Nothingandall: On this day in History

0028 - The Roman Emperor Nerva names Trajan, an army general, as his successor.
0814 - Charlemagne dies (b. 742).
1061 - Duke Spytihněv II of Bohemia dies (b. 1031).
1077 - Walk to Canossa: The excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is lifted.
1225 - Saint Thomas Aquinas was born (d. 1274).
1271 - Isabella of Aragon dies (b. 1247). Queen of Philip III of France.
1312 - Queen Joan II of Navarre was born (d. 1349).
1443 - Robert le Maçon dies. Chancellor of France.
1457 - King Henry VII of England was born (d. 1509).
1521 - The Diet of Worms begins, lasting until May 25.
1540 - Ludolph van Ceulen was born (d. 1610). German mathematician.
1547 - King Henry VIII of England dies (b. 1491). His nine year old son Edward VI becomes King, and the first Protestant ruler of England.
1573 - Articles of Warsaw Confederation are signed, sanctioning religious freedom in Poland.
1754 - Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the word serendipity.
1582 - John Barclay was born (d. 1621). Scottish writer.
1596 - Sir Francis Drake dies, explorer, soldier (b. ca. 1540).
1599 - Cristofano Malvezzi dies (b. 1547). Italian composer.
1600 - Pope Clement IX was born (d. 1669).
1608 - Giovanni Alfonso Borelli was born (d. 1679). Italian physiologist and physicist.
1611 - Johannes Hevelius was born (d. 1687). Astronomer.
1613 - Thomas Bodley dies (b. 1545). English diplomat and library founder.
1621 - Pope Paul V dies (b. 1550).
1622 - Adrien Auzout was born (d. 1691). French astronomer.
1624 - Sir Thomas Warner founds the first British colony in the Caribbean, on Saint Kitts.
1672 - Pierre Séguier dies (b. 1588). Chancellor of France.
1681 - Richard Allestree dies (b. 1619). English royalist churchman.
1687 - Johannes Hevelius dies (b. 1611). Polish astronomer.
1693 - Anna Ivanovna was born. Tsarina of Russia.
1693 - Sóror Violante do Céu dies in Lisbon (b. 30 May 1607). Portuguese nun and poet.
1697 - John Fenwick dies. English conspirator.
1701 - Charles Marie de La Condamine was born (d. 1774). French mathematician and geographer.
1706 - John Baskerville was born. English printer, inventor of the "hot-pressing" method.
1712 - Tokugawa Ieshige was born (d. 1761). Japanese shogun.
1717 - Mustafa III was born (d. 1774). Ottoman Sultan.
1719 - Johann Elias Schlegel was born (d. 1749). German critic and poet.
1724 - The Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in St. Petersburg by Peter the Great, and implemented in the Senate decree. It was called St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences until 1917.
1725 (O.S.) - Tsar Peter I of Russia dies (b. 1672).

1754 - Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the word serendipity.

1754 - Ludvig Holberg dies (b. 1684). Norwegian historian and writer.

1755 - Samuel Thomas von Sömmering was born (d. 1830). German physician.

1757 - Ahmed Shah, the first King of Afghanistan, occupies Delhi and annexes the Punjab.

1760 - Pownal, Vermont created by Benning Wentworth as one of the New Hampshire Grants.

1784 - George Hamilton Gordon Aberdeen was born (d. 1860). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1788 - The first penal colony is founded at Botany Bay, Australia.

1792 - Rebellious slaves in Santo Domingo launch an attack on the city of Cap.

1800 - António Feliciano de Castilho was born (d. 1875). Portuguese writer.

1808 - D. João VI, assina na Bahia, o Decreto de Abertura dos Portos à Nações Amigas, que colocava fim ao pacto colonial entre Portugal e Brasil. A “Abertura dos Portos” suspendeu os séculos de monopólio comercial português, uma das bases do chamado Pacto Colonial.

1813 - Pride and Prejudice is first published in the United Kingdom.

1818 - George S. Boutwell was born (d. 1905). 20th Governor of Massachusetts.
1820 - Russian expedition led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev discovered the Antarctic continent approaching the Antarctic coast.

1822 - Alexander Mackenzie was born (d. 1892). Second Prime Minister of Canada.

1823 - Abdicación de Bernardo O'Higgins al cargo de Director Supremo de Chile.

1832 - Augustin Daniel Belliard dies (b. 1769). French general.

1833 - Charles George 'Chinese' Gordon was born (d. 1885). British soldier and administrator.

1840 - Real orden por la que se crea en La Habana el Archivo General de la Real Hacienda, fundamento del Archivo Nacional de la República de Cuba.

1841 - Henry Morton Stanley was born (d. 1904). Welsh-born explorer and journalist.

1846 - Battle of Aliwal, India won by British troops commanded by Sir Harry Smith.

1853 - José Martí was born (d. 1895). Cuban revolutionary.

1855 - The first locomotive runs from the Atlantic to the Pacific on the Panama Railway.

1855 - William Seward Burroughs was born (d. 1898). Inventor of the calculator.

1856 - Bank of Spain is founded.

1859 - Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich dies (b. 1782). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

1863 - Ernst William Christmas was born (d. 1918). Australian painter.

1864 - Charles W. Nash was born (d. 1948). Co-founder of Nash Motors, which would become American Motors as well as co-founder of Buick.

1864 - Herbert Akroyd Stuart was born (d. 1927). English engineer - inventor of the first compression ignition engine.

1864 - Émile Clapeyron dies (b. 1799). French engineer and physicist.

1865 - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg was born (d. 1952). First president of Finland.

1865 - Lala Lajpat Rai was born (d. 1928). Indian freedom fighter.

1867 - Vicente Blasco Ibáñez was born. Spanish novelist.

1871 - Franco-Prussian War: Siege of Paris ends in French defeat and an armistice.

1873 - Colette was born (d. 1954). French writer.

1874 - Vsevolod Meyerhold was born (d. 1940). Russian theatre director.

1878 - The Yale News becomes the first daily, college newspaper in the United States.

1879 - Francis Picabia was born (d. 1953). French-born painter and poet.

1880 - Herbert Strudwick was born (d. 1970). English cricketer.

1884 - Auguste Piccard was born (d. 1962). Swiss physicist.

1886 - Hidetsugu Yagi was born (d. 1976). Japanese electrical engineer.

1886 - José Linhares was born. 23th President of Brazil (29 Oct 1945 - 31 Jan 1946).

1886 - Marthe Bibesco was born (d. 1973). Romanian writer.

1887 - In a snowstorm at Fort Keogh, Montana, USA, the world's largest snowflakes are reported, being 15 inches (38cm) wide and 8 inches (20cm) thick.

1887 - Se pone la primera piedra de la Torre Eiffel.

1887 - Artur Rubinstein was born (d. 1982). Polish pianist and conductor.

1890 - Robert Stroud was born (d. 1963). American convict, the Birdman of Alcatraz.

1891 - Bill Doak was born (d. 1954). American baseball player.

1892 - Ernst Lubitsch was born (d. 1947). German-borm film director.

1894 - Fidela Campiña Ontiveros was born in Tijola (Almeria). Spanish opera singer.

1897 - Valentin Kataev was born (d. 1986). Russian writer.

1898 - Roberto Ivens dies (b. 12 Jun1850). Portuguese soldier and explorer.

1899 - Elias Simojoki was born (d. 1940). Finnish clergyman and politician.

1900 - Alice Neel was born (d. 1984). American artist.

1900 - Heinrich Kesten was born (d. 1996). Author.

1902 - The Carnegie Institution is founded in Washington, DC with a $10 million gift from Andrew Carnegie.

1903 - Aleksander Kamiński was born. Polish writer.

1903 - Augusta Holmès dies (b. 1847). French composer.

1904 - Canuplin was born (d. 1979). Filipino magician and bodabil entertainer.

1908 - Se inicia en Portugal un movimiento revolucionario controlado tres días después.

1908 - Paul Misraki was born (d. 1998). French composer and songwriter.

1909 - United States troops leave Cuba after being there since the Spanish-American War.

1910 - Arnold Moss was born (d. 1989). American actor.

1910 - John Banner was born (d. 1973). Austrian actor.

1912 - Jackson Pollock was born (d. 1956). American painter, initiator of Dripping painting

1912 - Gustave de Molinari dies (b. 1819). Belgian economist.

1913 - Segismundo Moret dies. Spanish politician.

1915 - An act of the U.S. Congress creates the United States Coast Guard to fight contraband trade and aid distressed vessels at sea.

1915 - The German navy attacks the U.S. freighter William P. Frye, loaded with wheat for Britain.

1915 - Nikolay Umov dies (b. 1846). Russian physicist.

1916 - Louis D. Brandeis becomes the first Jew appointed to the United States Supreme Court.

1916 - Vergílio Ferreira was born. Portuguese writer / Vergílio Ferreira nasceu neste dia, em Melo, concelho de Gouveia (Serra da Estrela), (O Caminho Fica Longe, Onde Tudo Foi Morrendo, Vagão «J», Mudança, Nitido Nulo, Em nome da Terra, Manhã Submersa, etc). «Há os livros que antes de lidos já estão lidos. «Há os que se lêem todos e ficam logo lidos todos. E há os que nos regateiam a leitura e a que pedimos humildemente que se deixem ler todos e não deixam e vão largando uma parte de si pelas gerações e jamais se deixam ler de uma vez para sempre.» (Vergílio Ferreira) .

1917 - United States ends search for Pancho Villa.

1917 - Municipally owned streetcars take to the streets of San Francisco.

1918 - Finnish Civil War: Social democrats and communists seized control of the capital, Helsinki, and members of the Senate of Finland went underground.

1918 - Castro Gonzaga was born (d. 2007). Brazilian actor.

1918 - Harry Corbett was born (d. 1989). English puppeteer (Sooty).

1918 - Trevor Skeet was born (d. 2004). Zealand-born British politician.

1918 - John McCrae dies (b. 1872). Canadian poet.

1919 - Francis Gabreski was born (d. 2002). American fighter pilot.

1920 - Se funda en España la Legión.

1921 - A symbolic Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was installed beneath the Arc de Triomphe in Paris to honour the unknown dead of World War I.

1921 - Albert Einstein startles Berlin by suggesting the possibility of measuring the universe.

1922 - Knickerbocker Storm, Washington DC's biggest snowfall, causes Washington DC's greatest loss of life when the roof of the Knickerbocker Theater collapses.

1922 - Robert W. Holley was born (d. 11 Feb 1993). American biochemist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 with Marshall Warren Nirenberg and Har Gobind Khorana.

1923 - Ivo Robić was born (d. 2001). Croatian singer, Mister Morgen

1924 - Teófilo Braga dies in Lisbon (b. in Ponta Delgada, 24 Feb 1843). President of Portugal (29 Mai 1915 - 05 Aug 1915), writer and essayst.

1927 - Hiroshi Teshigahara was born (d. 2001). Japanese film director.

1927 - Ronnie Scott was born (d. 1996). British jazz tenor saxophonist and jazz club owner.

1928 - Vicente Blasco Ibáñez dies. Spanish writer.

1929 - Acker Bilk was born. English jazz clarinetist.

1929 - Claes Oldenbourg was born. Swedish-born artist.

1931 - Lucía Bosé was born. Italian actress.

1932 - Japanese forces attack Shanghai.

1933 - The name Pakistan is coined by Choudhary Rehmat Ali Khan and by a group of Cambridge University Students and is accepted by the Indian Muslims who then thereby adopted it further for the Pakistan Movement of the formal Indian Independence Act 1947 during World War II

1933 - Jack Hill was born. American film director.

1934 - The first ski tow in America begins operation in Vermont.

1934 - Juan Manuel Bordeu was born (d. 1990). Argentine racing driver.

1934 - Mitr Chaibancha was born (d. 1970). Thai actor.

1935 - Iceland becomes the first country to legalize abortion.

1935 - David Lodge was born. English author.

1935 - Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov dies (b. 1859). Russian composer.

1936 - A fellow prison inmate slashes infamous kidnapper, Richard Loeb, to death.

1936 - Alan Alda was born. American actor, writer, and director.

1936 - Ismail Kadare was born. Albanian writer.

1937 - Anastasios Metaxas dies (b. 1862). Greek architect and shooter.

1938 - The World Land Speed Record on a public road is broken by driver Rudolf Caracciola in the Mercedes-Benz W195.

1938 - Leonid Zhabotinsky was born. Russian weightlifter

1938 - Bernd Rosemeyer dies (b. 1909). German race car driver.

1939 - John M. Fabian was born. NASA astronaut.

1939 - William Butler Yeats dies (b. 1865). Irish writer, Nobel Prize Laureate in 1923.

1940 - Carlos Slim Helú was born. Mexican businessman.

1941 - French-Thai War: Final air battle of the conflict. Japanese-mediated armistice goes into effect later in the day.

1941 - French General Charles DeGaulle's Free French forces sack south Libya oasis.

1941 - Joel Crothers was born (d. 1985). American actor.

1942 - Five power stations are blown up by pro-Axis saboteurs in an attempt to destabilise the Rand gold mines.

1943 - Dick Taylor was born. English musician (The Rolling Stones and The Pretty Things).

1943 - Paul Henderson was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1944 - John Tavener was born. English composer.

1944 - Susan Howard was born. American actress.

1945 - Chiang Kai-shek renames the Ledo-Burma Road the Stilwell Road, in honor of General Joseph Stilwell.

1945 - World War II: Supplies begin to reach China over the newly reopened Burma Road.

1945 - John Perkins was born. American author and activist.

1945 - Marthe Keller was born in Basel. Swiss actress.

1945 - Robert Wyatt was born. English musician.

1945 - Filinto de Almeida dies in Rio de Janeiro (b. 4 Dec 1957 in Porto). Portuguese poet.

1946 - Bluenose, Canada's greatest sailing ship, founders on a Haitian reef.

1947 - Fernando Carvalho Rodrigues was born in Casal de Cinza, Guarda. Portuguese physicist (PoSAT-1).

1947 - Hans Aumeier dies executed (b. 1906). German Nazi official and concentration camp commandant.

1947 - Jeanne Shaheen was born. American politician.

1947 - Reynaldo Hahn dies (b. 1875). French composer.

1947 - Therese Brandl dies executed (b. 1902). Nazi concentration camp guard.

1948 - Charles Taylor was born. President of Liberia.

1948 - Mikhail Baryshnikov was born. Russian dancer .

1948 - Charles Taylor was born. Former leader of Liberia.

1948 - Arthur Liebehenschel dies (b. 1901). Commandant at Auschwitz concentration camp.

1949 - Los miembros de la Comunidad Europea crean el Consejo de Europa.

1949 - Gregg Popovich was born. NBA Basketball Coach.

1949 - Jean-Pierre Wimille dies (b. 1908). French race car driver.

1950 - A Assembléia Francesa ratifica um acordo no qual o Vietnã, Cambodjia, e Laos tornam-se estados independentes dentro da União Francesa.

1950 - Barbi Benton was born. American actress.

1950 - Bob Hay was born. American songwriter and musician.

1950 - David C. Hilmers was born. NASA astronaut.

1950 - Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifah was born. King of Bahrain.

1950 - Nikolai Luzin dies (b. 1883). Russian mathematician.

1951 - Brian Bilbray was born. American politician.

1951 - Leonid Kadeniuk was born. Ukrainian cosmonaut.

1951 - Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim dies (b. 1867). President of Finland.

1952 - Cándido Méndez was born. UGT General- Secretary.

1953 - Derek Bentley (b. 1933) is hanged for a murder carried out by Christopher Craig.

1953 - Chris Carter was born. English musician (Throbbing Gristle, Chris & Cosey).

1953 - Colin Campbell was born. Canadian ice hockey player and executive.

1953 - James Scullin dies (b. 1876). 9th Prime Minister of Australia.

1954 - Rick Warren was born. American pastor and author.

1955 -The U.S. Congress passes a bill allowing mobilization of troops if China should attack Taiwan.

1955 - Fundación de la Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española.

1955 - Nicolas Sarkozy was born. President of France.

1957 - Frank Skinner was born. English comedian.

1957 - Mark Napier was born. National Hockey League player.

1958 - Charles Starkweather and Caril Ann Fugate begin their murder spree with the killings of her parents and infant sister.

1958 - The Lego company patented their design of Lego bricks, still compatible with bricks produced today.

1959 - Burkhard Dallwitz was born. German-born composer.

1959 - Dave Sharp was born. Welsh guitarist (The Alarm).

1959 - Randi Rhodes was born. American personality.

1959 - Frank Darabont was born. American filmmaker.

1959 - Walter Beall dies (b. 1899). American baseball player.

1960 - Robert von Dassanowsky was born. American cultural historian, writer, producer.

1960 - Maitê Proença was born. Brazilian actress.

1960 - Zora Neale Hurston dies (b. 1891). American author.

1961 - Normand Rochefort was born. Canadian ice hockey player.

1962 - Creflo Dollar was born. American televangelist.

1962 - Keith Hamilton Cobb was born. American actor.

1962 - Sam Phillips was born. American singer.

1963 - António Filipe was born. Portuguese politician.

1963 - Dan Spitz was born. American musician, guitarist for Anthrax.

1963 - Gustave Garrigou dies (b. 1884). French cyclist.

1964 - The Soviets down a U.S. jet over East Germany killing three.

1965 - Lynda Boyd was born. American actress.

1965 - Tich Freeman dies (b. 1888). English cricketer.

1965 - Maxime Weygand dies (b. 1867). French soldier.

1967 - Jan Lamb was born. Hong Kong disc jockey & stand-up comedian.

1968 - DJ Muggs was born. American musician (Cypress Hill).

1968 - Rakim, born William Michael Griffin Jr., American rapper

1968 - Sarah McLachlan was born. Canadian singer and songwriter.

1968 - DJ Muggs was born. American musician (Cypress Hill).

1968 - Rakim was born. American rapper.

1969 - Kathryn Morris was born. American actress.

1969 - Linda Sanchez was born. American politician.

1969 - Mo Rocca was born. American writer and comedian.

1970 - Israeli fighter jets attack the suburbs of Cairo.

1971 - Anthony Hamilton was born. American soul singer.

1971 - Donald Winnicott dies (b. 1896). British psychoanalyst.

1972 - Nicky Southall was born. English footballer.

1973 - Barnaby Jones premieres on CBS.

1973 - John Banner dies (b. 1910). Austrian actor.

1974 - Tony Delk was born. American basketball player.

1974 - Jason Dancisin was born. Graphic designer.

1974 - Jermaine Dye was born. Baseball player.

1974 - Magglio Ordóñez was born. Venezuelan baseball player.

1974 - Tony Delk was born. American basketball player.

1975 - Anne Montminy was born. Quebec olympic diver.

1975 - David Zingler was born. American writer.

1975 - Junior Spivey was born. American baseball player.

1975 - Lee Latchford-Evans was born. English singer.

1975 - Susana Feitor was born. Portuguese race walker.

1975 - Terri Colombino was born. American actress.

1975 - Ola Raknes dies (b. 1887). Norwegian psychoanalyst and philologist.

1976 - Emiko Kado was born (d. 1999). Japanese professional wrestler.

1976 - Jarrod Montague was born. American drummer (Taproot).

1976 - Lee Ingleby was born. British actor.

1976 - Mark Madsen was born. American basketball player.

1976 - Miltiadis Sapanis was born. Greek footballer.

1977 - Daunte Culpepper was born. American football player.

1977 - Joey Fatone was born. American singer (*NSYNC).

1977 - Lyle Overbay was born. American baseball player.

1977 - Matt DeVries was born. American guitarist (Chimaira).

1977 - Takuma Sato was born. Japanese Formula One driver.

1977 - Freddie Prinze dies (b. 1954). Actor.

1978 - Gianluigi Buffon was born. Italian football player (goalkeeper).

1978 - Jamie Carragher was born. English footballer.

1978 - Papa Bouba Diop was born. Senegalese footballer.

1979 - Pixie was born. English model.

1979 - Ali Boulala was born. Swedish skateboarder.

1979 - Eileen Shanahan dies (b. 1901). Irish poet.

1980 - USCGC Blackthorn (WLB-391) collides with the tanker Capricorn while leaving Tampa Bay Florida and capsizes; killing 23 Coast Guard crewmembers.

1980 - Jesse James Hollywood was born. American drug dealer and fugitive.

1980 - Nick Carter was born. American singer (Backstreet Boys).

1981 - Ronald Reagan lifts remaining domestic petroleum price and allocation controls in the United States helping to end the 1979 energy crisis and begin the 1980s oil glut.

1981 - Elijah Wood was born. American actor.

1981 - Rick Razzano was born. American football player.

1982 - US Army general James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian anti-terrorism forces after 42 days of captivity under the Red Brigades.

1983 - Billy Fury dies (b. 1940). British singer.

1983 - Frank Forde dies (b. 1890). Fifteenth Prime Minister of Australia.

1984 - Andre Iguodala was born. American basketball player.

1984 - Stephen Gostkowski was born. American football player.

1985 - Supergroup USA for Africa (United Support of Artists for Africa) records the hit single We Are the World, to help raise funds for Ethiopian famine relief. /45 dos melhores músicos e compositores do mundo são convidados para produzir o álbum “USA for África”. O objetivo foi arrecadar fundos para aliviar a fome na Etiópia. A principal música gravada “We Are the World” chegou ao topo das paradas nos Estados Unidos e incluiu a participação de Michael Jackson, Kenny Rogers, Sting, Diana Ross, Paul Simon e Cyndi Lauper, dentre outros.

1985 - Arnold Mvuemba was born. French footballer.

1986 - Space Shuttle Challenger explodes just after takeoff killing all seven astronauts onboard: Francis R. Scobee (b. 1939), Michael J. Smith (b. 1945), Judith Resnik (b. 1949), Ellison Onizuka (b. 1946), Ronald McNair (b. 1950), Greg Jarvis (b. 1944), Christa McAuliffe (b. 1948) .

1986 - Alexis Texas was born. Porn star.

1986 - Jessica Ennis was born. English heptathlete.

1986 - Shruti Haasan was born. Indian actress.

1986 - Christa McAuliffe dies (b. 1948). Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 - Ellison Onizuka dies (b. 1946). Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 - Francis R. Scobee dies (b. 1939). Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 - Greg Jarvis dies (b. 1944). Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 - Judith Resnik dies (b. 1949). Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 - Michael J. Smith dies (b. 1945). Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger.

1986 - Ronald McNair dies (b. 1950). Crew of Space Shuttle Challenger.

1988 - Henry Mortensen was born. American actor.

1988 - Klaus Fuchs dies (b. 1911). German physicist.

1990 - Super Bowl XXIV: The San Francisco 49ers are crowned "Team of the 1980s" by defeating the Denver Broncos, 55-10.

1991 - Red Grange dies (b. 1903). American football player.

1993 - Troops in Zaire run riot, killing the French Ambassador.

1994 - The first trial of accused murderer Lyle Menendez ends in a mistrial. He and his brother Erik are later found guilty and sentenced to life in prison without parole.

1994 - O cristão democrata Giovanni Goria é o segundo primeiro-ministro da Itália a ser acusado de corrupção e julgado por um tribunal nacional.

1994 - Mechislav Grib is elected President of Belarus.

1994 - Hal Smith dies (b. 1916). American actor.

1996 - Super Bowl XXX: The Dallas Cowboys win their fifth Super Bowl title by defeating the Pittsburgh Steelers, 27-17.

1996 - Burne Hogarth dies (b. 1911). American cartoonist.

1996 - Jerry Siegel dies (b. 1914). American cartoonist.

1996 - Joseph Brodsky dies (b. 1940). Russian-born poet, Nobel Prize Laureate.

1997 - Antonio Calado dies. Brazilian journalist and writer. / Falece o jornalista e escritor Antônio Callado. Um dos principais romancistas brasileiros do século 20, ele escreveu “Bar Don Juan”(1971), “Quarup”(1967), e “Reflexos do Baile”(1976).

1998 - Ford Motor Company announces the buyout of Volvo for $6.45 billion.

1998 - Gunmen hold at least 400 children and teachers hostage for several hours at an elementary school in Manila, Philippines.

1999 - The creation of Element 114 is announced by scientists.

1999 - Markey Robinson dies (b. 1918). Irish painter.

1999 - Torgny T:son Segerstedt dies (b. 1908). Swedish sociologist and philosopher.

2001 - Super Bowl XXXV: The Baltimore Ravens defeat the New York Giants, 34-7.

2001 - Curt Blefary dies (b. 1943). American baseball player.

2002 - TAME Flight 120, a Boeing 727-100 crashes in the Andes mountains in southern Colombia killing 92.

2002 - Astrid Lindgren dies (b. 1907). Swedish author.

2003 - Ariel Sharon is reelected Prime-Minister of Israel.

2003 - Cícero Dias dies (b. 1907). Brazilian painter.

2004 - September Dossier: Lord Hutton publishes his report into the death of UN weapons inspector Dr. David Kelly.