Nothingandall: On this day in History

49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon which signalled civil war.
0236 - Saint Fabian begins his reign as Catholic Pope .
0681 - Pope Agatho dies.
0976 - John I Tzimiskes dies (b. 0925). Greek Byzantine Emperor.
1072 - Robert Guiscard conquers Palermo.
1094 - Caliph Al-Mustansir of Cairo dies (b. 1029).
1259 - São Gonçalo de Amarante dies (b. 1187). Portuguese eclesiast.
1276 - Pope Gregory X [Tedaldo Visconti] dies (b. c. 1210).
1475 - Stephen III of Moldavia defeats the Ottoman Empire at the Battle of Vaslui.
1480 - Margaret of Austria was born (d. 1530). Regent of the Netherlands.
1538 - Louis of Nassau was born (d. 1574). Dutch general.
1573 - Simon Marius was born (d. 1624). German astronomer.
1607 - Isaac Jogues was born (d. 1646). French Jesuit missionary.
1628 - George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham was born (d. 1687). English statesman.
1638 - Nicolas Steno was born (d. 1686). Danish geologist.
1644 - Louis François, duc de Boufflers was born (d. 1711). French marshal.
1645 - William Laud dies (b. 1573). Archbishop of Canterbury.
1654 - Joshua Barnes was born (d. 1712). English scholar.
1654 - Nicholas Culpeper dies (b. 1616). English botanist, herbalist, physician, and astrologer.
1662 - Prince Honoré II of Monaco dies (b. 1597).
1681 - João Batista Vieira dies. Insurreição Pernambucana heroe.
1683 - Gasparo Visconti was born. Composer.
1698 - Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont dies (b. 1637). French historian.
1702 - Johannes Zick was born (d. 1762). German fresco painter.
1707 - Philibert, comte de Gramont dies (b. 1621). French writer.
1715 - Christian August Crusius was born (d. 1775). German philosopher and theologian.

1721 - Johann Philipp Baratier was born (d. 1740). German scholar.

1729 - Lazzaro Spallanzani was born (d. 1799). Italian biologist.

1738 - Ethan Allen was born (d. 1789). American Revolution military leader.

1754 - Edward Cave dies (b. 1691). English editor and publisher.

1761 - Edward Boscawen dies (b. 1711). British admiral.

1769 - Michel Ney was born (d. 1815). French marshal.

1775 - Yemelyan Pugachev dies. Russian rebel

1776 -Thomas Paine's Common Sense, which greatly influenced the authors of the Declaration of Independence, was published.

1777 - Spranger Barry dies (b. 1719). Irish actor.

1778 - Carolus Linnaeus dies (born 23 May 1707) Swedish botanist and explorer who was the first to frame principles for defining genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them.

1794 - Georg Forster was born (d. 1754). German scientist and revolutionary.

1797 - Annette von Droste-Hülshoff was born (d. 1848). German writer.

1806 - Dutch in Cape Town surrender to the British.

1808 - Pelas 11 horas da manhã, a frota que levava a corte para o Brasil, cruza a linha do Equador. D. Maria I e o Príncipe Regente tornavam-se os primeiros monarcas europeus a passar para o hemisfério austral.

1809 - Caiena, capital da Guiana francesa, a Norte do Brasil, é conquistada pelo exército português. A capitulação foi assinada no dia 12.

1810 - Marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled.

1810 - Jeremiah S. Black was born (d. 1883). American statesman.

1811 - African-American slaves in Louisiana rebel in two parishes.

1811 - Marie-Joseph Chénier dies (b. 1764). French poet.

1812 - Georg Hermann Nicolai was born (d. 1881). German architect.

1815 - Sir John Alexander Macdonald was born (d. 1891). First Prime Minister of Canada.

1824 - Victor Emmanuel I dies (b. 1764). King of Sardinia (1802-21).

1828 - Herman Koeckemann was born (d. 1892). German Catholic prelate.

1828 - François de Neufchâteau dies (b. 1750). French statesman and intellectual figure.

1833 - Adrien-Marie Legendre dies (b. 1752). French mathematician.

1836 - Charles Ingalls was born (d. 1902). Father of Laura Ingalls Wilder

1840 - Louis Nazaire Bégin was born (d. 1925). French Canadian archbishop and cardinal.

1843 - Frank James was born (d. 1915). American outlaw.

1849 - Francisco Ferrer Guardia was born (d. 1909). Spanish free-thinker.

1850 - John Wellborn Root was born. American architect.

1851 - Karl Freiherr von Müffling dies (b. 1775). Prussian field marshal.

1855 - Mary Russell Mitford dies (b. 1787). English novelist and dramatist.

1858 - Heinrich Zille was born (d. 1929). German illustrator and photographer.

1861 - American Civil War: Florida secedes from the Union.

1862 - Samuel Colt dies (b. 1814). American inventor.

1863 - The London Underground, the world's oldest underground railway, opens between London Paddington station and Farringdon station.

1863 - Lyman Beecher dies (b. 1775). US Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader.

1864 - Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich of Russia was born (d. 1931). Son of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich.

1865 - Alfredo Ferreira Lage was born (d. 1944). Brazilian lawyer, photographer and journalist.

1865 - Mary Ingalls was born (d. 1928). Elder sister of Laura Ingalls Wilder.

1866 - Pyotr Pletnyov dies (b. 1792). Russian poet.

1869 - Grigori Rasputin was born (d. 1916). Russian monk.

1870 - John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil.

1873 - George Orton was born (d. 1958). Canadian athlete.

1873 - Jack O'Neill was born (d. 1935). Irish-born baseball player.

1875 - Partido Socialista Português (Portuguese Socialist Party) is founded.

1877 - Se establece en España el servicio militar obligatorio (cuatro años de servicio activo y cuatro en la reserva).

1878 - A. Sargent, senador dos Estados Unidos da América pelo estado da Califórnia, apresentou uma proposta de Emenda Constitucional, dando o direito de voto às mulheres. A Emenda só foi aprovada em 1920.

1880 - Manuel Azaña was born. Spanish politician, writer and President of II Republic.

1883 - Francis X. Bushman was born (d. 1966). American actor.

1883 - Aleksei Nikolaevich Tolstoi was born (d. 1945). Russian writer.

1883 - Dr Samuel A. Mudd dies (b. 1833). American medical doctor.

1887 - José Américo de Almeida was born (d. 1980). Brazilian politician and writer, member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (Academia Brasileira de Letras).

1887 - Robinson Jeffers was born (d. 1962). American poet.

1889 - Ivory Coast declared a protectorate of France.

1890 - Pope Leo XIII publishes encyclical Sapientiae Christianae

1890 - Grigory Landsberg was born (d. 1957). Russian physicist.

1893 - Vicente Huidobro was born (d. 1948). Chilean poet.

1895 - Benjamin Godard dies (b. 1849). French composer.

1899 - Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity is founded.

1901 - The first great Texas gusher, oil discovered at Spindletop in Beaumont, Texas.

1901 - Sir James Dickson duies (b. 1832). Premier of Queensland, Australian Minister for Defence.

1903 - Barbara Hepworth was born (d. 1975). British sculptor.

1903 - Voldemar Väli was born (d. 1997). Estonian wrestler, Olympic medalist.

1903 - Violet Wilkey was born (d. 1976). American actress.

1904 - Ray Bolger was born (d. 1987). American actor/dancer.

1904 - Lamartine Babo was born. Brazilian composer.

1904 - Jean-Léon Gérôme dies (b. 1824). French painter and sculptor.

1905 - Kārlis Baumanis dies (b. 1835). Latvian composer.

1905 - Nise da Silveira was born in Maceió (d. 1999). Brazilian psychiatrist.

1908 - Paul Henreid was born (d. 1993). Austrian actor.

1908 - Bernard Lee was born (d. 1981). British actor.

1909 - Dalcídio Jurandir Ramos Pereira was born in Ponta de Pedras, Marajó, Pará (d. 16 Jun 1979). Brazilian writer.

1910 - Galina Ulanova was born in S.Petersburgo (d. 1998). Russian ballerina (Bolshoi).

1912 - O primeiro hidroavião, inventado por Glenn Curtiss, realizou o seu primeiro vôo em Hammondsport, no estado americano de Nova Iorque.

1912 - Maria Mandel was born (d. 1948). Camp leader at Auschwitz.

1913 - Gustáv Husák was born (d. 1991). President of Czechoslovakia.

1913 - Mehmet Shehu was born (d. 1981). Albanian politician.

1914 - Yu Kuo-hwa was born (d. 2000). Former Premier of Taiwan.

1916 - Sune Bergström was born (d. 2004). Swedish biochemist who shared the 1982 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, (with Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson and John Robert Vane) for the isolation, identification, and analysis of prostaglandins and related biologically active substances.

1916 - Don Metz was born. Canadian hockey player.

1917 - Jerry Wexler was born. American record producer.

1917 - William F. Cody dies (b. 1846). American frontiersman.

1918 - Arthur Chung was born. President of Guyana.

1920 - League of Nations holds its first meeting and ratifies the Treaty of Versailles ending World War I.

1920 - Max Patkin was born (d. 1999). American baseball player.

1920 - Georges Marchal was born (d. 1997). French actor.

1921 - Rodger Ward was born (d. 2004). American race car driver.

1922 - Arthur Griffith is elected President of the Irish Free State.

1922 - Frank Tudor dies (b. 1866). Australian Labor Opposition leader.

1923 - Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel.

1924 - Eduardo Chillida was born (d. 2002). Spanish sculptor.

1924 - Ludmilla Chiriaeff was born (d. 1996). Canadian ballet dancer, choregrapher and director (Les Grands Ballets Canadiens).

1924 - Max Roach was born (d. 16 Aug. 2007). American percussionist, drummer, and composer.

1925 - António Sardinha dies in Elvas (b. 1888 in Monforte). Portuguese poet.

1926 - Júlio Pomar was born in Lisbon. Portuguese painter and designer (Estação do Alto de Moinhos (Lisboa)

1926 - Musallam Bseiso, Palestinian journalist, thinker, and politician.

1927 - The film Metropolis by Fritz Lang premiers.

1927 - Gisele MacKenzie was born (d. 2003). Canadian singer.

1927 - Johnnie Ray was born (d. 1990). American singer.

1927 - Otto Stich was born. Swiss politician.

1928 - Soviet Union orders exile of Leon Trotsky.

1928 - Philip Levine was born. American poet.

1929 - Tintin, a comic book character created by Hergé, makes his debut. He went on to be published in over 200 million comic books in 40 languages.

1930 - Roy Edward Disney was born. American film executive.

1931 - Peter Barnes was born (d. 2004). English writer.

1932 - Elaine Devry was born. American actress.

1933 - Anton Rodgers was born (d. 2007). British actor.

1934 - Leonid Kravchuk was born. Ukrainian politician.

1934 - Marinus van der Lubbe dies (b. 1909). Dutch communist accused of setting the Reichstag fire.

1935 - Ronnie Hawkins was born. American musician.

1935 - Sherrill Milnes was born. American baritone.

1935 - Edwin Flack dies (b. 1873). Australian athlete, first Olympic champion.

1936 - Acácio Barradas was born. Portuguese journalist.

1936 - Stephen Ambrose was born (d. 2002). American historian.

1936 - Robert Wilson was born. American physicist and radio astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate.

1937 - Thomas Penfield Jackson was born. American judge.

1938 - Donald Knuth was born. American mathematician and computer scientist.

1938 - Josef Koudelka was born. Czech photographer.

1938 - Frank Mahovlich was born. National Hockey League player and Canadian Senator

1938 - Willie McCovey was born. American baseball player.

1939 - Bill Toomey was born. American athlete.

1939 - David Horowitz was born. American author and political commentator.

1939 - Jared Carter was born. American poet.

1939 - Sal Mineo was born (d. 1976). American actor.

1939 - Scott McKenzie was born. American singer.

1939 - William Levy was born. Dutch writer.

1940 - Guy Chevrette was born. Quebec politician.

1940 - Ntare VI of Ankole was born. Omugabe of Nkole.

1940 - Yesudas was born. Indian playback singer and classical musician.

1941 - Lend-Lease is introduced into the U.S. Congress.

1941 - World War II: The Greek army captures Kleisoura.

1941 - Frank Bridge dies (b. 1879). English composer.

1941 - Sir John Lavery dies (b. 1856). Northern Irish artist.

1941 - Joe Penner dies (b. 1904). Hungarian-born comedian and actor.

1942 - Mickey Rooney, actor, got married with an younger actress until then not well known, Ava Gardner/ O actor Mickey Rooney de 21 anos casa com uma jovem atriz de 19 anos, até então pouco conhecida, chamada Ava Gardner.

1942 - Walter Hill was born. American film director.

1943 - Jim Croce was born (d. 1973). American singer.

1943 - Agustin P Justo y Rolon President of Argentina (1931-38), dies at 66 .

1944 - Frank Sinatra, Jr. was born in Jersey City, NJ. American singe and bandleader (Golddigers).

1944 - Bernard Derome was born. French Canadian news presenter (Le Téléjournal).

1944 - Rory Byrne was born. South African racing car designer.

1944 - William Sanderson was born. American actor.

1945 - Edward Wiskoski was born. American professional wrestler.

1945 - Jennifer Moss was born (d. 2006). English actress.

1945 - John Fahey was born. Australian politician.

1945 - Rod Stewart was born. Scottish singer.

1946 - First General Assembly of the United Nations with 51 countries represented.

1946 - The first General Assembly of the United Nations convened in London.

1946 - Aynsley Dunbar was born. British drummer.

1947 - Stanford University reported the isolation of the polio virus.

1947 - Afeni Shakur was born. Mother of Tupac "2Pac" Shakur, member of the Black Panther Party.

1948 - Bernard Thévenet was born. French cyclist.

1948 - Donald Fagen was born. American keyboardist, singer and songwriter (Steely Dan).

1948 - Mischa Maisky was born. Latvian cellist.

1948 - Teresa Graves was born (d. 2002). American actress and singer.

1948 - William Sanderson was born. American actor.

1949 - George Foreman was born. American boxer.

1949 - James Lapine was born. American stage director.

1949 - Linda Lovelace was born (d. 2002). American pornographic film actress.

1949 - Erich von Drygalski dies (b. 1865). German geographer, geophysicist, and polar scientist.

1950 - Roy Blunt was born. American politician, House minority whip.

1951 - Paul DiMaggio was born. American educator.

1951 - Sinclair Lewis dies (b. 1885). American writer, Nobel Prize laureate.

1951 - Yoshio Nishina dies (b. 1890). Japanese physicist.

1952 - Scott Thurston was born. American musician, songwriter.

1953 - Bobby Rahal was born. American race car driver.

1953 - Dennis Cooper was born. American author

1953 - Pat Benatar was born. American singer

1955 - Michael Schenker was born. German guitarist (UFO).

1956 - Antonio Muñoz Molina was born. Spanish writer.

1956 - Shawn Colvin was born. American singer.

1957 - Gabriela Mistral dies (b. 1889). Chilean writer, Nobel Prize for Literature in 1945.

1957 - Harold Macmillan becomes the prime minister of the United Kingdom.

1957 - Greg Walden was born. American politician.

1958 - Shawn Colvin was born. Folk singer.

1958 - Anatoly Pisarenko was born. Soviet weightlifter.

1959 - Simon Sunatori was born. Canadian inventor.

1959 - Fran Walsh was born. New Zealand screenwriter.

1960 - Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser lays the foundation stone of the Aswan High Dam, Egypt.

1960 - Benoît Pelletier was born. Quebec politician.

1960 - Brian Cowen was born. Taoiseach of Ireland.

1960 - Samira Said was born. Moroccan singer.

1960 - Jack Laviolette dies (b. 1879). Canadian ice hockey player.

1961 - Evan Handler was born. American actor.

1961 - Janet Jones was born. American actress, wife of Wayne Gretzky.

1961 - Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg was born. Italian-American violinist.

1961 - Dashiell Hammett dies (b. 1894). American writer.

1962 - Apollo Project: NASA announces plans to build the C-5 rocket booster. It became better known as the Saturn V moon rocket, which launched every Apollo moon mission.

1962 - Eruptions on Mount Huascaran in Peru destroy 7 villages & kill 3,500.

1962 - Michael Fortier was born. Canadian politician.

1963 - Mark Pryor was born. American politician.

1964 - Panama severs diplomatic relations with US.

1964 - Brad Roberts was born. Canadian singer (Crash Test Dummies).

1965 - Sirr al-Khatim al-Khalifa, the Sudanese prime minister, admits to providing aid to Congolese rebels.

1965 - Zetti (Armelino Donizte Quagliato) was born. Brazilian football player (goalkeeper)

1965 - Butch Hartman was born. American animator.

1966 - Steve Kramer was born. American politician.

1967 - The first African-American senator elected by popular vote, Edward Brooke of Massachusetts, took his seat.

1967 - Johan Laats was born. Belgian judoka.

1968 - Basil Sydney dies (b. 1894). English actor.

1969 - Sweden (1st Western country) recognizes North Vietnam.

1969 - After 147 years, the last issue of the Saturday Evening Post is published.

1969 - John Brownlee dies (b. 1900). Australian tenor.

1970 - Alisa Maric was born. Serbian-American chess grandmaster.

1970 - Marcus Bagwell was born. American professional wrestler.

1970 - Pavel Belyayev dies (b. 1925). Soviet cosmonaut.

1971 - Sergi Bruguera was born. Italian tennis star.

1971 - Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel dies (b. 1883) . French fashion designer.

1972 - Mujibur Rahman assume o cargo de primeiro chefe de governo do novo Estado independente de Bangladesh.

1972 - Thomas Alsgaard was born. Norwegian cross-country skier.

1972 - Brian Lawler was born. American professional wrestler.

1972 - Thomas Alsgaard was born. Norwegian cross-country skier.

1972 - Aksel Larsen dies (b. 1897). Danish politician.

1973 - El cineasta español Luis Buñuel, galardonado en Hollywood con el premio al mejor filme extranjero por "El discreto encanto de la burguesía".

1973 - Glenn Robinson was born. American basketball player.

1973 - Ryan Drummond was born. American voice actor

1974 - Akari Kaida was born. Japanese composer.

1974 - Davide Dionigi was born. Italian footballer.

1974 - Hrithik Roshan was born. Indian actor.

1974 - Jemaine Clement was born. New Zealand actor.

1974 - Steve Marlet was born. French footballer.

1975 - Ugandan diplomat Bernadette Olowo is the first female ambassador to the Vatican.

1975 - Jake Delhomme was born. American football player.

1976 - Adam Kennedy was born. Americvan baseball player.

1976 - Howlin' Wolf dies (b. 1910). American musician.

1977 - Lord Alexander R. Todd died (born 2 Oct 1907) Baron Alexander Robertus Todd (of Trumpington) was a British biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.

1978 - Brent Smith was born. American singer (Shinedown).

1978 - Gavin McCann was born. English football player.

1978 - Don Gillis dies (b. 1912). American composer.

1978 - Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal dies assassinated in Mnagua (b. 1924). Nicaraguan journalist, director and owner of La Prensa.

1980 - Janelle Pierzina was born. American television personality.

1980 - Matt Roney was born. American baseball player.

1980 - Sarah Shahi was born. American actress and model.

1980 - Bo Rein dies (b. 1945). American college football coach.

1980 - George Meany dies (b. 1894). American labor leader.

1980 - Hughie Critz dies (b. 1900). Baseball player.

1981 - Brian Joo was born. Korean-American singer.

1981 - Katherine Alexander dies (b. 1898). American actress.

1981 - Fawn M. Brodie dies (b. 1915). American historian.

1981 - Richard Boon dies (b. 1917). American actor.

1982 - The Catch - Dwight Clark of the San Francisco 49ers makes a leaping catch from Joe Montana with 58 seconds to play to defeat the Dallas Cowboys 28-27 in the NFC Championship Game at Candlestick Park.

1982 - The lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2°C was recorded at Braemar in Aberdeenshire. This equaled the record set in the same place on February 11, 1895. The record would be equalled again at Altnaharra on December 30, 1995

1982 - Josh Ryan Evans was born (d. 2002). American actor.

1982 - Paul Lynde dies (b. 1926). American comedian.

1983 - Danilo Dirani was born. Brazilian racing driver.

1983 - Li Nina was born. Chinese aerial free-style skier.

1984 - Bulgarian Tupolev 134 crashs at Sofia airport in Bulgaria, 50 die.

1984 - The U.S. and the Vatican reestablished diplomatic relations after a 117-year break

1984 - Suvanna Phuma dies at 82. Premier of Laos.

1984 - Argentine ex-president General Bignone arrested.

1984 - Souvanna Phouma dies (b. 1901). Prince and Prime Minister of Laos.

1985 - Daniel Ortega Saavedra inaugurated as President of Nicaragua.

1985 - Anton Karas dies (b. 1906). Austrian zither player and composer.

1986 - Abigail Clancy was born. English model.

1986 - Saleisha Stowers was born. American model.

1986 - Jaroslav Seifert dies (b. 1901). Czech writer, Nobel Prize laureate.

1987 - Sir David Robinson dies (b. 1904). British philanthropist and entrepreneur.

1987 - Marion Hutton dies (b. 1919). American singer and actress.

1989 - Cuban troops begin withdrawing from Angola.

1989 - Kyle Reimers was born. Australian rules footballer.

1989 - Colin Winchester dies (b. 1933). Australian Assistant Police Commissioner, murdered.

1989 - Herbert Morrison dies (b. 1905). American radio reporter.

1989 - Valentin Petrovich Glushko dies (b. 20 Aug 1908). Soviet rocket scientist who was a pioneer developer of rocket engines (1946-74).

1990 - Time Warner is formed from the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications Inc.

1990 - Tao Li was born. Singaporean swimmer.

1992 - 29,000 bath toys owned by the American company First Days Inc. are washed overboard in the Pacific Ocean.

1992 - Roberto Bonomi dies (b. 1919). Argentine racing driver.

1994 - Lorena Bobbitt goes on trial for severing the penis of her husband John (Manassas, Virginia).

1995 - The World Youth Day was held in the Philippines.

1995 - El Rey de España, Juan Carlos I y el ex presidente de Estados Unidos, Jimmy Carter obtienen el Premio de la Paz de la UNESCO.

1995 - Kathleen Tynan dies (b. 1937). Canadian-British journalist, author and screenwriter.

1997 - Right-winger Arnoldo Aleman sworn in as President of Nicaragua

1997 - Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd dies (b. 1907). Scottish chemist, Nobel laureate.

1997 - Elspeth Huxley dies (b. 1907). British journalist and writer.

1997 - Sheldon Leonard dies (b. 1907). American producer, actor, and director.

1999 - The Sopranos airs its pilot episode on HBO.

1999 - A large piece of the chalk cliff at Beachy Head collapsed into the sea.

1999 - Sir Edward Williams dies (b. 1921). Australian judge.

2000 - America Online announces an agreement to buy Time Warner for $162 billion, the largest corporate merger in history.

2000 - Sam Jaffe dies (b. 1901). American producer.

2001 - Wikipedia starts as part of Nupedia. It becomes a separate site five days later.

2002 - W.A. Criswell dies (b. 1909). American (Baptist) preacher.

2003 - North Korea announced that it was withdrawing from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

2003 - Jose Maria Gutierrez dies of a heart attack at age 69.Argentinean actor/writer/director was nominated for the Palm d’Or for Best short film in 1969 for "El Triunfo de la Muerte." Mr. Gutierrez appeared in over thirty films and directed another six.

2004 - Sidney Miller died of Parkinson's Disease at age 87; Actor/director/composer he appeared in over 100 films and directed a number of television shows.

2004 - Alexandra Ripley dies of natural causes at age 71. Ms. Ripley was chosen by the estate of Margaret Mitchell to write "Scarlett," a sequel to "Gone With the Wind." Ms. Ripley specialized in writing historical novels.

2004 - Spalding Gray dies (b. 1941). American actor and screenwriter.

2005 - A mudslide occurred in La Conchita, CA killing 10 people, injuring many more and closing the Highway 101, the main coastal corridor between San Francisco and Los Angeles, for 10 days.

2005 - Eyre Peninsula Bushfire in South Australia kills nine and injures 113.

2005 - Erwin Hillier dies (b. 1911). British cinematographer.

2005 - Gene Baylos dies (b. 1906). American comedian.

2005 - Jack Horner dies (b. 1912). American sports journalist.

2005 - James Forman dies (b. 1928). American civil rights leader.

2005 - Joséphine-Charlotte dies (b. 1927). Grandduchess of Luxembourg.

2005 - Kalevi Hämäläinen dies (b. 1932). Finnish cross country skier.

2005 - Margherita Carosio dies (b. 1908). Italian soprano.

2005 - Metropolitan Wasyly Fedak dies (b. 1909). Primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada.

2007 - Carlo Ponti dies (b. 1912). Italian film producer.

2007 - Bradford Washburn was born (b. 1910). American explorer.

2008 - Islamic New Year, 1 محرم (Muharram) 1429 AH; starts after sunset.