On this day in History - Oct. 19

• 202 BC - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
• 0439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
• 0727 - Saint Frideswide dies.
• 1187 - Pope Urban III dies.
• 1216 - King John of England (1199-1216) dies at Newark at age 49. He signed the Magna Carta and was excommunicated in 1209. King John was succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
• 1276 - Prince Hisaaki was born (d. 1328). Japanese shogun.
• 1432 - John de Mowbray dies (b. 1392). 2nd Duke of Norfolk. English politician.
• 1433 - Marsilio Ficino was born (d. 1499). Italian philosopher.
• 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
• 1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ended with the Second Treaty of Toruń. Gdansk Pomerania and Prussia as a whole was incorporated into Poland; The Teutonic Knights were allowed to rule its eastern part as Polish vassals.
• 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon wedded Isabella of Castile, a marriage that paved the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
• 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology [Doctor in Biblia].
• 1545 - Giovanni Ancina was borm. Italian composer.
• 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot was born (d. 1633). Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich was born (d. 1591). Tsarevich.
• 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici dies (b. 1541). Grand Duke of Tuscany.
• 1605 - Thomas Browne was born (d. 1682). English writer.
• 1608 - Martin Delrio dies (b. 1551). Flemish theologian and occultist.
• 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde was born (d. 1688). English statesman and soldier.
• 1636 - Marcin Kazanowski dies. Polish politician.
• 1649 - New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
• 1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was born (d. 1704).
• 1676 - Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses was born (d. Oct 1733). Portuguese noble, 1st Marquis of Abrantes.
• 1680 - John Abernethy was born (d. 1740). Irish Protestant minister.
• 1682 - Thomas Browne dies (b. 1605). English writer.
• 1688 - William Cheselden was born (d. 1752). English surgeon and anatomist.
• 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie was born (d. 1804). Marshal of France.
• 1720 - John Woolman was born (d. 1772). American Quaker preacher and abolitionist.
• 1721 - Joseph de Guignes was born (d. 1800). French orientalist.
• 1722 - French C. Hopffer patented the fire extinguisher.
• 1723 - Godfrey Kneller dies (b. 1646). German-born painter.
• 1745 - Jonathan Swift dies (b. 1667). Irish clergyman and writer (Gulliver's Travels).
• 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco-American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War.
• 1784 - John McLoughlin was born (d. 1857). Canadian fur trader.
• 1788 - Bento Gonçalves é baptizado (terá nascido antes em 23 Sep 1788) (d. 18 Jul 1847). Líder da revolução Farroupilha.
• 1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.
• 1790 - Lyman Hall dies (b. 1724). American signer of the Declaration of Independence.
• 1810 - Cassius Marcellus Clay was born (d. 1903). American abolitionist.
• 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
• 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
• 1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski dies (b. 1673). Polish prince and Marshal of France.
• 1822 - In Parnaíba city, Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva, Domingos Dias declares the Independence of State of Piauí.
• 1833 - Adam Lindsay Gordon was born in Faial, Azores (d. 1870). Australian poet (Sea Spray and Smoke Drift 1867, Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes 1870).
• 1851 - Marie Thérèse Charlotte dies (b. 1778). La Princesse Royale or Madame Royale, was the eldest child of King Louis XVI and his Austrian wife, Queen Marie Antoinette.
• 1858 - George Albert Boulenger was born (d. 1937). Belgian naturalist.
• 1862 - Auguste Lumière was born (d. 10 Apr 1954). French inventor. With his brother Louis, invented and pioneered the manufacturing of photographic equipment. Their film La Sortie des ouvriers de l'usine Lumière ("Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory"), is considered the first motion picture.
• 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
• 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
• 1868 - A 'Peseta' é estabelecida como moeda espanhola.
• 1871 - Walter Bradford Cannon was born (d. 1 Oct 1945). American neurologist and physiologist who was the first to use X-rays in physiological studies.
• 1872 - World's largest gold nugget Holtermann's Nugget. The slab (215 kg) was found in New South Wales, Australia.
• 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
• 1873 - Jaap Eden was born (d. 1925). Dutch skater and cyclist.
• 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
• 1876 - Mordecai Brown was born (d. 1945). American baseball player.
• 1882 - Umberto Boccioni was born (d. 1916). Italian painter and sculptor.
• 1885 - Charles Merrill was born (d. 1956). American investment banker.
• 1889 - Miguel Angel Asturias was born. Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize in 1967.
• 1889 - King Louis of Portugal (1861-1889) dies (b. 1838). His son D. Carlos is crowned.
• 1890 - Emile Léonard Mathieu dies. French mathematicien.
• 1894 - Carlos Holguín Mallarino dies. President of Colombia (1888-1892).
• 1895 - Lewis Mumford was born (d. 1990). American historian.
• 1896 - Bob O'Farrell was born (d. 1988). Baseball player.
• 1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui was born (d. 1994). Pakistani scientist and scholar.
• 1897 - George Pullman dies (b. 1831). American inventor and industrialist.
• 1899 - Miguel Angel Asturias was born (d. 1974). Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate in 1967.
• 1900 - Bill Ponsford was born (d. 1991). Australian cricketer.
• 1900 - Roy Worters was born. (d. 1957). Canadian ice hockey goaltender.
• 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen dies (b. 1829). Danish financier and industrialist.
• 1904 - Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
• 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn was born (d. 1962). American bandleader.
• 1908 - Geirr Tveitt was born. Norwegian composer.
• 1909 - Cozy Cole was born (d. 1981). American jazz drummer.
• 1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was born (d. 1995). Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (with William A.Fowler) for formulating the currently accepted theory on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars.
• 1910 - Jean Genet was born (d. 1986). French author.
• 1910 - Paul Robert was born (d. 1980). French lexicographer and publisher.
• 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes was born (d. 1980). Brazilian poet and songwriter (A Garota de Ipanema).
• 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1914 - Julio A. Roca dies. President of Argentina (1880-1886).
• 1915 - US recognized General Venustiano Carranza (opposing Pancho Villa) as the president of Mexico, and imposed an embargo on the shipment of arms to all Mexican territories except those controlled by Carranza.
• 1916 - Emil Gilels was born (d. 1994). Ukrainian pianist.
• 1916 - Jean-Baptiste Gabriel-Joachim Dausset was born. French hematologist and immunologist whose studies of the genetic basis of the immunological reaction earned him a share (with George Snell and Baruj Benacerraf) of the 1980 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
• 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
• 1918 - Harold Lockwood dies (b. 1887). American actor.
• 1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup. / Portugal: Movimento revolucionário radical - A Noite Sangrenta - contra o governo de António Granjo, que acaba por assassinar o presidente do governo assim como Machado Santos, Carlos da Maia e outros dirigentes históricos republicanos.
• 1921 - António Manuel Maria Coelho, militar, assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro de Portugal (até 5 Nov 1921).
• 1922 - Alfredo Dias Gomes was born in Salvador, Bahia (d. 18 May 1999). Brazilian novelist and dramatist.
• 1922 - Jack Anderson was born (d. 2005). American journalist.
• 1926 - Arne Bendiksen was born. Norwegian singer and songwriter.
• 1926 - Joel Feinberg was born (d. 2004). American moral philosopher.
• 1926 - Russian Politburo threw out Leon Trotsky and his followers.
• 1929 - Raúl Solnado was born. Portuguese actor and humourist.
• 1931 - John le Carré was born. English novelist “The Spy Who Came in from the Cold”.
• 1931 - Rubens de Falco was born in São Paulo. Brazilian actor.
• 1932 - Robert Reed was born (d. 1992). American actor.
• 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1933 - Dom Geraldo Majella Agnelo nasce em Juiz de Fora-MG. Cardeal da Igreja Católica.
• 1934 - Glória Menezes was born in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Brazilian actress.
• 1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
• 1936 - Lu Xun dies (b. 1881). Chinese writer.
• 1936 - Álvaro Guerra was born (d. 18 Apr 2002). Portuguese writer and journalist.
• 1936 - Johnnetta Cole was born. Anthropologist and educator who was the first African-American woman president of Spelman College, in Atlanta, the oldest, private, liberal arts college for black women in the U.S. (1988).
• 1937 - Ernest Rutherford dies (b. 1871). 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.
• 1937 - Marilyn Bell was born. Canadian long distance swimmer.
• 1937 - Peter Max was born. American artist.
• 1940 - Michael Gambon was born. Irish actor.
• 1941 - Simon Ward was born. British actor.
• 1941 - Carlos Malheiro Dias dies in Lisbon (b. 1875). Portuguese writer.
• 1942 - Andrew Vachss was born. American author and attorney.
• 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
• 1943 - Camille Claudel dies (b. 1864). French sculptor.
• 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
• 1944 - Peter Tosh was born. Jamaican musician.
• 1944 - George McCrae was born. American soul singer.
• 1945 - Jeannie C. Riley was born. American country and gospel singer.
• 1945 - Divine was born ( d. 1988). American actor.
• 1945 - John Lithgow was born. American actor.
• 1945 - Plutarco Elías Calles dies (b. 1877). President of México (1924-1928).
• 1946 - Philip Pullman was born.English writer.
• 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano was born. Comics artist and illustrator.
• 1948 - Pat Simmons was born. American musician (The Doobie Brothers).
• 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay dies (b. 1892). American poet.
• 1950 - United Nations forces entered the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
• 1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
• 1951 - Patricia Ireland was born. President of the National Organization for Women.
• 1952 - John Bamford, aged 15, rescues victims of a house fire and becomes the youngest person to have been awarded the George Cross.
• 1953 - Arthur Godfrey fires Julius LaRosa live on American national TV.
• 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu.
• 1956 - Carlo Urbani was born (d. 2003). Italian physician.
• 1956 - Isham Jones dies (b. 1894). American musician.
• 1956 - Dario Pereyra was born. Uruguayan football (soccer) player.
• 1957 - Ray Richmond was born. Entertainment/media columnist.
• 1958 - Stirling Moss (Vanwall team) wins Aintree Grand Prix.
• 1959 - Maria Ângela Alvim dies (b. 1 Jan. 1926). Brazilian poet.
• 1960 - The United States government decides to place an embargo on Communist Cuba.
• 1960 - Mauretania gains independence from France.
• 1960 - Jonathan FeBland was born. English musician, writer and artist.
• 1960 - George Wallace dies (b. 1895). Australian vaudevillian and film comedian.
• 1961 - Sergio Osmeña dies (b. 9 Set 1878). President of Philipines (1944-1946).
• 1962 - Evander Holyfield was born. American boxer.
• 1963 - Cláudio Carneiro dies (b. in Porto on 27 Jan 1895). Portuguese composer.
• 1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales was born.Cuban-born American boxer.
• 1965 - Ty Pennington was born. American television carpenter.
• 1966 - Jon Favreau was born. American actor, writer, director.
• 1967 - The Philadelphia Flyers play the first ever hockey game at the new Spectrum, defeating the Pittsburgh Penguins 1-0.
• 1968 - Helena Fernandes was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actress.
• 1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia for twelve years is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba. He is Bahi Ladgham, who would serve until 2 November 1970.
• 1969 - Denny Hulme (McLaren) wins Mexico City race.
• 1969 - Trey Parker was born. American cartoonist, comedian, writer, and actor.
• 1970 - Chris Kattan was born. American comedian and actor.
• 1970 - Lázaro Cardenas dies. President of Mexico and Minister of Defense.
• 1971 - Alberto Pirelli dies (b. 28 Apr 1882). Italian industrialist.
• 1972 - Keith Foulke was born. American baseball pitcher.
• 1972 - Pras was born. American musician.
• 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
• 1973 - Walt Kelly dies (b. 1913). American cartoonist.
• 1974 - Niue becomes independent from New Zealand.
• 1976 - The Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is placed on the List of Endangered Species.
• 1976 - Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon.
• 1976 - Michael Young was born. Baseball player.
• 1976 - Dan Smith was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1976 - Desmond Harrington was born. American actor.
• 1977 - Louis-José Houde was born. Québec stand-up comic.
• 1978 - Morte de 917 pessoas em Joneston, na Guiana, num suicídio colectivo liderado pelo fanático Jin Jones.
• 1978 - Enrique Bernoldi was born. Brazilian Formula One driver.
• 1978 - Zakhar Dubenskiy was born. Russian footballer.
• 1979 - Virgilio Piñera Llera dies. Cuban poet.
• 1980 - José Bautista was born. Baseball player.
• 1980 - Benjamin Salisbury was born. American actor.
• 1981 - Lindsey E. Vuolo was born in Princeton, New Jersey. Playboy Playmate of the Month November 2001 (see erotic photo).
• 1981 - Heikki Kovalainen was born. Finnish Formula One driver.
• 1982 - John De Lorean is arrested for trafficking in cocaine.
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop dies (b. 1944). Prime Minister of Grenada.
• 1984 - No Porto, estreia do filme de António Pedro Vasconcelos O Lugar do Morto, que conta com a participação de Ana Zanatti e do jornalista Pedro de Oliveira.
• 1985 - The first Blockbuster Video store opens in Dallas, Texas.
• 1985 - Nigel Mansell (Williams) wins in Kyalami.
• 1985 - Alfred Rouleau dies (b. 1915). French Canadian businessman.
• 1986 - Dele Giwa dies. Nigerian journalist.
• 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (1975-1986) and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
• 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
• 1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%.
• 1987 - Em Paris, no Petit Palais, inauguração, por Mário Soares, da exposição de pintura e escultura oitocentista portuguesa.
• 1987 - Brett Simon was born. Young American executive.
• 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré dies (b. 1945). English cellist.
• 1987 - Hermann Lang dies (b. 1909). German race car driver.
• 1988 - Son House dies (b. 1902). American musician.
• 1988 - Three West Germans were named winners of the Nobel Prize in chemistry; three Americans received the Nobel Prize in physics.
• 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
• 1989 - The Spanish writer Camilo Jose Cela received the Nobel Prize for literature.
• 1990 - Janet Leon was born. Swedish singer (Play).
• 1991 - 7.0 Richter Scale earthquake in Northern Italy - 2000 dead.
• 1992 - Maurice le Roux dies (b. 6 Feb 1923). French conductor and composer (Contes immoraux).
• 1992 - Arthur Wint dies (b. 1920). Jamaican runner.
• 1993 - Benazir Bhutto was returned to the premiership of Pakistan.
• 1994 - Martha Raye dies (b. 1916). American comedienne and actress.
• 1994 - New Zealand's Goodnight Kiwi says good night for the last time.
• 1994 - A Palestinian suicide bomber killed 22 Israelis and wounded 48 in a bus explosion in the heart of Tel Aviv's shopping district. Hamas took responsibility.
• 1995 - Don Cherry dies (b. 1936). American jazz trumpet player.
• 1997 - Glen Buxton dies (b. 1947). American guitarist.
• 1997 - In Montenegro Milo Djukanovic beat pro-Milosevic incumbent Momir Bulatovic for the presidency.
• 1997 - Pilar Miro dies in madrid. Spanish film director. Her films included “Beltenebros,” “Gary Cooper Is in Heaven,” “Bird of Happiness,” “The Dog in the Manger,” and the 1979 expose “The Cuenca Crime.”
• 1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
• 1998 - Arlindo Chenda Pena dies. Angolan militar and nephew of Jonas Savimbi.
• 1998 - Joan Hickson dies. British actress.
• 1999 - Micronésia passa a ser membro da UNESCO.
• 1999 - In East Timor refugees were returning at the rate of 500 per hour and 17,000 were expected by the end of the day.
• 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute dies (b. 1900). Russian-born French writer.
• 1999 - James C. Murray dies (b.1917). American poltician.
• 2000 - In East Timor Jose Ramos-Horta, Nobel Peace laureate, was sworn in as the foreign minister.
• 2001 - SIEV-X sinks en route to Christmas Island.
• 2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• 2003 - David Blaine finally ended his 44-day endurance stunt of being sealed inside a transparent case suspended 30 feet in the air over Potters Fields Park, located in London.
• 2003 - Faith Fancher dies (b. 1950). American television journalist and activist.
• 2003 - Alija Izetbegovic dies in Sarajevo (b. 1925). President of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
• 2003 - Margaret Murie dies (b. 1902). American conservationist.
• 2003 - Michael Hegstrand dies (b. 1957). American professional wrestler.
• 2003 - In Chechnya Akhmad Kadyrov was inaugurated as president.
• 2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the Thai government on charges of corruption.
• 2004 - Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
• 2004 - Kenneth E. Iverson dies (b. 1920). Canadian computer scientist.
• 2005 - Dallas Cook dies (b. 1982). American musician (Suburban Legends).
• 2005 - GameFly begins shipping Shattered Union for the Xbox.
• 2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
• 2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
• 2005 - Busch Memorial Stadium is closed and destroyed.
• 2005 - Football: Porto beat Internazionale 2-0 for European Champions League.
• 2005 - The last Major League Baseball game is played at Busch Memorial Stadium.
• 2005 - Dallas Cook dies (b. 1982). American musician (Suburban Legends).
• 2005 - Corinne Lévesque dies (b. 1943). Wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque.
• 2006 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 12,000 mark for the first time.
• 2006 - James Glennon dies (b. 1942). American cinematographer.
• 2007 - Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati, which killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.
• 2007 - LaLa Brown dies (b. 1896). American singer.
  
• 2007 - Dr. Randall Forsberg dies (b. 1943). American nuclear freeze advocate.
• 2007 - Michael Maidens dies (b. 1987). English footballer with Hartlepool United.
• 2007 - Jan Wolkers dies (b. 1925). Dutch writer.
  
• Roman Empire - Armilustrium in honor of Mars.
• Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
• Mother Teresa Day in Albania.
• Brazil - Independence Day of State of Piauí.