On this day in History - Feb. 12
- 0055 - Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Emperorship, dies under mysterious circumstances in Rome. This clears the way for Nero to become Emperor.
- 1074 - Conrad was born (d. 1101). King of Germany and Italy.
- 1218 - Kujo Yoritsune was born (d. 1256). Japanese shogun
- 1354 - Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
- 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Comte de Clermont and John Stuart in the Battle of Rouvray (also known as the Battle of the Herrings).
- 1538 - Albrecht Altdorfer dies. German painter
- 1541 - Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia.
- 1554 - A year after claiming the throne of England for nine days, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason.
- 1554 - Lord Guilford Dudley dies executed (b. 1536). Consort of Lady Jane Grey
- 1554 - Lady Jane Grey dies executed (b. 1537). Claimant to the throne of England
- 1567 - Thomas Campion was born (d. 1620). English composer and poet
- 1571 - Nicholas Throckmorton dies (b. 1515). English diplomat and politician.
- 1590 - François Hotman dies (b. 1524). French lawyer and writer.
- 1595 - Archduke Ernest of Austria dies (b. 1553). Governor of the Spanish Netherlands.
- 1606 - John Winthrop, the Younger was born (d. 1676). Governor of Connecticut.
- 1612 - Christopher Clavius dies (b. 1538). German astronomer.
- 1624 - George Heriot dies (b. 1563). Scottish goldsmith and philanthropist.
- 1630 - Fynes Moryson dies (b. 1566). English traveler and writer.
- 1637 - Jan Swammerdam was born (d. 1680). Dutch scientist.
- 1663 - Cotton Mather was born (d. 1728). New England minister.
- 1665 - Rudolf Jakob Camerarius was born (d. 1721). German botanist and physician.
- 1689 - The Convention Parliament convenes and declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II, the last Catholic British monarch, constitutes an abdication.
- 1700 - Aleksei Shein dies (b. 1662). Russian general and statesman.
- 1704 - Charles Pinot Duclos was born (d. 1772). French writer.
- 1719 - The Onderlinge van 1719 u.a., the oldest existing life insurance company in the Netherlands is founded.
- 1724 - Elkanah Settle dies (b. 1648). English writer.
- 1728 - Étienne-Louis Boullée was born (d. 1799). French architect
- 1728 - Agostino Steffani dies (b. 1653). Italian diplomat and composer
- 1733 - Englishman James Oglethorpe founds the 13th and final American colony of Georgia, and its first city at Savannah.
- 1753 - François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers was born (d. 1798). French admiral
- 1762 - Laurent Belissen dies (b. 1693). French composer.
- 1763 - Pierre de Marivaux dies (b. 1688). French writer.
- 1768 - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor was born (d. 1835)
- 1771 - Gustav III becomes the King of Sweden when his father Adolf Frederick "[eats] himself to death".
- 1771 - King Adolf Frederick of Sweden dies (b. 1710).
- 1775 - Louisa Adams was born (d. 1852). First Lady of the United States, wife of John Quincy Adams.
- 1777 - Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué was born (d. 1843). French poet.
- 1785 - Pierre Louis Dulong was born (d. 1838). French physicist.
- 1788 - Carl Reichenbach was born (d. 1869). German chemist and philosopher
- 1789 - Ethan Allen dies (b. 1738). American patriot.
- 1791 - Peter Cooper was born (d. 1883). American Industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.
- 1794 - Alexander Petrov was born (d. 1867). Russian chess player.
- 1799 - Lazzaro Spallanzani dies (b. 1729). Italian biologist.
- 1804 - Heinrich Lenz was born (d. 1865). German physicist.
- 1804 - Immanuel Kant dies (b. 1724). German philosopher.
- 1809 - Charles Darwin was born (d. 1882). English naturalist.
- 1809 - Abraham Lincoln was born (d. 1865). 16th President of the United States
- 1817 - Argentine/Chilean patriotic army, after crossing the Andes, defeat Spanish troops on the batte of Chacabuco.
- 1818 - Otto Ludwig was born. German writer
- 1825 - The Creek cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government, and migrate west.
- 1828 - George Meredith was born (d. 1909). English writer.
- 1832 - Ecuador annexes the Galápagos Islands.
- 1855 - Michigan State University was established.
- 1857 - Bobby Peel was born (d. 1943). English cricketer.
- 1861 - Lou Andreas-Salome was born (d. 1937). Russian-born author.
- 1865 - Kazimierz Tetmajer was born (d. 1940). Polish poet and writer.
- 1870 - Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory.
- 1876 - Thubten Gyatso was born (d. 1933).13th Dalai Lama
- 1879 - At New York City's Madison Square Garden the first artificial ice rink in North America opens.
- 1880 - John L. Lewis was born (d. 1969). American labor union leader.
- 1881 - Anna Pavlova was born (d. 1950). Russian ballerina.
- 1884 - Johan Laidoner was born (d. 1953). Estonian military commander.
- 1884 - Max Beckmann was born (d. 1950). German painter and graphic artist.
- 1884 - Marie Vassilieff was born (d. 1957). Russian artist.
- 1885 - Julius Streicher was born (d. 1946). Nazi German publisher.
- 1893 - Omar Bradley was born (d. 1981). American general.
- 1893 - Francisco Rolão Preto was born in Gavião (1977). Portuguese Integralist
- 1894 - Hans von Bülow dies (b. 1830). German pianist, conductor and composer.
- 1896 - Ambroise Thomas dies (b. 1811). French opera composer.
- 1897 - Vola Vale was born (d. 1970). American actress.
- 1898 - Wallace Ford was born (d. 1966). English actor.
- 1900 - Roger J. Traynor was born (d. 1980). American judge.
- 1902 - William Collier was born (d. 1987). American stage and film actor.
- 1903 - Chick Hafey was born (d. 1973). Baseball player.
- 1903 - Joseph F. Biroc was born. American cinematographer.
- 1903 - Gaspar Nunez de Arce dies (b. 1834). Spanish poet, dramatist and statesman.
- 1904 - Ted Mack was born (d. 1976). American television host.
- 1907 - Raimundo de Magalhães Júnior was born in Ubajara, Ceará (d. 12 Dec. 1981). Brazilian journalist and biographer.
- 1908 - Jacques Herbrand was born (d. 1931). French logician and mathematician.
- 1908 - August Neo was born (d. 1982). Estonian wrestler.
- 1908 - Jean Effel was born (d. 1982). French painter and journalist.
- 1909 - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.
- 1911 - Stephen H. Sholes was born (d. 1968). American recording executive
- 1912 - Republic of China adopts the Gregorian calendar.
- 1912 - R. F. Delderfield was born (d. 1972). English author.
- 1914 - In Washington, DC, the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
- 1914 - Tex Beneke was born (d. 2000). American musician and band leader.
- 1914 - Arvid Pardo was born (d. 1999). Maltese diplomat, a.k.a "Father of the Law of the Sea Conference".
- 1915 - Lorne Greene was born (d. 1987). American actor.
- 1915 - Émile Wauldteufel dies (b. 1837). French composer.
- 1916 - Joseph Alioto was born (d. 1998). Mayor of San Francisco.
- 1916 - Richard Dedekind dies (b. 1831). German mathematician.
- 1917 - Raizo Matsuno was born (d. 2006). Japanese politician.
- 1918 - Julian Schwinger was born (d. 1994). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1919 - Forrest Tucker was born (d. 1986). American actor.
- 1920 - Pran was born. Indian actor.
- 1920 - William Roscoe Estep was born (d. 2000). Baptist historian and professor
- 1923 - Franco Zeffirelli was born. Italian film and opera director and designer
- 1923 - Chaskel Besser was born. Orthodox rabbi.
- 1924 - Premiere of George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman's Palais Royal Orchestra in Aeolian Hall in New York City
- 1924 - Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio.
- 1925 - Sir Anthony Berry was born (d. 1984). British politician.
- 1926 - Joe Garagiola was born. Baseball player
- 1926 - Paul Kurtz was born. American philosopher
- 1926 - Charles Van Doren was born. American quiz show contestant.
- 1929 - Nuno de Bragança was born. Portuguese writer.
- 1929 - Lillie Langtry dies (b. 1853). British singer and actress.
- 1930 - Arlen Specter was born. U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
- 1931 - Janwillem van de Wetering born. Dutch author.
- 1931 - Samedbey Mehmandarov dies (b. 1855). Russian general.
- 1932 - Axel Jensen was born (d. 2003). Norwegian author
- 1932 - Julian Lincoln Simon was born (d. 2003). American economist and author.
- 1933 - Costa-Gavras was born (d. 1998). Greek-born director and writer
- 1933 - Henri Duparc dies (b. 1848). French composer.
- 1934 - The Austrian Civil War begins.
- 1934 - The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.
- 1934 - In Spain the national council of Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista is inaugurated. The council decides to merge the movement with the Falange Española.
- 1934 - Anne Krueger was born. American economist
- 1934 - Bill Russell was born. American basketball player
- 1934 - Annette Crosbie was born. Scottish actress
- 1935 - Gene McDaniels was born. American singer
- 1935 - Auguste Escoffier dies (b. 1846). French chef.
- 1936 - Joe Don Baker was born. American actor
- 1936 - Paul Shenar was born. American actor
- 1937 - Charles Dumas was born. American athlete
- 1938 - Judy Blume was born. American author
- 1938 - Johnny Rutherford was born. American race car driver
- 1938 - Martinho da Vila was born. Brazilian singer and sambist.
- 1938 - Peter Temple-Morris, Baron Temple-Morris was born. British politician
- 1939 - Ray Manzarek was born. American keyboardist (The Doors)
- 1940 - Richard Lynch was born. American actor.
- 1941 - Naomi Uemura was born. Japanese adventurer.
- 1942 - Pat Dobson was born (d. 2006). Major League Baseball pitcher.
- 1942 - Ehud Barak was born. Prime Minister of Israel
- 1944 - Moe Bandy was born. American singer
- 1945 - Maud Adams was born. Swedish actress
- 1945 - Cliff DeYoung was born. American actor and musician
- 1946 - Operation Deadlight ends after scuttling 121 of 154 captured U-boats.
- 1946 - Cliff DeYoung was born. American actor and musician
- 1946 - Jean Eyeghe Ndong was born. Prime Minister of Gabon
- 1946 - Ajda Pekkan was born. Turkish singer
- 1947 - New Look launched by Christian Dior
- 1947 - Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale was born (d. 1984). Indian leader of Damdami Taksal.
- 1948 - Mike Robitaille, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1948 - Raymond Kurzweil was born. American inventor and author.
- 1949 - Joaquin Sabina was born. Spanish singer and ongwriter
- 1949 - Imam Hassan al Banna dies (b. 1906). Egyptian founder of the Muslim Brotherhood
- 1950 - Michael Ironside was born. Canadian actor
- 1950 - Steve Hackett was born. British musician (Genesis)
- 1951 - Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari marries the Shah of Iran Reza Pahlavi at Golestan Palace in Teheran at age of 17.
- 1951 - Steven Parent was born (d. 1969). Manson murder victim.
- 1951 - Choudhary Rehmat Ali dies (b. 1897). Pakistani nationalist.
- 1952 - Michael McDonald was born. American musician.
- 1952 - Simon MacCorkindale was born. British actor.
- 1953 - Nabil Shaban was born. British actor.
- 1953 - Robin Thomas was born. American actor.
- 1954 - Philip Zimmermann was born. Cryptographer.
- 1954 - Tzimis Panousis was born. Greek musician and stand-up comedian.
- 1954 - Dziga Vertov dies (b. 1896). Russian filmmaker.
- 1955 - Arsenio Hall was born. American actor and talk show host.
- 1955 - Bill Laswell was born. American bassist and record producer.
- 1955 - Chet Lemon was born. American baseball player.
- 1957 - Eric Alfred Knudsen dies (b. 1872). American folklorist.
- 1958 - Bobby Smith was born. Canadian hockey player.
- 1958 - Grant McLennan was born. Australian musician (The Go-Betweens)
- 1958 - Steve Grand was born. English computer scientist.
- 1958 - Douglas Hartree dies (b. 1897). English mathematical physicist.
- 1959 - Sigrid Thornton was born. Australian actress.
- 1961 - Jim Harris was born. Canadian polititian.
- 1962 - Jimmy Kirkwood was born. Irish-born field hockey player.
- 1963 - Ed Lover was born. American radio personality.
- 1965 - Severino de Andrade Silva (Zé da Luz) dies (b. 1904). Brazilian poet.
- 1966 - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, announced famous Six Points in Karachi as election Manifesto of Awami League that later led to formation of Bangladesh.
- 1967 - Chris McKinstry was born. Canadian computer scientist
- 1967 - Chitravina N. Ravikiran was born. Indian composer and musician
- 1968 - Grégory Charles was born. French Canadian singer, dancer, pianist, radio and television host.
- 1968 - Josh Brolin was born. American actor
- 1968 - Christopher McCandless was born (d. 1992). American nomad, subject of biography Into the Wild
- 1968 - Chynna Phillips was born. American singer
- 1969 - Darren Aronofsky was born. American director and writer
- 1969 - Meja was born. Swedish singer
- 1969 - Hong Myung-Bo was born. Korean footballer
- 1969 - Brad Werenka was born. Professional ice hockey player
- 1969 - António Sérgio dies. Portuguese essayst and thinker.
- 1970 - Jim Creeggan was born. Canadian bassist (Barenaked Ladies)
- 1970 - Judd Winick was born. Writer and artist
- 1971 - James C. Penney dies (b. 1875). American department store founder.
- 1972 - Ajay Naidu was born. Indian-American actor
- 1972 - Owen Nolan was born. National Hockey League player
- 1973 - Ohio becomes the first U.S. state to post distance in SI units on signs.
- 1973 - Vietnam War: The first United States prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong.
- 1973 - Gianni Romme was born. Dutch speed skater.
- 1973 - Kath Soucie was born. American voice actress.
- 1973 - Tara Strong was born. Canadian-born American voice actress
- 1974 - Toranosuke Takagi was born. Japanese race car driver.
- 1976 - Anna Benson was born. American model
- 1976 - Christian Cullen was born. New Zealand rugby player
- 1976 - Silvia Saint was born. Czech pornographic actress
- 1976 - Sal Mineo dies (b. 1939). American actor.
- 1978 - Brett Hodgson was born. Australian rugby league footballer.
- 1978 - Gethin Jones was born. Welsh television presenter.
- 1978 - Silver Meikar was born. Estonian politician.
- 1979 - Antonio Chatman was born. National Football League runningback.
- 1979 - Jesse Spencer was born. Australian actor.
- 1979 - Matt Mauck was born. American football player.
- 1979 - Jean Renoir dies (b. 1894). French director.
- 1980 - Juan Carlos Ferrero was born. Spanish tennis player.
- 1980 - Christina Ricci was born. American actress.
- 1980 - Muriel Rukeyser dies (b. 1913). American poet.
- 1982 - Onil Joseph was born. Dominican Republic Major League Baseball player.
- 1982 - Louis Tsatoumas was born. Greek long jumper.
- 1982 - Victor Jory dies (b. 1902). Canadian actor.
- 1982 - Marisa Prado dies (b. 1930). Brazilian actress.
- 1983 - Carlton Brewster was born. National Football League player.
- 1983 - Eubie Blake dies. American musician and songwriter.
- 1984 - Peter Vanderkaay was born. American mid-distance swimmer.
- 1984 - Julio Cortazar dies (b. 1914). Argentine writer.
- 1985 - Nicholas Colasanto dies (b. 1924). American actor.
- 1989 - Thomas Bernhard dies (b. 1931). Austrian playwright and novelist.
- 1991 - Faisal ibn Hamad Al Khalifah was born (d. 2006). Prince of Bahrain.
- 1991 - Roger Patterson dies (b. 1968). American death metal bass player.
- 1992 - Mongolia flag is adopted.
- 1992 - Bep van Klaveren dies (b. 1907). Dutch boxer.
- 1992 - María Elena Moyano dies (b. 1960). Peruvian activist.
- 1993 - Jennifer Stone was born. American actress.
- 1993 - James Bulger dies (b. 1990). English murder victim.
- 1994 - Sue Rodriguez dies (b. 1950). Canadian assisted suicide advocate.
- 1995 - Robert Bolt dies (b. 1924). English writer.
- 1995 - Philip Taylor Kramer dies (b. 1952). American musician (Iron Butterfly)
- 1996 - Bob Shaw dies (b. 1931). Northern Irish science fiction writer.
- 1997 - Hwang Jang-yop, secretary in the Workers' Party of Korea and a prime architect of North Korea's Juche doctrine, defects at the South Korean embassy in Beijing along with his aide, Kim Dok-hong.
- 2000 - Screamin' Jay Hawkins dies (b. 1929). American musician.
- 2000 - Tom Landry dies (b. 1924). American football coach.
- 2000 - Charles Schulz dies (b. 1922). American comics author.
- 2000 - Oliver dies (b. 1945). American pop singer.
- 2001 - NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft touchdown in the "saddle" region of 433 Eros becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid.
- 2001 - Kristina Söderbaum dies (b. 1912). German actress.
- 2002 - The trial of former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milosevic begins at the United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague.
- 2002 - An Iran Air Tupolev Tu-154 crashes prior to landing in Khorramabad, Iran, killing 119.
- 2002 - US Secretary of Energy makes the decision that Yucca Mountain is suitable to be the United States' nuclear waste repository.
- 2002 - José Travassos dies (b. 1922). Portuguese footballer, one of the five violines, of Sporting Clube de Portugal.
- 2003 - Vali Myers dies (b. 1930). Australian painter.
- 2004 - On National Freedom to Marry Day, two days after Mayor Gavin Newsom of San Francisco, California, issued a directive to the county clerk, the City and County of San Franciso begins issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
- 2005 - Former Vermont governor and presidential candidate Howard Dean becomes chairman of the Democratic National Committee.
- 2005 - Brian Kelly dies (b. 1932). American actor.
- 2005 - Rafael Vidal dies (b. 1964). Venezuelan athlete.
- 2005 - Sammi Smith dies (b. 1943). American country music singer.
- 2006 - Presidential elections in Cape Vert / Eleições presidenciais em Cabo Verde.
- 2006 - A powerful Nor'easter Winter Storm blankets the Northeastern United States dumping 1 to 2 feet of snow from Washington DC up to Boston, Massachusetts. The storm dumped a record 26.9 inches of snow in New York City.
- 2006 - Second Sydney Body Art Ride breaks World record for the largest ever group of painted people and raises over $10,000 for Children's Cancer Research.
- 2007 - A gunman opens fire in a mall in Salt Lake City, killing 5 people in the Trolley Square shooting.
- 2007 - Peggy Gilbert dies (b. 1905). American jazz saxophonist and bandleader.
- 2007 - Randy Stone dies (b. 1958). American actor and casting director.
- United States - Lincoln's Birthday (traditionally).
- National Freedom to Marry Day (unofficial).
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