On this day in History - Jul 16

• 0622 - Beginning of the Islamic calendar. Mahomet began his flight from Mecca to Medina (Hegira).
• 1054 - Excommunication of Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople / Um representante do Papa deposita na catedral de Santa Sofia, uma Bula de excomunhão contra o patriarca de Constantinopla. É a oficialização da ruptura entre a Igreja romana e a ortodoxa, que durava à séculos.
• 1054 - The 'Great Schism' between the Western and Eastern churches began over rival claims of universal pre-eminence. (In 1965, 911 years later, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I met to declare an end to the schism).
• 1099 - Crusaders herd the Jews of Jerusalem into a synagogue & set it afire.
• 1194 - Saint Clare of Assisi was born (d. 1253). Italian follower of Francis of Assisi.
• 1212 - Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: Alfonso VIII, King of Castile and other christian forces, defeats the Moors / Forças de todos os reinos cristãos ibéricos, dirigidos pelos reis Afonso VIII de Castela, Sancho VII de Navarra e Pedro II de Aragão, derrotam o rei mouro de Granada na Batalha de Navas de Tolosa.
• 1216 - Death of Pope Innocent III.
• 1324 - Emperor Go-Uda of Japan dies (b. 1267).
• 1342 - King Charles I of Hungary dies.
• 1377 - Ricardo II é coroado Rei de Inglaterra, sucedendo ao avô Eduardo III.
• 1394 - O rei Carlos VI, o Louco, ordena a expulsão dos Judeus de França.
• 1429 - Coronation of Charles VII of France, at Rheims.
• 1439 - In 1439, a petition from Commons requested to be excused from kissing the king because of the Plague. Thus England banned kissing to try and prevent spread of disease and pestilence.
• 1465 - Battle of Montlhéry - League of the Public Weal combats Louis XI, King of France. Both armies fled the battlefield ("Traditionnellement, cette bataille a été considérée comme indécise, tant sur le plan tactique que pour ce qui concerne l'issue de la guerre civile " in La Bataille de Montlhéry par Michel Rimboud).
• 1486 - Andrea del Sarto was born (d. 1530). Italian painter.
• 1493 - Caterina, mother of Leonardo da Vinci, old and sick arrives in Milan to live with him. She would die shortly after.
• 1498 - Legation of Machiavelli to Caterina Sforza the Countess of Imola and Forti.
• 1548 - La Paz, Bolivia is founded.
• 1519 - The Leipzig Disputation - Public debate between Martin Luther (1483-1546) & theologist John Eck.
• 1546 - Anne Askew is burnt in England for denying doctrine of transubstantiation.
• 1557 - Anne of Cleves dies (b. 1515). Fourth wife of Henry VIII of England.
• 1590 - Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires dies (b. 1514). Archbishop of Braga (Portugal).
• 1594 - Thomas Kyd dies (b. 1558). Author of The Spanish Tragedy.
• 1611 - Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria was born (d. 1644). Queen of Poland (d. 1644).
• 1630 - Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy dies (b. 1562).
• 1647 - Masaniello dies (b. 1622). Italian rebel.
• 1661 - The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco.
• 1664 - Andreas Gryphius dies (b. 1616). German writer.
• 1683 - Manchu/Chinese Qing Dynasty naval forces under commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands.
• 1686 - John Pearson dies (b. 1612). English theologian.
• 1691 - François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois dies (b. 1641). French war minister.
• 1704 - John Kay was born. English machinist, invented flying shuttle.
• 1714 - Marc René, marquis de Montalembert was born (d. 1800). French military engineer.
• 1722 - Joseph Wilton was born (d. 1803). English sculptor.
• 1723 - Sir Joshua Reynolds was born in Plympton, Devonshire (d. 23 Feb 1792). English portrait painter (Simplicity) The Pre-Raphaleites called him "Sir Sloshua." ( Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces, 1765, Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen, 1773, oil on canvas, Tate Gallery, London; Simplicity Dawson).
• 1728 - Henri Moreau was born. French composer.
• 1729 - Johann David Heinichen dies (b. 1683). German composer.
• 1730 - Elijah Fenton dies in Easthampstead, Berkshire (d. 1683). English poet (Poems on Several Occasions - 1717 ) and translator.
• 1731 - Samuel Huntington was born (d. 1796). Continental Congress president.
• 1746 - Giuseppe Piazzi was born (d. 1826). Italian astronomer. He discovered, on 1st January 1801, in Palermo, the first and largest asteroid (Ceres).
• 1747 - Giuseppe Maria Crespi dies (b. 1665). Italian painter.
• 1769 - Spanish Franciscan missionary Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first mission in California, the first permanent Spanish settlement on America's westcoast.
• 1770 - Francis Cotes dies (b. 1726). English painter.
• 1774 - Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed the treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardji, ending their six-year war.
• 1779 - American Revolutionary War: United States forces led by General Anthony Wayne capture Stony Point, New York from British troops.
• 1782 - First performance of Mozart's opera The Abduction from the Seraglio, in Vienna.
  The reaction was mixed. Mostly it went over well, but there was a loud group of naysayers in the upper gallery. And Emperor Joseph the Second of Austria would later issue his own gentle criticism.
• 1783 - Grants of land in Canada to American loyalists announced.
• 1790 - The signing of the Residence Bill establishes a site along the Potomac River as the District of Columbia (seat of government) of the United States (see Washington, DC).
• 1796 - Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot was born (d. 1875). French painter. His large, grandiose paintings contrasted with the work of the Impressionists. His work included "Madame Corot" (1833-1835) and "Interrupted Reading" (1870-1873).
• 1796 - George Howard dies (b. 1718). British field marshal.
• 1821 - Mary Baker Eddy was born (d. 1910). American religious leader. Founder of the Christian Science Church.
• 1831 - Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron dies (b. 1763). Russian general.
• 1834 - Franz Adolf Lüderitz was born (d. 1886). Salesman and politician.
• 1848 - Jons Jakob Berzelius dies. Chemist.
• 1858 - Eugène Ysaÿe was born (d. 1931). Belgian violinist.
• 1861 - First major battle of the Civil War - Bull Run.
• 1862 - American Civil War: David G. Farragut becomes the first United States Navy rear admiral.
• 1862 - Comet Swift-Tuttle is discovered by Lewis Swift.
• 1862 - Ida B. Wells was born (d. 1931). American journalist and anti-lynching crusader.
• 1862 - Constâncio Alves was born in São Salvador Bahia (d. 11 Feb 1933). Brazilian poet and journalist.
• 1863 - Howard E. Smith, American church organist and composer of the melody to the popular hymn, 'Love Lifted Me.'
• 1867 - A patent for ready-mixed paint was granted to D.R. Averill, of Newberg, Ohio.
• 1870 - Lambert McKenna was born (d. 1956). Irish scholar.
• 1872 - Roald Amundsen was born in Borge (d. 1928). Norwegian explorer. He was the first to reach the South Pole by land and navigated the Northwest Passage.
• 1876 - Eugene Octave Sykes was born (d. 1941). First chairman of the FCC.
• 1880 - Dr. Emily Howard Stowe becomes the first woman licenced to practice medicine in Canada
• 1882 - Mary Todd Lincoln dies (b. 1818). First Lady of the United States.
• 1883 - Charles Sheeler was born (d. 1965). American photographer and artist.
• 1884 - Anna Vyrubova was born (d. 1964). Russian memoirist.
• 1884 - Pedro Luís Pereira de Sousa dies (b. 1839). Brazilian poet and politician.
• 1886 - Ned Buntline dies (b. 1823). American pulp novelist.
• 1888 - Percy Kilbride was born (cd. 1964). American actor ( Pa Kettle).
• 1888 - Frits Zernike was born (d. 1966). Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1889 - "Shoeless" Joe Jackson was born (d. 1951). American baseball player.
• 1889 - Larry Semon was born (d. 1928). American comedian.
• 1890 - Gottfried Keller dies in Zurich, three days short of his birthdate.
• 1896 - Trygve Lie was born (d. 1968). Norwegian politiican, first United Nations Secretary General.
• 1896 - Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer was born (d. 1969). German eugenicist and nazi physician
• 1896 - Evelyn Preer was born (d. 1932). American actress.
• 1896 - Edmond Goncourt dies (b. 1822). French writer and critic.
• 1902 - Georg Schwarz was born in Nürtingen (d. 1991). German writer.
• 1902 - Alexander Luria was born (d. 1977). Russian psychologist.
• 1903 - Mary Philbin was born (d. 1993). American actress.
• 1903 - Fritz Bauer was born (d. 1968). German judge.
• 1903 - Carmen Lombardo was born (d. 1971). Canadian singer, saxophonist, composer, and arranger.
• 1904 - Goffredo Petrassi was born. Italian composer.
• 1906 - Vincent Sherman was born in Vienna. American film director.
• 1907 - Orville Redenbacher was born. Popcorn king (Orville Redenbacher's Gourmet).
• 1907 - Frances Horwich, aka "Miss Frances" of "Ding Dong School" was born (d. 2001). American educator and television personality.
• 1907 - Orville Redenbacher was born (d. 1995). American farmer and businessman. Popcorn King (Orbville Redenbacher's Gourmet).
• 1907 - Barbara Stanwyck [Ruby Stevens] was born (d. 1990). American actress.
• 1911 - Ginger Rogers [Virginia Katherine McNath] was born (d. 1995). American Academy Award-winning actress and dancer who appeared in several romantic comedies with her dancing partner Fred Astaire.
• 1911 - Paulo Gracindo was born. Brazilian actor.
• 1911 - Sonny Tufts was born (d. 1970). American actor.
• 1912 - Milt Bocek was born (d. 2007). American baseball player.
• 1913 - Peter van Eyck was born (d. 1969). Actor.
• 1914 - Hellenic Holocaust: According to the German Consul Kuchhoff: "The entire Greek population of Sinope and the coastal region of the county of Kastanome has been exiled. Exile and extermination in Turkish are the same, for whoever is not murdered, will die from hunger or illness."
• 1915 - Norman Tabor sets the world record for a one mile race at 4 minutes, 12.6 seconds.
• 1915 - Henry James becomes a British citizen to dramatize his commitment to England and the Allied cause, explaining: "I have testified to my long attachment here in the only way I could-though I certainly shouldn't have done it... if the U.S.A. had done a little more for me."
• 1915 - Barnard Hughes was born (d. 11 Jul 2006). American actor.
• 1915 - Ellen White dies (b. 1827). American co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
• 1916 - Mário Dionísio was born. Portuguese writer and professor.
• 1916 - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov dies (b. 1845). Russian microbiologist, Nobel laureate.
• 1917 - Philipp Scharwenka dies (b. 1847). Polish-German composer.
• 1918 - Russian Revolution: At Ekaterinburg, Bolsheviks execute Czar Nicholas II of Russia and his family.
• 1918 - Bayani Casimiro was born (d. 1989). Filipino dancer and actor.
• 1919 - Choi Kyuha was born (d. 2006). President of South Korea.
• 1919 - Hermine Braunsteiner was born (d. 1999). Nazi war criminal.
• 1923 - Chris Argyris was born. Greek Professor Emeritus at Harvard Business School.
• 1924 - Bess Myerson was born. Miss America (1945) and television personality.
• 1925 - Cal Tjader was born (d. 1982). American musician.
• 1925 - Trinidad Rosa Quintana Muñoz de Kogan (Rosita Quintana) was born. Argentine actress.
• 1926 - Irwin Rose was born. American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• 1927 - Mindy Carson was born in New York City, New York. American singer.
• 1927 - Augusto Sandino began a 5-year war against the US occupation of Nicaragua.
• 1928 - Anita Brookner was born. English novelist.
• 1928 - David C. Treen was born. American politician, ex-Governor of Louisiana.
• 1928 - Robert Sheckley was born (d. 2005). American author.
• 1928 - Ticho Parly was born (d. 1993). Danish tenor.
• 1930 - Michael Bilirakis was born. American politician.
• 1930 - Guy Béart was born. Egyptian-born French singer and songwriter.
• 1931 - Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
• 1931 - Missionary C.T. Studd, one of the famous "Cambridge Seven" and [missionary] to China, India, and Africa, dies.
• 1932 - Richard L. Thornburgh (also known as Dick Thornburgh) was born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pa. U.S. District Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1969-75); Governor of Pennsylvania, (1979-87). U.S. Attorney General, 1988-91.
• 1932 - Dick Thornburgh was born. American politician.
• 1932 - Max McGee was born (d. 2007). American football player.
• 1934 - Don Payne was born. American politician.
• 1934 - Katherine D. Ortega was born. 38th Treasurer of the United States.
• 1935 - Arnold Adoff is born in New York. He will become well-known as a poet and anthologist, especially of titles that celebrate African-American heritage. In 1988 he was awarded, for the body of his work, the National Council of Teachers of English Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children.
• 1935 - The first parking meters were installed in Oklahoma City.
• 1936 - Buddy Merrill was born. American musician (The Lawrence Welk Show).
• 1937 - Richard Bryan was born. American politician.
• 1938 - Tony Jackson was born (d. 2003). English bass player (The Searchers).
• 1939 - Corin Redgrave was born. English actor.
• 1939 - Mariele Ventre was born (d. 1995). Italian choir director.
• 1939 - William Bell [William Yarborough] was born in Memphis, TN. A principal architect of the Stax-Volt sound, singer/composer William Bell remains best known for his classic "You Don't Miss Your Water," one of the quintessential soul records to emerge from the Memphis scene. In 1988 Bell was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame; that same year receiving the Rhythm & Blues Foundation's R&B Pioneer Award.
• 1941 - New York Yankees' Joe DiMaggio gets a hit in his 56th consecutive game.
• 1941 - Hitler convened top Nazi leaders at his headquarters in East Prussia to dictate how they would rule the newly occupied eastern territories. Ukraine, the "jewel" in the Nazi empire, would become a German colony.
• 1941 - Desmond Dekker was born (d. 2006). Jamaican musician.
• 1941 - Mišo Kovač was born. Croatian musician.
• 1941 - Pe. António Tomás de Sales dies in Fortaleza, Ceará ( b. in Acarati 14 Sep 1868). Brazilian poet.
• 1942 - Holocaust: Rafle du Vel'd'Hiv: The Vichy France government orders French police officers to round up 13,000-20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome. In 1995, president Jacques Chirac officially recognizes the French police's responsibility.
• 1942 - Adolf Hitler arrives in Vinnytsia, central Ukraine.
• 1942 - Margaret Smith Court was born. Australian tennis player.
• 1943 - Reinaldo Arenas was born (d. 1990). Cuban poet.
• 1944 - Soviet troops occupy Vilna, Lithuania, in their drive towards Germany.
• 1945 - The United States exploded its first experimental atomic bomb, called Fat Boy, in the desert of Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• 1945 - Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• 1945 - Victor Sloan was born. Irish visual artist
• 1946 - Barbara Lee was born. American politician.
• 1946 - Richard LeParmentier was born. American actor.
• 1946 - Ron Yary was born. American football player Pro Football Hall of Famer.
• 1947 - Alexis Herman was born. 23rd U.S. Secretary of Labor.
• 1947 - Assata Shakur was born. American activist, Black Panther Party member.
• 1947 - Robert Lieberman was born. American director.
• 1947 - Raoul Wallenberg dies (exact date of death uncertain) (b. 1912). Swedish humanitarian
• 1948 - The city of Nazareth, hometown of Jesus, capitulated to Israeli troops during Operation Dekel led by Ben Dunkelman, after little more than token resistance, during 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
• 1948 - Rubén Blades was born. Panamanian actor, musician, and politician.
• 1948 - Pinchas Zukerman was born in Telaviv. Israeli violinist and conductor.
• 1949 - Ibvanov Vyacheslav Ivanovich dies in Rome (b. 1866). The leading poet of the Russian Symbolist movement, philosopher and classical scholar. His most important poetical achievement is Cor Ardens (1911); he also published translations of Sappho and Aeschylus.
• 1950 - Brazil, in Maracanã, is defeated by Uruguay 1-2 that wins 1950 FIFA World Cup
• 1950 - Dennis Priestley was born. English darts player.
• 1950 - Pierre Paradis was born. Quebec politician.
• 1950 - Tom Terrell was born. American musicologist, deejay.
• 1951 - King Léopold III of Belgium abdicates in favour of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium.
• 1951 - The novel Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is published.
• 1951 - Jean-Luc Mongrain was born. French-Canadian journalist.
• 1952 - Robert David Steele was born. American spy.
• 1952 - Stewart Copeland was born. American musician (The Police).
• 1952 - Robert David Steele was born. American spy.
• 1953 - Douglas J. Feith was born. American Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.
• 1953 - Hilaire Belloc dies at his home in Shipley, Sussex (b. 1870). French writer and journalist.
• 1954 - Jeanette Mott Oxford was born. American politician.
• 1955 - Original Disneyland park opens in Anaheim, California.
• 1956 - The last Ringling Bros. Barnum and Bailey circus held its last show under the canvas tent.
• 1956 - Jerry Doyle was born. American actor.
• 1956 - Tony Kushner was born. American playwright.
• 1956 - Padre Américo dies (b. 23 Oct 1887). Portuguese pedagogue (Casa do Gaiato).
• 1957 - United States Marine Major John Glenn flies a F8U supersonic jet from California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds setting a new transcontinental speed record.
• 1957 - Alexandra Marinina was born. Russian writer.
• 1958 - Michael Flatley was born. Irish-born American dancer ("Lord of the Dance").
• 1958 - Mike D. Rogers was born. American politician.
• 1958 - Pierre Roland Renoir was born. Canadian artist.
• 1958 - Nereu Ramos dies. President of Brazil (1955-1956)
• 1959 - Doug Herzog was born. American television executive.
• 1959 - Gary Anderson was born. American football player.
• 1960 - Terry Pendleton was born. American baseball player.
• 1960 - Albert Kesselring dies (b. 1881). German field marshal.
• 1960 - John P. Marquand dies (b. 1893). American novelist.
• 1963 - Fatboy Slim was born. English musician.
• 1963 - Phoebe Cates was born. American actress.
• 1963 - Srečko Katanec was born. Slovenian footballer and coach.
• 1964 - Miguel Indurain was born. Spanish cyclist.
• 1964 - Phil Hellmuth was born. American poker player.
• 1964 - In accepting the Republican presidential nomination in San Francisco, Barry M. Goldwater said "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice" and that "moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.
• 1965 - The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France with Italy opens.
• 1965 - Claude Lemieux was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1965 - Tina Tyler was born. Canadian porn star.
• 1966 - Chinese leader Mao Tse-tung takes a swim in the Yangtze River near Wuhan in an effort to dispel rumors that he is seriously ill.
• 1966 - Johnny Vaughan was born. English writer and broadcaster.
• 1967 - Christopher Rocancourt was born. French con artist.
• 1967 - Will Ferrell was born. American comedian.
• 1967 - Mily Possoz dies (b. 1888). Modernistic Portuguese painter.
• 1968 - Barry Sanders was born. American football player.
• 1968 - Dhanraj Pillay was born. Indian field hockey player.
• 1968 - Larry Sanger was born. American co-founder of Wikipedia.
• 1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 11 launches from Cape Kennedy, Florida and will become the first manned space mission to land on the moon.
• 1969 - Rain Pryor was born. Actress, singer, comedian (Rain Pryor has become a new Ambassador for the MS cause and has volunteered to support the work of the National MS Society (Note: MS = Multiple Sclerosis
• 1969 - Daryl Mitchell was born. American actor.
• 1969 - Kathryn Harby-Williams was born. Australian netballer.
• 1969 - Rain Pryor was born. American actress.
• 1969 - Adelino Magalhães dies. Brazilian writer.
• 1970 - State of emergency called over dock strike Home Secretary Reginald Maudling. declares a state of emergency to deal with strikes at UK ports (Font: BBC).
• 1970 - Apichatpong Weerasethakul was born. Thai film director.
• 1971 - Corey Feldman was born. American actor.
• 1971 - Edward Kowalczyk was born. American singer (Live).
• 1972 - Robert Wagner e Natalie Wood casam-se novamente. Haviam-se separado em 1962.
• 1973 - Watergate Scandal: Former White House aide Alexander P. Butterfield informs the United States Senate committee investigating scandal that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.
• 1973 - Graham Robertson was born. American filmmaker and author.
• 1973 - Shaun Pollock was born. South African cricketer.
• 1973 - Stefano Garzelli was born. Italian cyclist.
• 1973 - Tim Ryan was born. American politician.
• 1974 - Chris Pontius was born. American actor and Jackass cast member.
• 1974 - Jeremy Enigk was born. American singer/songwriter and guitarist (Sunny Day Real Estate, The Fire Theft).
• 1974 - Wendell Sailor was born. Australian rugby league and union footballer.
• 1975 - Ana Paula Arósio was born. Brasilian model and actress.
• 1975 - Bas Leinders was born. Belgian racing car driver.
• 1975 - Jamie Oliver was born. Welsh keyboardist.
• 1976 - Anna Smashnova was born. Israeli tennis player.
• 1976 - Franklin Lashley was born. American professional wrestler.
• 1976 - Carlos Humberto Paredes was born. Paraguyan football player.
• 1976 - Tomasz Kuchar was born. Polish rally driver.
• 1976 - Carmelo Soria dies assassinated by the Chilean DINA. Spanish diplomat.
• 1977 - Bryan Budd was born (d. 2006). British soldier (VC recipient).
• 1978 - Taj Anwar was born. Hip- Hop Activist.
• 1979 - Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Saddam Hussein replaces him.
• 1979 - Chris Mihm was born. American basketball player.
• 1979 - Jayma Mays was born. American actress.
• 1979 - Alfred Deller dies (b. 1912). English countertenor.
• 1980 - Ronald Reagan won the Republican presidential nomination at the party's convention in Detroit.
• 1980 - Adam Scott was born. Australian golfer.
• 1980 - Jesse Jane was born. American pornographic actress.
• 1981 - Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad becomes Malaysia's 4th Prime Minister until retired on October 31, 2003. Making him Asia's longest-serving political leaders (22 years as Prime Minister of Malaysia).
• 1981 - Harry Chapin dies (b. 1942). American singer and songwriter.
• 1982 - Michael Umaña was born. Costa Rican footballer.
• 1982 - C.R. Swart dies (b. 1894). South African politician.
• 1982 - Patrick Dewaere dies (b. 1947). French actor.
• 1983 - Sikorsky S-61 disaster: helicopter crash off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities.
• 1984 - Hayanari Shimoda was born. Japanese racing driver.
• 1984 - Katrina Kaif was born. Indian actress.
• 1985 - Wayne King dies (b. 1901). American musician, songwriter and bandleader.
• 1985 - Heinrich Böll dies near Bonn (b. 21 Dec 1917). German writer of ironic novels of travails of life during and after World War II. Winner of Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972. Boll's work includes Und sagte kein einziges Wort (1953), aka Acquainted with the Night ; "The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum" (1974)
• 1985 - The National League won baseball's 56th All-Star Game, defeating the American League 6-1 at the Metrodome in Minneapolis. The game marked the first program to be broadcast in stereo by a TV network. NBC gets the honor.
• 1986 - Lawrence B. Mulloy, director of the space shuttle's solid rocket booster program at the time of the Challenger disaster, announced he was retiring from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
• 1986 - Calum Gittins was born. New Zealand actor.
• 1987 - Former White House political director Lyn Nofziger was charged with violating federal ethics laws in a six-count indictment. (Nofziger was later convicted of three counts of illegally lobbying White House officials; however, those convictions were overturned by a federal appeals court).
• 1987 - Great British airline ready for take off: Great British airline ready for take off. The two biggest airlines in the UK are to merge and create a carrier to compete with America's giant air corporations.
• 1988 - The Reverend Jesse Jackson arrived in Atlanta for the Democratic national convention, telling cheering supporters he was seeking "shared responsibility" with nominee-apparent Michael Dukakis.
• 1988 - João Hogan dies. Portuguese painter and engraver.
• 1989 - Leaders of the seven major industrial democracies wrapped up their economic summit in Paris with a call for "decisive action" to fight global pollution.
• 1989 - Gareth Bale was born. Welsh footballer.
• 1989 - Herbert von Karajan dies near Salzburg (b. 1908). Austrian conductor.
• 1990 - An earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale devastated the Philippines, killing over 1,600 people. A thousand more were missing. It was the worst earthquake in that part of the world since 1976.
• 1990 - Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev and West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl announced that Moscow had agreed to drop its objection to a united Germany's membership in NATO.
• 1990 - In the Philippines, an earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter Scale kills over 1600.
• 1990 - Ukraine declared independence.
• 1990 - Robert Blackburn dies (b. 1927). Irish educationist.
• 1990 - Sidney Torch dies (b. 1908). British composer, conductor and organist.
• 1991 - Leaders of the group of Seven nations holding their economic summit in London issued a communiqué calling for a "new spirit of cooperation" in the international community.
• 1991 - Randall Bentley was born. American actor.
• 1991 - Frank Rizzo dies (b. 1920). American politican.
• 1991 - Robert Motherwell dies (b. 1915). American painter (Elegies to Spanish Rep).
• 1992 - Bill Clinton delivered his acceptance speech a day after winning the Democratic presidential nomination at the party's convention in New York.
• 1992 - To the dismay and anger of supporters, Ross Perot announced he would not run for president (however, he later changed his mind).
• 1992 - A train carrying 2,200 tons of New York garbage that spent three weeks winding its way through the Midwest headed home for burial in a Staten Island landfill.
• 1992 - Buck Buchanan dies (b. 1940). American football player.
• 1993 - The surging Mississippi River charged through a levee at West Quincy, Missouri, closing the Bayview Bridge, the only bridge across the river to Illinois for more than 200 miles.
• 1993 - Slackware 1.00 is released.
• 1993 - Stella Rimington becomes the first Director General of the British Secret Service, MI5, to pose openly for cameras at the launch of a brochure outlining the organisation's activities.
• 1994 - Sweden shuts out Bulgaria 4-0, to finish 3rd in the World Cup.
• 1994 - The planet Jupiter is hit by fragments of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet.
• 1994 - The civil war in Rwanda comes to an end.
• 1994 - Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9: comet that collided with Jupiter in 1994. Impacts began on this date through July 22nd.
• 1994 - Mark Indelicato was born. American singer and actor.
• 1994 - Julian Schwinger dies (b. 1918). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1994 - Marcel-Marie Desmarais dies (b. 1908). French Canadian priest, writer, preacher and broadcaster.
• 1995 - William Barloon and David Daliberti, the two Americans who were imprisoned in Iraq for crossing the border from Kuwait four months earlier, were released.
• 1995 - May Sarton dies (b. 1912). Belgian-born American poet.
• 1995 - Stephen Spender dies (b. 1909). English poet.
• 1996 - President Clinton told the National Governors Association he was granting states new powers to deny benefits to recipients who refuse to move from welfare to work.
• 1996 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin met a day late with Vice President Al Gore, easing some of the concerns about his fragile health.
• 1996 - Adolf von Thadden dies (b. 1921). German politician.
• 1996 - John Panozzo dies (b. 1948). American musician (STYX).
• 1997 - Hundreds of FBI agents, some handing out photos in gay bars and hotels, blanketed south Florida in the continuing hunt for alleged prostitute-turned-serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan, who was suspected of gunning down designer Gianni Versace.
• 1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 63.17 to close at 8,038.88, closing above 8,000 for the first time.
• 1998 - The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia refused to block Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr from calling President Clinton's Secret Service protectors before a grand jury.
• 1998 - The US FDA approved the use of thalidomide as a treatment for leprosy.
• 1998 - John Henrik Clarke dies (b. 1915). American historian and scholar.
• 1999 - Carolyn Bessette Kennedy dies (b. 1966). Wife of John F. Kennedy, Jr.
• 1999 - Hiromi Yanagihara dies (b. 1979). Japanese singer.
• 1999 - John F. Kennedy Jr. (b. 1960), son of John F. Kennedy ), his wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and her sister Lauren, died in a plane crash near Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.
• 1999 - Stanley Kubrick's final film, "Eyes Wide Shut" starring Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman, made its debut.
• 1999 - Star Wars Epizode 1 is Released in the United Kingdom.
• 1999 - Off the coast of Martha's Vineyard, a plane piloted by John F. Kennedy Jr. crashes with his wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy and her sister Lauren Bessette on board. All three are killed in the crash.
• 1999 - First game at Bears and Eagles Riverfront Stadium in Newark, New Jersey.
• 2000 - Families and friends of the victims of the TWA Flight 800 explosion broke ground for a new memorial on the Long Island shore not far from where the plane went down, killing all 230 people on board.
• 2001 - The FBI arrests Dmitry Sklyarov at a convention in Las Vegas, Nevada for violating a provision of the DMCA.
• 2001 - The People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation sign the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation.
• 2001 - The IOC in Moscow elected Jacques Rogge (59), a Belgian surgeon, to succeed Juan Antonio Samaranch.
• 2001 - Maurice De Bevere dies (b. 1923). Belgian cartoonist.
• 2001 - Terry Gordy dies (b. 1961). American professional wrestler.
• 2002 - Simon & Garfunkel release the album Live In New York City, 1967, a live recording of their January 22, 1967 concert at Philharmonic Hall.
• 2002 - John Cocke dies (b. 1925). American computer scientist.
• 2003 - Celia Cruz dies in Fort Lee, NJ (b. 1924). Cuban Latin music singer.
• 2003 - Carol Shields dies at her home in Victoria, British Columbia (b. 1935). Canadian Pulitzer-prize winning author who wrote "The Stone Diaries" (1995) and more than 20 other books.
• 2003 - An Australian research team led by Graham Giles of The Cancer Council published a medical study which concluded that frequent masturbation by males may help prevent the development of prostate cancer, marking the almost complete rehabilitation of the sexual practice from a dangerous health risk to a beneficial preventative health measure.
• 2003 - The Corsicans reject a referendum for increased autonomy from France by a very thin majority: 50.98 percent against, and 49.02 percent for.
• 2003 - In Sao Tomé e Príncipe, President Fradique de Menezes was ousted in a coup led by army Maj. Fernando Pereira. The revolt changed control of the impoverished country's new oil wealth.
• 2004 - Millennium Park, considered the first and most ambitious architectural project in the early 21st century for Chicago, Illinois, is opened to the public by Mayor of Chicago Richard M. Daley.
• 2004 - Barclays Bank freezes the bank accounts of the British National Party.
• 2004 - In Kumbakonam, southern India, a short circuit ignited a thatched roof and raged through the Lord Krishna Middle School, killing at least 88 children and injuring more than 100.
• 2004 - In Thailand the 15th International AIDS Conference ended in Bangkok.
• 2004 - American business magnate Martha Stewart is sentenced to five months in prison for lying about a stock sale.
• 2004 - George Busbee dies (b. 1927). Governor of Georgia.
• 2005 - The sixth book in the popular Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince by JK Rowling is released to record sales of 287,564 books per hour in its first 24 hours, making it the fastest selling book in history.
• 2005 - Pietro Consagra dies (b. 1920). Italian sculptor.
• 2005 - Prince Gu of Korea dies (b. 1931).
• 2005 - Camillo Felgen dies (b. 1920). Luxembourgish singer, lyricist, and entertainer.
• 2006 - Robert H. Brooks dies (b. 1937). American founder of Hooters.
• 2006 - Bob Orton, Sr. dies (b. 1929). American professional wrestler.
• 2006 - Winthrop Paul Rockefeller dies (b. 1948). Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas dies.
• 2007 - An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 and aftershock of 6.6 occur off the Niigata coast, Japan, killing 8 people with at least 800 injured and damaging a nuclear power plant. See 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake.
• Botswana - President's Day (2nd day).
• Catholic - Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel / Dia de Nossa Senhora do Carmo.