Esprit Fléchier was born (d. 1710). French writer and bishop.
1637 - Jacques Marquette was born (d. 1675). French Jesuit missionary and explorer
1654 - Alessandro Algardi dies (b. 1598). Italian sculptor.
1657 - James Cragg the Elder was born (d. 1721). English politician.
1688 - James Francis Edward Stuart was born (d. 1766). "The Old Pretender".
1692 - Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries".
1692 - Bridget Bishop dies. Accused witch.

1706 - John Dollond was born. English optician.

1710 - James Short was born (d. 1768). Scottish mathematician and optician.

1719 - Jacobite Rising: Battle of Glen Shiel

1735 - Thomas Hearne dies. English antiquary and keeper of the Bodleian Library

1770 - Captain James Cook runs aground on the Great Barrier Reef.

1786 - A landslide dam on the Dadu River created by an earthquake ten days ealier collapses, killing 100,000 in the Sichuan province of China.

1793 - The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris (becoming, a year later, the first public zoo).

1793 - French Revolution: Following arrests of Girondin leaders the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.

1801 - Tripoli declares war on the United States for refusing tribute.

1803 - Henry Darcy was born (d. 1858). French scientist.

1804 - Hermann Schlegel was born (d. 1884). German ornithologist.

1805 - First Barbary War: Yussif Karamanli signs a treaty ending hostilities with the United States.

1819 - Gustave Courbet was born (d. 1877). French painter.

1829 - First Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge (won by Oxford).

1831 - Hans Karl Friedrich Anton, count von Diebitsch dies (b. 1785). Russian field marshal.

1835 - Rebecca Latimer Felton was born (d. 1930). First female U.S. Senator.

1836 - André-Marie Ampère dies (b. 1775). French physicist.

1838 - Myall Creek Massacre in Australia: 28 Aboriginal Australians are murdered.

1840 - Henry Morton Stanley was born. American journalist and explorer

1844 - Carl Hagenbeck was born. Animal trainer

1846 - Mexican-American War: The California Republic declares independence from Mexico.

1854 - The first class of United States Naval Academy students graduate.

1854 - G E Buckle was born. English newspaper editor.

1858 - Robert Brown dies. Naturalist.

1861 - Pierre Duhem was born (d. 1916). French physicist and philosopher of science.

1862 - Mrs Leslie Carter, nee Caroline Dudley, was born (d. 1937). Broadway actress & star.

1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Brice's Crossroads - Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much larger Union force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.

1871 - Captain McLane Tilton leads 109 Marines in naval attack on Han River forts on Kanghwa Island Shinmiyangyo, Korea.

1880 - André Derain was born (d. 1954). French painter and illustrator.

1886 - Eruption of Mount Tarawera in New Zealand, killing 153 people and destroying the famous Pink and White Terraces.

1890 - Stan Laurel was born. Actor.

1895 - Hattie McDaniel was born (d. 1952). Actress, and the first African American to win an Academy Award.

1897 - Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia was born (d. 1918)

1898 - US Marines land on the island of Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

1899 - Ernest Chausson dies (b. 1855). French composer.

1901 - Robert Williams Buchanan dies (b. 1841). British poet, novelist and dramatist.

1901 - Frederick Loewe was born (d. 1988). Austrian-born American composer.

1902 - Jacint Verdaguer dies (b. 1845). Catalan poet.

1903 - Theo Lingen was born (d. 1978). German actor.

1903 - Clyde Beatty was born (d. 1965). Hunter, circus impresario.

1907 - Fairfield Porter was born (d. 1975). American painter.

1908 - Robert Cummings was born (d. 2 Dec 1990). Emmy Award-winning actor: Twelve Angry Men [1954]; Love That Bob, The Bob Cummings Show, My Hero, Dial "M" for Murder, The Carpetbaggers;

1909 - Edward Everett Hale dies. Author.

1910 - Howlin' Wolf was born (d. 1976). Blues musician (born "Chester Burnett").

1911 - Terence Rattigan was born (d. 1977). British playwright.

1912 - Anton Aškerc dies (b. 1856). Slovenian poet.

1913 - Tikhon Khrennikov was born. Russian composer.

1915 - Saul Bellow was born (d. 2005). Canadian-born American author, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature.

1918 - Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent Istvan sinks after being torpedoed by an Italian MAS motorboat.

1918 - Arrigo Boito dies (b. 1842). Italian poet and composer.

1921 - Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was born.

1922 - Judy Garland [Frances Ethel Gumm] was born (d. 22 Jun 1969). American actress, singer. Mother of Liza Minelli and Lorna & Joey Luft. ( Singer : Over the Rainbow, The Trolley Song, You Made Me Love You, The Man that Got Away; actress: The Wizard of Oz, Meet Me in St. Louis, A Star is Born, Easter Parade, The Harvey Girls, Judgment at Nuremberg);

1922 - Nascimento, no Rio de Jabneiro - RJ, de Bibi Ferreira (Abigail Isquierdo Ferreira), consagrada artista do teatro brasilieiro.

1923 - Pierre Loti dies (b. 1850). French sailor and writer.

1924 - Fascists kidnap and kill Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.

1925 - Inagural service for the United Church of Canada, a union of Presbyterian, Methodist, and Congregationalist churches held in Toronto arena

1926 - Antoni Gaudí dies (b. 1852). Catalan architect.

1926 - Lionel Jeffries was born. British actor.

1923 - Robert Maxwell was born (d. 1991). Czech-born British owner of Mirror Group Newspapers

1927 - Lin Yang-kang was born. Chinese politician

1928 - Maurice Sendak was born. Writer, producer, illustrator

1929 - Harald Juhnke was born (d. 2005). German actor and comedian.

1929 - Ian McCahon Sinclair was born. Australian politician

1930 - Theo Sommer was born. German journalist.

1930 - Adolf Harnack dies (b. 1851). German theologian.

1931 - João Gilberto was born. Brazilian singer and guitarist

1932 - Branko Lustig was born. Film producer

1933 - Georgi Atanasov was born. Bulgarian Prime Minister

1933 - F. Lee Bailey was born. American attorney

1934 - Frederick Delius dies (b. 1862). English composer.

1935 - Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio by William G. Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.

1937 - Robert Borden dies (b. 1854). Eighth Prime Minister of Canada.

1940 - World War II: Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.

1940 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy's actions with "Stab in the Back" speech from the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.

1940 - World War II: German forces, under General Erwin Rommel, reach the English Channel.

1940 - World War II: Canada declares war on Italy.

1940 - World War II: Norway Surrenders to German forces.

1940 - John Stevens was born (d. 1994). British drummer.

1940 - Marcus Garvey dies (b. 1887). American civil rights activist.

1941 - Jürgen Prochnow was born. German actor.

1941 - Olívio Dutra was born. Brazilian politician.

1941 - Shirley Owens was born. Singer, member of the Shirelles

1942 - Preston Manning was born. Canadian politician

1942 - World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice as reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich. Na vila checa de Lidice, todos os 172 homens e rapazes com mais de 16 anos são mortos, em retaliação pela morte do chefe das SS e governador do Protectorado alemão da Boémia-Moravia, actual território da República Checa, Reinhard Heydrich. As mulheres foram enviadas para o campo de concentração de Ravensbruck onde a maior parte morreu. Noventa crianças foram enviadas para o campo de Gneisau. A vila foi completamente arrasada.

1943 - The ball-point pen was patented in the USA.

1944 - World War II: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.

1944 - Portugal: National Stadium (Estádio do Jamor) is inaugurated / O Estádio Nacional é inaugurado oficialmente no decorrer das comemorações do «Dia da Raça».

1944 - In baseball, 15-year old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.

1944 - Willem Jacob van Stockum dies (b. 1910). Dutch physicist.

1945 - Australian Imperial Forces landed in Brunei Bay to liberate Brunei.

1946 - Jack Johnson dies (b. 1878). American boxer.

1947 - Alexander Bethune dies (b. 1852). Twelfth Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia.

1947 - Saab produces its first automobile.

1949 - Sigrid Undset dies (b. 1882). Norwegian author, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature.

1951 - Dan Fouts was born. American football star

1951 - Laerte Coutinho was born. Brazilian cartoonist.

1952 - António Oliveira was born. Portuguese football player, coach and director.

1953 - John Edwards was born. U.S. Senator

1956 - 1956 Summer Olympics: Equestrian events open in Stockholm, Sweden.

1956 - In Argentina loyalists smashed a Peronist revolt. 26 rebels were executed.

1957 - Lindsay Hoyle was born. British politician

1958 - Angelina Weld Grimke dies (b. 1880). Amercan journalist and poet.

1959 - Carlo Ancelotti was born. Itaian football coach

1959 - Eliot Spitzer was born. American politician

1959 - Zoltán Meskó dies (b. 1883). Hungarian Nazi.

1960 - Balakrishna Nandamuri was born. Indian actor, Son of actor and politician N. T. Rama Rao

1960 - Maxi Priest was born. American musician.

1961 - Kim Deal was born. American musician (Pixies), (The Breeders)

1961 - Kelley Deal was born. American musician (The Breeders)

1962 - Brent Sutter was born. Canadian ice hockey player

1962 - Gina Gershon was born. American actress

1962 - Koma Wong Ka-Kui was born (d. 1993). Hong Kong musician (Beyond)

1962 - Vincent Perez was born. Swiss actor

1962 - Akie Abe was born. Current First Lady of Japan

1963 - Jeanne Tripplehorn was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. American actress.

1964 - Jimmy Chamberlin was born. Musician.

1965 - Vietnam War: Battle of Dong Xoai begins.

1965 - Elizabeth Hurley was born. British actress

1967 - Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.

1967 - Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1967 - Spencer Tracy dies (b. 1900). American actor.

1968 - Jimmy Shea was born. American skeleton racer

1971 - Joel Hailey aka JoJo, was born. R&B singer

1971 - Michael Rennie dies (b. 1909). English actor.

1973 - Faith Evans was born. R&B singer

1973 - Paul Getty III, grandson of billionaire J. Paul Getty, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy.

1973 - William Inge dies (b. 1913). American playwright.

1973 - Erich von Manstein dies (b. 1887). German military commander.

1974 - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester dies (b. 1900) .

1974 - Eurico Gaspar Dutra dies. President of Brazil.

1976 - Adolph Zukor dies (b. 1873). Hungarian-born producer.

1976 - Freddy Garcia was born. Baseball pitcher

1977 - Apple Computer ships its first Apple II personal computer. a

1977 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is recaptured on June 13).

1978 - Costa Rica becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.

1979 - Joaquim Paço d'Arcos dies. Portuguese writer.

1980 - The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.

1980 - Percy Wood, president of United Airlines, is injured by an exploding package sent by the Unabomber.

1980 - Francelino Matuzalem was born. Brazilian footballer.

1980 - Jessica Di Cicco was born. American actress.

1981 - Hoku was born. American singer and actress.

1981 - Prince Hashim bin Al Hussein, of Jordan was born.

1982 - Addie "Micki" Harris dies (b. 1940). Singer (Shirelles).

1982 - Rainer Werner Fassbinder dies (b. 1945). Author, movie director.

1982 - Princess Madeleine of Sweden was born.

1982 - Tara Lipinski was born. Figure skater.

1982 - Leelee Sobieski (Liliane Rudabet Gloria Elsveta Sobieski), was born. Actress ( Charlie Grace, Deep Impact, Joan of Arc [TV: 1999], Eyes Wide Shut, Squelch) .

1985 -The Israeli army pulled out of Lebanon after 1,099 days of occupation.

1985 - Mário Soares, Rui Machete and Ernâni Lopes, for Portugal, signed the Treaty of Accession of Portugal to Economic European Comunity.

1985 - Kristina Lundberg was born. Swedish ice hockey player.

1985 - Vasilis Torosidis was born. Greek footballer.

1986 - Merle Miller dies (b. 1919). American novelist and biographer.

1987 - Amobi Okoye was born. Nigeria-born American football player

1987 - Elizabeth Hartman dies (b. 1943). American actress.

1988 - Louis L'Amour dies in Los Angeles (b. 1908). American author, western novelist.

1990 - Alberto Fujimori was elected president of Peru by a narrow margin over novelist Mario Vargas Llosa.

1991 - In what was dubbed "The Mother of All Parades," New York City hosts a parade welcoming back troops from Operation Desert Storm.

1991 - Vercors dies (b. 1902). French writer.

1992 - U.S. Army Sgt. Zak Hernández dies (b. 1973).

1993 - Les Dawson dies (b. 1933). English comedian.

1993 - Arleen Auger dies. American soprano

1994 - Alice Cruz dies. Portuguese television presenter.

1996 - Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without Sinn Féin.

1996 - Drive-By Truckers form in Athens, Georgia.

1996 - George Hees dies (b. 1910). Canadian politician.

1996 - Jo Van Fleet dies (b. 1914). American actress.

1997 - Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen's family members before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold.

1997 - The former Black Panther Elmer 'Geronimo' Pratt, convicted for the killing of a white schoolmistress in 1972, was released from prison in the USA due to new evidence.

1998 - World Cup in footbal is opened in France.

1998 - Hammond Innes dies (b. 1914). English author.

1998 - Jim Hearn dies (b. 1921). American baseball player.

1999 - Kosovo War: NATO suspends its air strikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.

2000 - Hafez al-Assad the “Lion of Damascus” dies (b. 1930). President of of Syria.

2000 - Arambam Somorendra dies (b. 1936). Playwright and social work.

2000 - Brian Statham dies (b. 1930).English cricketer.

2001 - In Italy Silvio Berlusconi, known as Il Cavaliere, became premier for a 2nd time and formed his Cabinet. He promised a 100-day revolution to transform the economy.

2001 - Pope John Paul II canonized Lebanon's first female saint Saint Rafqa

2001 - Princess Leila of Iran dies (b. 1970).

2001 - Mike Mentzer dies (b. 1951). American bodybuilder.

2002 - First direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans carried out by Kevin Warwick in the United Kingdom.

2002 - John Gotti dies (b. 1940). American mafia boss.

2003 - The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission.

2003 - Donald Regan dies (b. 1918). Chief of Staff and U.S. Treasury Secretary

2003 - Dr Phil Williams dies (b. 1939) Welsh politician and scientist.

2003 - Bernard Williams dies (b. 1929). English philosopher.

2004 - Lino de Carvalho dies. Portuguese politician.

2004 - Ray Charles dies (b. 1930). American singer and musician.

2005 - Curtis Pitts dies (b. 1915). American aircraft designer.