- 0475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople.
- 1282 - Abû 'Uthmân Saîd Hakam al Qurashi dies (b. 1204). Ruler of Minorca.
- 1283 - Wen Tianxiang dies executed (b. 1236). Prime Minister of China.
- 1349 - The Jewish population of Basel, Switzerland, is rounded up and incinerated, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing bubonic plague.
1431 - Trial of
Joan of Arc began in
Rouen, the seat of the English occupation government.
1522 - Adriano de Utrech es elegido Papa, será el último no italiano hasta Juan Pablo II.
1539 - Francisco Pizarro funda la ciudad peruana de Ayacucho, con el nombre de San Juan de la Frontera.
1643 - Giovanni Riccioli first reported the
phenomenon known as the Ashen Light of Venus .
1693 - Un terremoto destruye en Sicilia 60 pueblos y aldeas, lo que causó la muerte de más de 50.000 personas.
1753 -
Luísa Todi was born. Portuguese lyric singer.
1757 -
Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle, sieur de Fontenelle, dies (b. 11 Feb 1657). French scientist and author, whose Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds (1686), was one of the first
works to present science for the lay reader.
- 1768 - Philip Astley stages the first modern circus (London).
- 1773 - Cassandra Austen was born (d. 1845). English watercolorist and sister of Jane Austen
- 1788 - Connecticut became the fifth state in the United States.
1822 - The Portuguese prince
Pedro I of Brazil decides to stay in
Brazil against the orders of the Portuguese king
João VI, starting the Brazilian independence process. / Os membros do Senado da Câmara do Rio de Janeiro pediram a D. Pedro para não deixar o Brasil. O infante D. Pedro, chamado a Portugal pelas Cortes, decidiu ficar no Brasil, dando origem ao «Dia do Fico».
1823 - Friedrich von Esmarch was born (d. 1908). German
surgeon who was the first to introduce a first-aid kit and
triage on the battlefield. He introduced first aid training for both military and civilian personnel.
1839 - Thomas Henderson measured the first stellar parallax: Alpha Centauri.
1843 - William Hedley dies (b. 13 July 1779) English coal-mine manager who was a pioneer in the building and design of steam locomotives successfully using a simple friction adhesion between wheels and rails instead of geared track;
1848 -
Caroline Herschel dies (b. 16 Mar 1750). German-born British
astronomer, sister of Sir William Herschel, who assisted in his astronomical researches making calculations associated with his studies. In her own telescope observations, she found three nebulae (1783) and eight comets (1786-97).
- 1854 - Jennie Jerome was born (d. 1921). American society beauty.
- 1856 - Anton Aškerc was born (d. 1912). Slovenian priest and poet.
- 1857 - The Fort Tejon earthquake of California occurs, registering an estimated magnitude of 7.9.
- 1858 - Anson Jones commits suicide (b. 1798). 5th and last President of the Republic of Texas, commits suicide.
- 1859 - Carrie Chapman Catt was born. Suffragist .
1861 -
Mississippi became the second state to secede from the Union.
1863 - Se inaugura el Metro de Londres, primer ferrocarril subterráneo del mundo, de 7 kilómetros de longitud.
1869 - Richard Wilhelm Heinrich Abegg was born (d. 1910). German physical
chemist who, with Boländer proposed a theory of valency (1899) to explain the capacity of an atom to combine with another atom in light of the newly discovered presence of electrons within the atom.
1870 - Amadeus William Grabau, was born [d. 1946]; American geologist and paleontologist, known for his work on world stratigraphic deposits and the deciphering of Earth history.
- 1872 - Brasil y Paraguay firman la paz.
1878 - John Broadus Watson was born (d. 1958). American
psychologist whose ideas
initiated behaviorism as a branch of psychology. Inspired by the recent work of Ivan Pavlov, he studied the biology, physiology, and behavior of animals.
1886 - Edwin Ray Guthrie was born (d. 1959). American
psychologist whose work dealt with the psychology of learning and the role association plays. ( Law of Contiguity) .
1892 -
Eva Bowring was born (d. 1985). American politician.
1895 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison dies (b. 6 Mar 1812). American
watchmaker who is known as "the father of American watchmaking." He was the first person to apply the interchangeable system to the
manufacture of watches (1850).
1897 -
Karl Löwith was born (d. 1973). German philosopher.
1898 -
Vilma Bánky was born (d. 1991). Hungarian actress.
1900 - First railway train runs on the Cairo to Khartoum line through the Sudan.
1900 - Joseph Frederick Wagner was born. composer.
- 1901 - Chic Young was born (d. 1973). American cartoonist.
- 1901 - Richard Copley Christie dies (b. 1830). English scholar.
- 1902 - Rudolph Bing was born (d. 1997). Austrian-born opera manager.
- 1902 - Josemaría Escrivá was born (d. 1975). Spanish religious author.
- 1903 - Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the famous poet Alfred Tennyson, became the second Governor-General of Australia .
- 1903 - Hem Vejakorn was born (d. 1969). Thai illustrator.
- 1904 - George Balanchine was born (d. 1983). Russian dancer/choreographer.
- 1905 - According to the Julian Calendar which was used at the time, Russian workers stage a march on the Winter Palace that ends in the massacre by Czarist troops known as Bloody Sunday, setting off the Russian Revolution of 1905.
1912 -
Ralph Tubbs was born (d. 1996). British architect.
1913 -
Richard Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California (d. 1994). 37th United States President.
1917 -
Otto Glória was born. Brazilian football manager.
1921 -
Lister Sinclair was born (d. 2006). Canadian broadcaster and playwright.
1922 -
Har Gobind Khorana was born. Indian-born American
biochemist who (with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley)
shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.
1928 - Sandino proclama en Nicaragua la república de Nueva Segovia, a cuya capital llamaría Ciudad Sandino.
1934 -
Bart Starr was born. American football player
1935 -
Bob Denver was born (d. 2005). American actor.
1937 - The first issue of
Look magazine goes on sale in the United States.
1937 - Racially mixed marriages are banned by Italy in its North African colonies.
1939 - A Líbia é incorporada ao território da Itália.
1940 -
Jimmy Boyd was born. American actor and singer
1941 -
Joan Baez was born. American singer and activist
1942 -
K Callan was born. American actress
1949 - Five RAF reconnaissance planes are shot down by Israeli fighters over Egypt.
1950 -
Rio Reiser was born (d. 1996). German singer.
1951 -
M.L. Carr was born. Basketball player and coach
1958 - Willis Rodney Whitney dies (b. 1868). American
chemist and research director who founded the General Electric Company's research laboratory and directed pioneering work there .
1965 -
Darren Bennett was born. Australian-born American football player
1965 -
Iain Dowie was born. English football manager
1969 - El Concorde hace su primer vuelo de prueba.
1972 -
Ted Shawn dies (b. 1891). American dancer.
1976 - Rupert Wildt dies (b. 1905). German-American astronomer who studied atmospheres of planets. He
identified (1932) certain absorption bands (observed by
Slipher) in the
spectra of Jupiter and the outer
planets as indicative of ammonia and methane as minor components of these planets which are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.
1979 - Pier Luigi Nervi dies (b. 1891). Italian
engineer and
architect who gained international recognition for his dramatic designs for large-span
structures made possible with the use of reinforced concrete.
1980 - Na Arábia Saudita, 63 muçulmanos fanáticos são decapitados por terem sitiado a Grande Mesquita de Meca em novembro de 1979.
- 1986 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the instant camera business.
- 1987 - Paolo Nutini was born.British Singer/Songwriter
- 1987 - Pablo Santos was born (d. 2006). Mexican actor-
- 1987 - Marion Hutton dies (b. 1919). American singer.
- 1987 - Arthur Lake dies (b. 1905). American actor.
- 1988 - Científicos del Instituto Whitehead, de Boston, logran aislar el gen (TDF) responsable del sexo humano y localizado en el cromosoma "Y", que está presente sólo en los hombres.
- 1989 - The Sega Genesis is released in New York, New York and Los Angeles, California.
- 1989 - Michaella Krajicek was born. Dutch tennis player
- 1989 - Bill Terry dies (b. 1898). Baseball player.
- 1990 - Spud Chandler dies (b. 1907). Baseball player.
- 1991 - The Soviets storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence.
- 1992 - The Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is established
- 1992 - Bill Naughton dies (b. 1910). British playwright.
- 1992 - Steve Brodie dies (b. 1919). American actor.
- 1993 - Svetoslav Roerich dies (b. 1904). Russian painter.
- 1994 - Johnny Temple dies (b. 1927). Baseball player.
- 1995 - Valeri Poliakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir space station, breaking a duration record.
- 1995 - Peter Cook dies (b. 1937). British actor, satirist, writer, and comedian.
- 1995 - Souphanouvong dies (b. 1909). President of Laos.
- 1996 - Sun Microsystems announced the formation of JavaSoft.
- 1997 - A Comair Embraer 120 crashes during approach into Detroit Metro. Airport killing 29.
- 1997 - Edward Osobka-Morawski dies (b. 1909). Prime Minister of Poland
- 1997 - Jesse White dies (b. 1917). American actor.
- 1998 - Kenichi Fukui dies (b. 1918). Japanese chemist who shared the 1981 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Roald Hoffmann for investigation of the mechanisms of chemical reactions. In 1952, at Kyoto University, Fukui introduced his "frontier orbital theory of reactions.
- 1998 - two teams of international collaborations of scientists announced the discovery that galaxies are accelerating, flying apart at ever faster speeds, by observing distant, ancient exploding stars .
- 2000 - O presidente do Uzbequistão, Islam Karimov, é reeleito com 91,9% dos votos.
- 2000 - Nigel Tranter dies (b. 1909). Scottish historian and author.
- 2001 - Maurice Prather dies (b. 1926). American motion picture and still photographer.
- 2002 - The United States Department of Justice announces it is going to pursue a criminal investigation of Enron.
- 2003 - Peter Tinnswood died at age 66 . British TV comedy writer Peter Tinniswood wrote for numerous British TV series during his 40-year career.
- 2003 - Will McDonough dies (b. 1935). American sports journalist.
- 2005 - Elections are held to replace Yasser Arafat as head of the Palestine Liberation Organization. He is succeeded by Rawhi Fattouh.
- 2005 - The signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, commonly known as the Naivasha Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement rebel group in Naivasha, Kenya
- 2005 - Gonzalo Gavira dies (b. 1925). Mexican film sound technician.
- 2006 - The Phantom of the Opera surpasses the record set by Cats for the title of longest running show on Broadway.
- 2006 - The first The Howard Stern Show via Sirius Satellite Radio is broadcast.
- 2006 - Andy Caldecott dies during during the 9th stage (Dakar Rally) (b. 1964). Australian KTM motorcyclist
- 2006 - Mikk Mikiver dies (b. 1937). Estonian actor, director.
- 2007 - An AerianTur-M Antonov An-26 crashes in Balad, Iraq. The Islamic Army in Iraq claims to have shot it down.
- 2007 - Elmer Symons dies (b. 1977). South African motorcycle racer.
- Brazil: Dia do Fico
- Martyrs' Day (Panama) commemorates the 1964 riots over sovereignty of the Panama Canal Zone
- Roman Catholic - Feast of Saint Adrian
- Eastern Orthodox - Feast of Saint Theophan the Recluse
- Black Nazarene feast in the Quiapo district, Manila, Philippines
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