On this day in History - May 23
- 0230 - Pope Urban I dies.
- 1052 - King Philip I of France was born (d. 1108)
- 1100 - Emperor Qinzong of China was born (d. 1161)
- 1125 - Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor dies (b. 1081)
- 1179 - O papa Alexandre III, através da bula Manifestis Probatum reconhece D. Afonso Henriques como rei de Portugal.
- 1304 - Jehan de Lescurel dies. Poet and composer.
- 1421 - Government officials in Austria began imprisoning and expelling Jews.
- 1423 - Benedict XIII, [Pedro the Luna], Spanish Pope (1394-1423), died. He had been elected by the Avignon cardinals during the Great Western Schism.
- 1498 - Girolamo Savonarola dies executed on the orders of Pope Alexander VI (b. 1452). Priest and ruler of Florence.
- 1523 - Ashikaga Yoshitane dies (b. 1466). Japanese shogun.
- 1524 - Ismail I dies (b. 1487). Shah of Persia.
- 1533 - The marriage of King Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void.
- 1536 - Pope Paul III instituted the Portuguese Inquisition.
- 1555 - Giampietro Caraffa becomes Pope Paul IV .
- 1568 - Dutch rebels led by Louis of Nassau, brother of William I of Orange, defeat Jean de Ligne, Duke of Aremberg and his loyalist troops in the Battle of Heiligerlee, opening the Eighty Years' War.
- 1606 - Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz was born (d. 1682). Spanish writer.
- 1609 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia takes place.
- 1617 - Elias Ashmole was born (d. 1692). English antiquarian.
- 1618 - The Second Defenstration of Prague precipitates the Thirty Years' War.
- 1627 - Luis de Góngora dies. Spanish poet.
- 1662 - John Gauden dies (b. 1605). English bishop and writer.
- 1670 - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany dies (b. 1610).
- 1691 - Adrien Auzout was born (d. 1622). French astronomer.
- 1701 - After being convicted of piracy and of murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd (b. 1645) is hanged in London.
- 1701 - Captain Kidd dies (b. 1645). Scottish pirate.
- 1706 - Battle of Ramillies - the John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough defeats a French army under Marshal Villeroi.
- 1707 - Carolus Linnaeus was born (d. 1778). Swedish botanist.
- 1712 - Nascimento de D. José da Câmara - 4º conde da Ribeira Grande - Portugal
- 1718 - William Hunter was born (d. 1783). Scottish anatomist.
- 1729 - Giuseppe Parini was born (d. 1799). Italian poet.
- 1734 - Franz Anton Mesmer was born. In the late 18th century, Mesmer popularized the use of suggestion, which he called animal magnetism, to bring about physical cures.
- 1741 - Andrea Luchesi was born (d. 1801). Italian composer.
- 1752 - William Bradford dies (b. 1663). British-born printer.
- 1754 - Andrea Appiani was born. Italian painter.
- 1754 - John Wood, the Elder dies (b. 1704). English architect.
- 1783 - James Otis dies (b. 1725). American lawyer and patriot.
- 1786 - Móric Beňovský dies (b. 1746). Slovak explorer.
- 1788 - South Carolina becomes the 8th U.S. state to ratify the United States Constitution.
- 1790 - Jules Dumont d'Urville was born (b. 1842). French explorer.
- 1795 - Charles Barry was born (d. 1860). English architect.
- 1805 - Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned King of Italy with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in the Cathedral of Milan.
- 1810 - Margaret Fuller was born (d. 1850). American journalist and feminist.
- 1813 - South American independence leader Simón Bolívar enters Mérida, leading the invasion of Venezuela, and is proclaimed El Libertador ("The Liberator").
- 1813 - Geraud Duroc dies (b. 1772). French general.
- 1820 - James Buchanan Eads was born (d. 1887). American engineer and inventor.
- 1820 - Lorenzo Sawyer was born (d. 1891). 9th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California.
- 1824 - Ambrose Burnside was born (d. 1881). American Civil War general.
- 1825 - Ras Gugsa of Yejju dies. Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia
- 1834 - Carl Heinrich Bloch was born (d. 1890). Danish painter.
- 1841 - Franz Xaver von Baader dies (b. 1765). German philosopher and theologian.
- 1844 - Over the prior night the Persian Prophet the Báb announces his revelation, founding Bábísm. He announced to the world of the coming of "He whom God shall make manifest." He is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.
- 1846 - Arabella Mansfield was born. Lawyer, educator and suffragist; first woman admitted to the bar in the United States.
- 1846 - Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki dies (b. 1778). Polish politician.
- 1848 - Otto Lilienthal was born (d. 1896). German aviation pioneer.
- 1855 - Charles Robert Malden dies (b. 1797). English explorer.
- 1857 - Augustin Louis Cauchy dies (b. 1789). French mathematicien.
- 1863 - The Siege of Port Hudson starts.
- 1865 - A parade is held in Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, to celebrate the end of the American Civil War.
- 1865 - Epitácio Pessoa was born (d. 1942). President of Brazil / Nasce em Umbuzeiro - PB, Epitácio Pessoa (Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa). 13º Presidente do Brasil (28 Jul 1919 a 15 Nov 1922).
- 1868 - Kit Carson dies (b. 1809). American trapper, scout, and Indian agent.
- 1873 - The Canadian Parliament establishes the North West Mounted Police, the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
- 1875 - Alfred P. Sloan was born (d. 1966). American business professor.
- 1875 - Kate Barnard was born. Prison reformer.
- 1879 - Dezső Lauber was born (d. 1966). Hungarian sportsman.
- 1883 - Douglas Fairbanks was born (d. 1939). American actor.
- 1884 - Corrado Gini was born (d. 1965). Italian sociologist.
- 1886 - Leopold von Ranke dies (b. 1795). German historian.
- 1887 - Thoralf Skolem was born. Norwegian mathematician.
- 1888 - Zack Wheat was born (d. 1972). Baseball player.
- 1889 - Ernst Niekisch was born (d. 1967). German politician.
- 1890 - Herbert Marshall was born (d. 1966). English actor.
- 1891 - Pär Lagerkvist was born (d. 1974). Swedish writer, Nobel Prize -1951 laureate.
- 1893 - Ulysses S. Grant IV was born (d. 1977). American geologist and paleontologist.
- 1893 - Anton von Schmerling dies (b. 1805). Austrian statesman.
- 1895 - Franz Ernst Neumann dies (b. 1798). German mineralogist and physicist.
- 1896 - José Asunción Silva dies (b. 1865). Colombian poet.
- 1898 - Scott O'Dell was born (d. 1989). American author.
- 1900 - American Civil War: Sergeant William Harvey Carney becomes the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for his heroism in the Assault on the Battery Wagner.
- 1900 - Boer War: Rhenoster RiverBritish troops arrive at the Rhenoster River only to find that the bridge has been destroyed by the Boers.
- 1900 - Hans Frank was born (d. 1946). German Nazi war criminal.
- 1901 - American forces capture Filipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo.
- 1905 - D. Amélia inaugura a abertura do Museu Nacional dos Coches em Lisboa (Portugal).
- 1906 - Wright brothers are granted U.S. patent number 821,393 for their "Flying-Machine".
- 1906 - Henrik Ibsen dies (b. 1828). Norwegian writer.
- 1907 - Unicameral Parliament of Finland gathered for its first plenary session.
- 1908 - Reports of a severe famine in the Usoga region of Uganda suggest at least 4,000 people have already died.
- 1908 - John Bardeen was born (d. 1991). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1908 - Silvio Caldas (Silvio Antônio Narciso de Figueiredo Caldas) was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian singer.
- 1908 - François Coppée dies (b. 1842). French poet and novelist.
- 1910 - Margaret Wise Brown was born (d. 1952). American children's author (Goodnight Moon).
- 1910 - Sir Hugh Casson was born (d. 1999). British architect and painter.
- 1910 - Scatman Crothers was born (d. 1986). American actor and musician
- 1910 - Artie Shaw was born (d. 2004). American clarinetist and bandleader.
- 1911 - Dedication ceremony for the New York Public Library.
- 1912 - Betty Astell was born (d. 2005). British actress.
- 1912 - Jean Françaix was born (d. 1997). French composer.
- 1912 - John Payne was born (d. 1989). American actor.
- 1913 - Ruth Fernandez was born. Legendary singer from Puerto Rico
- 1917 - Edward Norton Lorenz was born. American mathematician and meteorologist.
- 1918 - Denis Compton was born (d. 1997). English cricketer.
- 1919 - Betty Garrett was born. American actress and dancer.
- 1920 - Helen O'Connell was born (d. 1993). American singer.
- 1920 - Svetozar Boroević dies (b. 1856). Austrian field marshal.
- 1921 - James Blish was born (d. 1975). Science fiction author.
- 1921 - Humphrey Lyttelton was born. British jazz musician.
- 1921 - Tomé José de Barros Queirós assume o cargo de primeiro-ministro de Portugal.
- 1923 - Launch of Belgium's SABENA airline.
- 1923 - Eduardo Lourenço was born. Portuguese essayst.
- 1923 - Alicia de Larrocha was born. Spanish pianist.
- 1923 - Walter Wolfrum was born. German fighter pilot.
- 1925 - Joshua Lederberg was born. American molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1925 - Mac Wiseman was born. American musician.
- 1926 - France captures the Rif capital, Targuist.
- 1926 - Aileen Hernandez was born. Women's rights activist.
- 1927 - Dieter Hildebrandt was born. Cabaret artist.
- 1928 - Rosemary Clooney was born (d. 2002). American singer and actress.
- 1928 - Nigel Davenport was born. English actor.
- 1928 - Pauline Julien was born (d. 1998). French Canadian singer.
- 1929 - Julian Euell was born. Jazz musician.
- 1929 - The first talking cartoon of Mickey Mouse, The Karnival Kid, was released.
- 1929 - Ulla Jacobsson was born (d. 1982). Swedish actress.
- 1930 - Friedrich Achleitner was born. German poet.
- 1931 - Opening of Whipsnade Zoo in Bedford, England.
- 1931 - Barbara Barrie was born. American actress
- 1933 - Joan Collins was born. English actress.
- 1933 - Seabiscuit was born. Legendary american Racehorse.
- 1933 - Othon Bastos (Othon José de Almeida Bastos) was born in Tucano, Bahia. Brazilian actor.
- 1934 - American bank robbers Bonnie and Clyde were ambushed by police and killed in Black Lake, Louisiana.
- 1934 - The Auto-Lite Strike culminated in the "Battle of Toledo," a five-day melee between 1,300 troops of the Ohio National Guard and 6,000 picketers.
- 1934 - Robert Moog was born (d. 2005). American inventor.
- 1934 - Clyde Barrow dies (b. 1909). American outlaw.
- 1934 - Bonnie Parker dies (b. 1910). American outlaw.
- 1935 - Instituto Nacional de Estatística is founded (Portugal).
- 1936 - Charles Kimbrough was born. American actor.
- 1936 - Ingeborg Hallstein was born. German opera singer.
- 1937 - John D. Rockefeller dies (b. 1839). American entrepreneur.
- 1938 - Peter Preston was born. British journalist and author.
- 1939 - The U.S. Navy submarine USS Squalus sinks off the coast of New Hampshire during a test dive, causing the death of 26 sailors. The remaining 32 crewmen and one passenger are rescued the following day.
- 1939 - Reinhard Hauff was born. German film director.
- 1939 - Michel Colombier was born (d. 2004). French composer and songwriter.
- 1941 - Leonel Brito was born. Portuguese film producer who was founder of Cinequanon.
- 1942 - Gabriel Liiceanu was born. Romanian philosopher
- 1942 - K. Raghavendra Rao was born. Indian film director.
- 1943 - General Norman Johnson was born. American rock vocalist with Chairman of the Board
- 1944 - John Newcombe was born. Australian tennis player
- 1945 - World War II: Heinrich Himmler (b. 1900), the head of the SS, commits suicide while in Allied custody.
- 1945 - World War II: The Flensburg government under Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz was dissolved when its members were captured and arrested by British forces at Flensburg in Northern Germany.
- 1945 - Padmarajan was born (d. 1991). Indian film director.
- 1945 - Winston Churchill resigned as British Prime Minister.
- 1945 - José Agripino Maia was born. Brazilian politician.
- 1946 - David Graham was born. Australin profesional golfer.
- 1946 - Frederik de Groot was born. Dutch actor.
- 1946 - H. Paul Shuch ws born. American SETI scientist.
- 1947 - Bernard Comrie was born. English linguist.
- 1947 - Ann Hui was born. Hong Kong film director.
- 1947 - Jane Kenyon was born. American poet (Let Evening Come, Otherwise).
- 1947 - Charles Ferdinand Ramuz dies (b. 1878). Swiss writer.
- 1948 - Reggie Cleveland was born. Baseball player.
- 1949 - The Federal Republic of Germany is established, and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany proclaimed.
- 1949 - Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez was born. President of Perú (1985-1990)
- 1951 - Tibetans were forced to sign the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet with the People's Republic of China.
- 1951 - Anatoly Karpov was born. Russian chess player who was World Champion (1975-1985)
- 1951 - Antonis Samaras was born. Greek politician.
- 1951 - Judy_Rodman was born. Ameican cuntry music singer.
- 1952 - Anne-Marie David was born. French singer.
- 1952 - Marvelous Marvin Hagler was born. American boxer.
- 1955 - Luka Bloom was born. Irish singer/songwriter.
- 1956 - Ex-president Pierre Mendés-France resigns from the French Cabinet in disgust over the current crackdown in Algeria .
- 1956 - Buck Showalter was born. Baseball player and manager.
- 1956 - Mark Shaw was born. New Zealand rugby footballer.
- 1956 - Ursula Plassnik was born. Austrian politician.
- 1957 - Baltimora was born (d. 1995). British singer.
- 1958 - Explorer 1 ceases transmission.
- 1958 - General Raoul Salan, the Commander-in-Chief of the French army in Algiers formally recognises the Algerian juntas.
- 1958 - François Feldman was born. French singer
- 1958 - Mitch Albom was born. American writer.
- 1958 - Drew Carey was born. American actor and comedian.
- 1958 - Explorer I ceases transmission.
- 1960 - Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion announces that Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann has been captured.
- 1961 - Eusébio estreia-se pelo Benfica num jogo particular com o Atlético, no Estádio da Luz, em que se entregaram as faixas de campeão aos encarnados. O resultado foi de 4-2 e Eusébio marcou três golos!
- 1962 - Drilling for the Montreal Metro commences.
- 1962 - Imran Anwar was born. Pakistani Internet pioneer and American TV personality
- 1962 - Karen Duffy was born. American actress.
- 1963 - Wally Dallenbach Jr. was born. American race car driver and announcer.
- 1963 - Gregg "Opie" Hughes was born. American radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
- 1964 - A US miscalculation results in 1 kilogram of plutonium being released into the atmosphere above Africa.
- 1964 - Allan Kayser was born. American actor.
- 1964 - Ruth Metzler-Arnold was born. Member of the Swiss Federal Council.
- 1965 - Tom Tykwer was born. German film director.
- 1965 - Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo was born. Real Madrid footballer.
- 1965 - Earl Webb dies (b. 1897). American baseball player.
- 1966 - Graeme Hick was born. English cricketer.
- 1966 - Demchugdongrub dies (b. 1902). Mongolian politician.
- 1966 - Manuel da Conceição Afonso dies. President of Sport Lisboa e Benfica.
- 1967 - Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran and blockades the port of Eilat at the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping, laying the foundations for the Six Day War.
- 1967 - Phil Selway was born. English drummer (Radiohead).
- 1967 - Anna Ibrisagic was born. Swedish politician.
- 1967 - Lionel Groulx dies (b. 1878). French Canadian priest and historian.
- 1969 - Flavio Frederico was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian actor.
- 1970 - An outbreak of fire occurs in the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Straits in north Wales contributing to its partial destruction and amounting to approximately £1,000,000 worth of fire damage.
- 1970 - Blake Schwendiman was born. American author.
- 1970 - Bryan Herta was born. American race car driver.
- 1971 - Charmaine Sinclair was born. Playboy model.
- 1972 - Rubens Barrichello was born. Brazilian formula 1 driver
- 1972 - Brian McComas was born. Country music singer.
- 1974 - Ken Jennings was born. American game show contestant who won Jeopardy!
- 1974 - Jewel was born. American singer.
- 1974 - Monica Naranjo was born. Spanish singer.
- 1974 - Matt Hindle was born. Canadian bobsledder
- 1974 - Charlie Yeung was born. Hong Kong actress and singer.
- 1975 - Kim Sung-soo was born. South Korean actor.
- 1975 - Moms Mabley dies (b. 1895). American comedienne.
- 1976 - Kelly Monaco was born. American actress.
- 1976 - Ricardinho was born. Brazilian footballer.
- 1977 - Two terrorist actions unfold in The Netherlands: Several dozen hostages are taken on board a train, and about 100 others (mostly children) are held at a Dutch school. The train seige lasts until June 11.
- 1977 - Ilia Kulik was born. Russian figure skater
- 1978 - Mike González was born. American baseball player
- 1978 - Carolyn Moos was born. American model and professional basketball player.
- 1978 - Scott Raynor was born. American drummer (fornerly of Blink-182).
- 1979 - Brian Campbell was born. Canadian Hockey Player currently with the Buffalo Sabres
- 1979 - Kirk Saarloos was born. American baseball player
- 1979 - Rasual Butler was born. American basketball player
- 1980 - South African troops in Namibia kill 81 black nationalist guerrillas.
- 1980 - Theofanis Gekas was born. Greek footballer.
- 1981 - Gwenno Saunders was born. Former Welsh dancer, now singer with The Pipettes
- 1981 - George Jessel dies (b. 1898). American actor.
- 1981 - David Lewis dies (b. 1909). Canadian labour lawyer and politician.
- 1981 - Gene Green dies (b. 1933). American baseball player.
- 1981 - Rayner Heppenstall dies (b. 1911). English novelist.
- 1982 - Malene Mortensen was born. Danish singer.
- 1982 - Cyrill Gloor was born. Swiss footballer.
- 1982 - Tristan Prettyman was born. American musician.
- 1983 - In response to a car bomb attack in Pretoria which killed 18 people, the South African air force bombs ANC bases in a Maputo suburb, Mozambique.
- 1984 - Adam Wylie was born. American actor.
- 1985 - U.S. engineer Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
- 1985 - Daniel Rogers was born. British athlete.
- 1985 - Ross Wallace was born. Scottish footballer.
- 1986 - The US expels the South African military attaché in response to raids by South African forces into Botswana, Zambia, and Zimbabwe on 19 May.
- 1986 - Ruben Zadkovich was born. Australian footballer.
- 1986 - Sterling Hayden dies (b. 1916). American actor.
- 1988 - Morgan Pressel was born. American golfer.
- 1989 - Georgy Tovstonogov dies (b. 1915). Russian theatre director.
- 1991 - Em Bruxelas, Vergílio Ferreira, escritor português, recebe o prémio Europália 91.
- 1991 - Wilhelm Kempff dies (b. 1895). German pianist and composer.
- 1992 - Giovanni Falcone dies assassinated (b. 1939). Italian judge, anti-Mafia prosecutor.
- 1993 - Shizuka Umemoto was born. Japanese child model.
- 1994 - "Pulp Fiction" by American director Quentin Tarantino won the Golden Palm for best film at the 47th Cannes Film Festival.
- 1994 - Ray Candy dies (b. 1951). American professional wrestler.
- 1995 - Official announcement of the Java programming language.
- 1995 - In England, 12 members of a Royal British Legion tour party on a day trip are killed when their coach plunges down an embankment on the M4 near the Severn Bridge.
- 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: In Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, what remains of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building is imploded.
- 1996 - Patrick Cargill dies (b. 1918). English actor.
- 1997 - Mohammad Khatami is elected as President of Iran.
- 1998 - The Good Friday Agreement is accepted in a referendum, with a high margin of three-fourth 'yes' votes to Northern Ireland.
- 1999 - In Kansas City, Missouri, Owen Hart (playing The Blue Blazer) falls 90 feet to his death while being lowered into a World Wrestling Federation ring.
- 1999 - At Cannes the Belgian film "Rosetta" by Luc and Jean-Pierre Dardenne won the Golden Palm Award at the 52nd Cannes Film Festival. The Russian film 'Moloch" won for best screenplay and "Humanity" by Frenchman Bruno Dumont won the runner-up Grand Jury Prize. The Jury Prize went to "The Letter" by Portuguese director Manoel de Oliveira.
- 1999 - Owen Hart dies (b. 1965). Canadian professional wrestler.
- 1999 - In Germany Johannes Rau, a prominent Social Democrat, was elected president by the 1,338 member federal assembly with a 690 majority.
- 2001 - Bayern Munchen wins the UEFA Champions League
- 2002 - The "55 parties" clause of the Kyoto protocol is reached after its ratification by Iceland.
- 2002 - Sam Snead dies (b. 1912). American golfer.
- 2002 - The "55 parties" clause of the Kyoto protocol is reached after its ratification by Iceland.
- 2002 - Morte do padre e filósofo brasileiro Henrique Cláudio de Lima Vaz
- 2003 - 25-year-old Nepalese Sherpa, Pemba Dorjie Sherpa, makes the fastest-ever ascent of Mount Everest, in 12 hours 45 minutes. This is broken by his rival Sherpa Lakpa Gelu only three days later.
- 2003 - 25-year-old Nepalese Sherpa, Pemba Dorjie Sherpa, makes the fastest-ever ascent of Mount Everest, in 12 hours 45 minutes. This is broken by his rival Sherpa Lakpa Gelu only three days later.
- 2003 - The first deer clone ever was born. A white-tailed deer named "Dewey," the clone was created by researchers at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Texas A&M University.
- 2003 - Jean Yanne dies (b. 1933). French actor and director.
- 2004 - Last day of the fourth European Festival of Youth Choirs (EJCF).
- 2004 - Part of Paris Charles De Gaulle International Airport Terminal 2E collapses, killing five people and injuring three others.
- 2004 - In eastern Bangladesh 2 river ferries carrying about 250 passengers capsized during a storm, and dozens of people were feared dead. The death toll climbed to 74.
- 2004 - Ramon Margalef dies (b. 1919). Spanish scientist.
- 2006 - Lloyd Bentsen dies (b. 1921). American politician.
- 2006 - Kazimierz Górski dies (b. 1921). Polish footballer.
- 2006 - Frits Bernard dies (b. 1920). American activist.
- 2006 - Clifford Antone dies (b. 1949). American businessman.
- 2007 - Parliament of Finland celebrated its 100th anniversary plenary session, with President Tarja Halonen and veterans in attendance.
- Bahá'í Faith: Declaration of the Báb
- Discordianism: Day of Disunity
- Municipal holyday in Portalegre (Portugal) / Portugal : Feriado Municipal de Portalegre.
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