On this day in History - Jul 25
- 0306 - Constantine I proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
- 1016 - Casimir I was born. Duke of Poland (d. c. 1058).
- 1109 - King Afonso Henriques of Portugal was born (d. 1185).
- 1139 - Battle of Ourique: The independence of Portugal from from the Kingdom of León and Castile declared after the battle against the Almoravids / Batalha de Ourique - D. Afonso Henriques combate uma coligação de reis Mouros e vence-os. O Exército português comemora o seu dia nesta data.
- 1261 - The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines also succeed in capturing Thessalonica and the rest of the Latin Empire.
- 1336 - Albert, Count of Holland was born (d. 1404).
- 1404 - Philip I, Duke of Brabant was born (d. 1430).
- 1409 - King Martin I of Sicily dies.
- 1415 - O rei D. João I de Portugal parte do rio Tejo para a conquista de Ceuta, no norte de África.
- 1421 - Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland was born (d. 1461). English politician.
- 1492 - Pope Innocent VIII dies (b. 1432).
- 1538- The City of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.
- 1562 - Kato Kiyomasa was born (d. 1611). Japanese daimyo and samurai.
- 1564 - Maximillian II became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1582 - Batalha naval em frente de Vila Franca do Campo, em S. Miguel, nos Açores, entre as forças navais castelhanas de D. Álvaro Bazán, marquês de Santa Cruz, e as franceses comandadas por Filipe Strozzi. Os castelhanos vencem obrigando D. António a refugiar-se na Terceira.
- 1603 - James VI of Scotland is crowned first king of Great Britain.
- 1616 - Andreas Libavius dies (b. 1550). German physician and chemist.
- 1643 - Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull dies (b. 1584). English statesman.
- 1653 - Agostino Steffani was born (d. 1728). Italian diplomat and composer.
- 1658 - Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll was born (d. 1703). Scottish privy councillor.
- 1676 - François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac deis (b. 1604). French writer.
- 1681 - Urian Oakes dies (b. 1631). English-born President of Harvard University.
- 1693 - Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, actual Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, México.
- 1722 - Three Years War begins along Maine and Massachusetts border.
- 1736 - Jean-Baptiste Joseph Pater dies (b. 29 Dec 1695). French painter and draftsman.
- 1750 - Henry Knox was born in Boston (d. 25 Oct 1806). American Revolutionary officer.
- 1755 - The decision to deport the Acadians takes place in Halifax, Thousands of Acadians are sent to the British Colonies in America, France and England. Some later moved to Louisiana, while others later resettled in New Brunswick.
- 1758 - Seven Years' War: The island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in Nova Scotia is silenced and all French warships are destroyed or taken.
- 1758 - D. Francisco Saldanha é nomeado Patriarca de Lisboa.
- 1759 - French and Indian War: In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
- 1790 - Johann Bernhard Basedow dies (b. 1723). German education reformer.
- 1790 - William Livingston dies (b. 1723). Governor of New Jersey.
- 1791 - Isaac Low dies (b. 1735). American Continental Congressman.
- 1792 - The Brunswick Manifesto is issued to the population of Paris promising vengeance if the French Royal Family is harmed.
- 1794 - André Chénier dies (b. 1762). French writer.
- 1795 - The first stone of the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct is laid.
- 1797 - Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife Island (Spain).
- 1799 - David Douglas was born (d. 1834). Botanist, plant collector, explorer.
- 1806 - Maria Weston Chapman was born (d. 12 Jul 1885). American abolitionist.
- 1806 - António Rodrigues Sampaio was born. Portuguese journalist and politician.
- 1812 - Os espanhóis reconquistam a Venezuela, que se tinha declarado independente. Dos dirigentes independentistas, Francisco Miranda foi preso morrendo em Cádis em 1816, e Simon Bolívar foge para a colónia holandesa de Curaçao.
- 1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
- 1814 - Stephenson's locomotive: George Stephenson demonstrated the first successful flanged-wheel adhesion steam locomotive in England
- 1814 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
- 1826 - Kondraty Fyodorovich Ryleyev dies (b. 1795). Russian poet and revolutionary.
- 1834 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge dies (b. 1772). English poet.
- 1837 - The first commercial use of an electric telegraph was successfully demonstrated by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone on 25 July 1837 between Euston and Camden Town in London.
- 1839 - Francis Garnier was born (d. 1873). French explorer.
- 1842 - Dominique Jean Larrey dies (b. 1766). French military surgeon in the service of Napoleon. Larrey was the first to note the contagiousness of trachoma (1802) and published the first description of trench foot (1812).
- 1843 - Charles Macintosh dies (b. 29 Dec 1766). Scottish chemist and inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.
- 1844 - Thomas Eakins was born in Philadelphia (d. 25 Jun 1916). American Realist painter, photographer, teacher (Self-Portrait 1902).
- 1848 - Arthur Balfour was born (d.19 Mar 1930). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. British statesman best remembered for issuing the British declaration of support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
- 1848 - Ottokar Kernstock was born (d. 1928). German poet.
- 1853 - David Belasco was born (d. 14 May 1931). American actor, playwright and producer.
- 1853 - Joaquin Murietta, famous Californio bandit known as "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed.
- 1857 - Frank Sprague was born (d. 1937). American engineer, inventor, and a pioneer in electric railway transportation.
- 1861 - American Civil War: The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution4 is passed by the U.S. Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
- 1861 - Andrew Cowper Lawson was born (d. 1952). Canadian-American geologist born in Anstruther, Fife, Scotland, who for 38 years, was professor of mineralogy and petrography at the University of California.
- 1861 - Jonas Furrer dies (b. 1805). Swiss Federal Councilo.
- 1866 - The U.S. Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army (now called "5-star general") Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank.
- 1867 - Alexander Rummler was born (d. 1959). American painter.
- 1867 - Max Dauthendey was born (d. 1918). German writer.
- 1868 - Wyoming becomes a United States territory.
- 1869 - The Japanese daimyō begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869).
- 1870 - Maxfield Parrish was born (d. 30 Mar 1966). American illustrator and designer.
- 1874 - Vasilyevich Lebedev was born (d. 2 May 1934). Russian chemist who developed a method for industrial production of synthetic rubber.
- 1883 - Alfredo Casella was born (d. 1947). Italian composer.
- 1884 - Davidson Black was born (d. 1934). Canadian physician and physical anthropologist who first postulated the existence of a distinct form of early man, popularly known as Peking man.
- 1886 - Bror von Blixen-Finecke was born (d. 1946). Swedish big-game hunter.
- 1887 - John Taylor dies (b. 1808). American religious leader.
- 1892 - Foundation of german football club Hertha BSC Berlin 1892.
- 1894 - The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.
- 1894 - Walter Brennan was born (d. 1974). American Academy Award-winning actor.
- 1894 - Gavrilo Princip was born (d. 1918). Serbian assassin.
- 1895 - Pierre Curie casa-se com sua colega de profissão, a química Marie Sklodowska. Os dois pesquisadores compartilham posteriormente o Prêmio Nobel de Física, em 1903, por seu trabalho sobre a radioatividade.
- 1895 - Yvonne Printemps was born (d. 1977). French actress and singer.
- 1896 - Jack Perrin was born (d. 1967). American actor.
- 1897 - Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories.
- 1898 - The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with U.S. troops landing at Guánica Bay.
- 1899 - Theodore August Heintzman dies. Piano manufacturer.
- 1901 - Lila Lee was born (d. 1973). American actress.
- 1902 - Eric Hoffer was born (d. 1983). American philosopher.
- 1902 - Olimpia is founded. Paraguayan Club of football.
- 1905 - Elias Canetti was born (d. 14 Aug 1994). Bulgarian writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
- 1905 - Denys Watkins-Pitchford was born (d.1990). Writer and illustrator.
- 1906 - Johnny Hodges was born (d. 11 May 1970). American jazz saxophonist.
- 1907 - Karl Höller was born (d. 1987). Composer.
- 1907 - Varlam Shalamov was born (d. 1982). Russian writer.
- 1908 - Ajinomoto is founded. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in Konbu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG) and patents a process for manufacturing it.
- 1908 - Bill Bowes was born (d. 1987). English cricketer.
- 1908 - Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer was born (d. 2003). Indian musician.
- 1909 - Louis Bleriot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine (Calais to Dover in 37 minutes).
- 1916 - Lucien Saulnier was born (d. 1989). Quebec politician.
- 1917 - Mata Hari, uma mulher que se tornou símbolo da espiã sedutora, é condenada a morte na França por espionar para a Alemanha. Nascida na Holanda, seu verdadeiro nome foi Margaretha Geertruida Zelle.
- 1917 - Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
- 1917 - Whipper Billy Watson was born (d. 1990). Canadian professional wrestler.
- 1918 - Jane Frank was born (d. 1986). American artist.
- 1920 - Telecommunications: first transatlantic two-way radio broadcast.
- 1920 - Rosalind Franklin was born (d. 1958). English scientist who contributed to the discovery of the molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), a constituent of chromosomes that serves to encode genetic information.
- 1920 - Jean Carmet was born (d. 1994). French actor.
- 1923 - Estelle Getty was born. American actress (neé Estelle Scher).
- 1923 - Maria Gripe was born (d. 2007). Swedish writer.
- 1925 - Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.
- 1926 - Whitey Lockman was born. American baseball player.
- 1927 - Sadiq Hussain Qureshi was born (d. 2000). Pakistani politician.
- 1927 - Daniel Ceccaldi was bon (d. 2003). French actor.
- 1928 - Keter Betts wasborn (d. 2005). American jazz bassist.
- 1929 - Somnath Chatterjee was born. Indian communist leader.
- 1929 - Eddie Mazur was born (d. 1995). Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1929 - Somnath Chatterjee was born. Indian politician.
- 1930 - Maureen Forrester was born. Canadian contralto.
- 1930 - Alice Parizeau was born (d. 1990). Polish-born Quebec writer and essayist.
- 1934 - João D' Ávila was born. Portuguese actor.
- 1934 - Don Ellis was born (d. 1978). American jazz trumpeter.
- 1934 - François Coty dies (b. 1874). French perfume manufacturer.
- 1934 - Engelbert Dollfuss dies assassinated (b. 1892). Chancellor of Austria.
- 1934 - Nestor Makhno dies (b.1889). Ukrainian anarchist.
- 1935 - Barbara Harris was born. American actress.
- 1935 - Lars Werner was born. Swedish communist leader.
- 1935 - Larry Sherry was born (d.2006). American baseball player.
- 1936 - Glenn Murcutt was born. Australian architect.
- 1936 - Gerry Ashmore was born. British racing driver.
- 1936 - Carlos da Mota Pinto was born. Portuguese professor and politician.
- 1937 - Colin Renfrew was born. English archeologist.
- 1937 - Edward Saunders dies. Agricultural scientist.
- 1939 - George, 2nd Earl Jellicoe first sat in Parliament.
- 1940 - General Guisan orders the Swiss Army to resist German invasion and make surrender illegal.
- 1940 - Herbert Calhoun Reed dies (b. 16 Oct 1873). American chemist who was noted internationally as an analytical and consulting chemist to the leather industry and allied trades.
- 1941 - Marco Lucioni was born. Italian painter.
- 1941 - Emmett Till was born (d. 1955). American murder victim.
- 1941 - Peter Suschitzky was born. Polish-British cinematographer.
- 1942 - Bruce Woodley was born. Australian singer, guitarist and songwriter (The Seekers).
- 1943 - World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by his own Italian Grand Council and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.
- 1943 - Jim McCarty was born. English musician.
- 1943 - Ieda Maria Vargas was born. Brazilian Miss Universe in 1963.
- 1944 - World War II: Operation Spring - One of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.
- 1944 - Ney Latorraca was born. Brazilian actor.
- 1946 - Operation Crossroads: In the first underwater test of the atomic bomb, the surplus USS Saraoga is sunk near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean when the United States detonates the "Baker Day" device.
- 1946 - At Club 500 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stage their first show as a comedy team.
- 1946 - Rita Marley was born. Jamaican-Cuban singer.
- 1948 - Peggy Fleming was born. American figure skater.
- 1951 - Verdine White was born. American bassist.
- 1952 - The U.S. non-incorporated colonial territory of Puerto Rico adopts a "constitution" of local-limited powers, approved by the United States Congress in contravention of then-current International Law.
- 1952 - Eduardo Souto de Moura was born. Portuguese architect.
- 1952 - Herbert Murrill dies (b. 1909). English composer.
- 1953 - The Cartoon Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century is released prehaps the most famous Merrie Melodies cartoon starring Duck Dodgers, Porky Pig, and Marvin The Martain.
- 1954 - Walter Payton was born (d. 1999). American football player.
- 1955 - Iman Abdulmajid was born. Somali model.
- 1955 - Kike Elomaa was born. Finnish bodybuilder.
- 1955 - Miguel Esteves Cardoso was born. Portuguese journalist and writer.
- 1956 - 45 miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria sinks after colliding with the SS Stockholm in heavy fog, killing 51.
- 1956 - The Italian liner Andrea Doria sank after colliding with the Swedish ship Stockholm off the New England coast, killing 51 people.
- 1958 - The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou.
- 1958 - Thurston Moore was born. American musician (Sonic Youth).
- 1958 - Harold Warner dies. American film studio founder.
- 1960 - Alain Robidoux was born. Canadian snooker player.
- 1962 - Thibaudeau Rinfret dies (b. 1879). Canadian jurist and Chief Justice.
- 1963 - Julian Hodgson was born. English chess player.
- 1963 - Nuclear treaty :In 1963, the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain initialed a treaty in Moscow prohibiting the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in space or underwater.
- 1963 - Denis Coderre was born. French Canadian politician.
- 1963 - Ugo Cerletti dies (b. 1877). Italian neurologist.
- 1965 - The electric Dylan controversy starts at the Newport Folk Festival.
- 1965 - Illeana Douglas was born. American actress.
- 1966 - Christine C. Quinn was born. American politician.
- 1966 - Lynda Lemay was born. French Canadian singer.
- 1966 - Maureen Herman was born. American bassist.
- 1967 - Wendy Raquel Robinson was born. American actress.
- 1967 - Tommy Skjerven was born. Norwegian football referee.
- 1967 - Matt LeBlanc was born. American actor.
- 1967 - Chuck Paugh was born. Record company owner
- 1969 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This was the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war.
- 1969 - Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix dies (b. 2 Dec 1891). German painter, printmaker, and watercolorist.
- 1971 - Roger Creager was born. American country music singer-songwriter.
- 1971 - Billy Wagner was born. American baseball player.
- 1971 - Leroy Robertson dies (b. 1896). American composer.
- 1973 - Dani Filth was born. British singer (Cradle of Filth).
- 1973 - Kevin Phillips was born. English footballer.
- 1973 - Michael C. Williams was born. American actor.
- 1973 - Louis Stephen St. Laurent dies (b. 1882). Twelfth Prime Minister of Canada.
- 1974 - Kenzo Suzuki was born. Japanese professional wrestler.
- 1976 - Tera Patrick was born. American pornographic actress.
- 1976 - Jovica Tasevski-Eternijan was born. Macedonian poet.
- 1976 - Javier Vázquez was born. Puerto Rican baseball player.
- 1977 - A supposed thunderbird is reported attacking a boy named Marlon Lowe.
- 1977 - Kenny Thomas was born. American basketball player.
- 1978 - The Cerro Maravilla Incident occurs.
- 1978 - Gerard Warren was born. American football player.
- 1978 - The first so-called test-tube baby, Louise Brown, is born.
- 1978 - Louise Brown was born. World's first test tube baby.
- 1978 - Gerard Warren was born. American football player.
- 1979 - Allister Carter was born. Professional snooker player.
- 1979 - Amy Adams was born. American Idol 3 contestant and singer.
- 1980 - Australian hard rock band AC/DC release the album Back in Black. This album goes on to be the 2nd best selling album in history.
- 1980 - Diam's was born. French female rapper.
- 1980 - Toni Vilander was born. Finnish racing driver.
- 1980 - Shawn Riggans was born. American baseball player.
- 1980 - Vladimir Vysotsky dies (b. 1938). Russian poet, singer and actor.
- 1981 - Rugby game in Hamilton, New Zealand during the 1981 Springbok Tour called off after anti-aparthied protesters invade pitch.
- 1981 - Jani Rita was born. Finnish ice hockey player.
- 1982 - Brad Renfro was born. American actor.
- 1982 - 37th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Janet Anderson.
- 1982 - Hal Foster dies (b. 1892). Canadian-American cartoonist (Prince Valiant).
- 1983 - Black July: 37 Tamil prisoners at the Welikada high security prison in Colombo were massacred by the fellow Sinhalese prisoners.
- 1984 - Salyut 7 Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk as she carried out more than three hours of experiments outside the orbiting space station "Salyut Seven".
- 1984 - Loukas Mavrokefalidis was born. Greek basketball player.
- 1984 - Big Mama Thornton dies (b. 1926). American singer.
- 1984 - Bryan Hextall dies (b. 1913). Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1985 - James Lafferty was born. American actor.
- 1985 - Jasmine Lennard was born. English model.
- 1985 - Nelson Angelo Piquet was born. Brazilian race car driver.
- 1986 - Vincente Minnelli dies in Los Angeles (b. 28 Fev 1903). American film director.
- 1987 - Michael Welch was born. American actor.
- 1987 - Charles Stark Draper dies (b. 2 Oct 1901). American aeronautical engineer, educator, and science administrator who earned degrees from Stanford, Harvard, and MIT then, in 1939, became head of MIT's Instrumentation Laboratory.
- 1988 - Heather Marks was born. Canadian model.
- 1988 - Anthony Stokes was born. Irish footballer.
- 1988 - Judith Barsi dies (b. 1978). American actress.
- 1989 - Noel Callahan was born. Canadian actor.
- 1989 - Steve Rubell dies. Owner of Night Club Studio 54.
- 1990 - Comedian Roseanne Barr grabs her crotch and spits on the ground when performing the U.S. national anthem at a San Diego Padres game.
- 1991 - A grande muralha da China é declarada Património Cultural da Humanidade pela Unesco.
- 1992 - 25th Olympic Summer games opens in Barcelona, Spain/ Início das Olimpíadas de Barcelona (Espanha).
- 1992 - Alfred Drake dies (b. 1914). American actor and singer.
- 1993 - Miguel Indurain wins his 3rd Tour de France.
- 1993 - 48th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Lauri Merten.
- 1993 - Vincent Joseph Schaefer dies (b. 4 Jul 1906). American chemist whose research in meteorology and weather control introduced cloud seeding.
- 1994 - Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration which formally ends the state of war that has existed between the nations since 1948.
- 1995 - A U.N. war crimes tribunal indicted Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic, army commander Gen. Ratko Mladic, and 22 other Serbs for war crimes.
- 1995 - Charlie Rich dies (b. 1932). American musician.
- 1996 - Howard Vernon dies (b. 1914). Swiss actor.
- 1997 - K.R. Narayanan is sworn-in as India's 10th president and the first member of the Dalits caste to hold this office.
- 1997 - Ben Hogan dies (b. 1912). American golfer.
- 1998 - The United States Navy commissions the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman and puts her into service.
- 1998 - Tal Farlow dies (b. 1921). American jazz guitar virtuoso.
- 1999 - Lance Armstrong wins his first Tour de France.
- 2000 - An Air France Concorde supersonic passenger jet crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 5 on the ground.
- 2002 - Abdur Rahman Badawi dis (b. 1917). Egyptian existentialist philosopher.
- 2003 - Erik Brann dies (b. 1950). American musician (Iron Butterfly).
- 2003 - John Schlesinger dies (b. 1926). British film director.
- 2003 - Ludwig Bölkow dies (b. 1912). German aeronautical engineer.
- 2004 - Lance Armstrong makes history, winning his 6th (consecutive) Tour de France.
- 2004 - Carmen Gutierrez, a doctor who won Mexico's Woman of the Year award (1997), was found dead in a canal on the outskirts of Mexico City. She was kidnapped Jul 22.
- 2005 - Albert Mangelsdorff dies (b. 1928). German jazz trombonist.
- 2005 - Maria do Couto Maia-Lopes dies (b. 1890). Portuguese old woman.
- 2006 - Carl Brashear dies (b. 1931). First African-American U.S Navy Master Diver.
- 2007 - Pratibha Patil is sworn in as India's first woman president.
- 2007 - Bernd Jakubowski dies (b. 1952). German goal keeper.
- 2007 - Jesse Marunde dies (b. 1979). American strongman competitor.
- Saint James the Great - patron saint of Spain.
- Costa Rica - Anniversary of the Annexation of Guanacaste Province.
- Cuba - Eve of Revolution Day.
- Puerto Rico - Constitution Day (1952).
- Tunisia - Republic Day (1957).
- Municipal holiday in de Cantanhede and Ovar (Portugal).
- Galicia (Spain) - National Day, Saint James Day (Día da Pátria Galega).
- Ebernoe Horn Fair in Sussex, southern England.
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