On this day in History - Aug 2

• 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
• 216 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of Cannae - The Carthaginian army lead by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army under command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro / O chefe cartaginês Haníbal (247 a.C.-183 a.C.), tendo atravessado os Alpes, e invadido a Itália com o seu exército, derrota um exército romano em Cannae. Morreram 50.000 legionários, um consul, 29 tribunos e 80 senadores, naquele que foi o maior desastre militar da história de Roma.
• 0461 - Majorian resigns as Western Roman Emperor; shortly afterwards Libius Severus is declared western Roman emperor by Ricimer
• 0640 - Severinus dies. Italian Pope.
• 0686 - Pope John V dies.
• 0924 - Ælfweard of Essex dies
• 0932 - O califa omíada Abd al-Rahman III (891-961), fundador do Califado de Córdova, reocupou Toledo
• 1100 - King William (Rufus) II of England dies killed in New Forest, Hampshire (b.c. 1056) / Morre Guilherme II de Inglaterra, num alegado acidente de caça (n. cerca 1056)
• 1222 - Count Raymond VI of Toulouse dies (b. 1156)
• 1511 - Andrew Barton dies. Scottish naval leader
• 1533 - Theodor Zwinger was born (d. 1588). Swiss scholar.
• 1589 - King Henry III of France dies stabbed the previous day by Jacques Clement (b. 1551)
• 1610 - Henry Hudson sails into what it is now known as Hudson Bay, thinking he had made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean.
• 1611 - Kato Kiyomasa dies (b. 1562). Japanese daimyo and samurai.
• 1672 - Johann Jakob Scheuchzer was born (d. 1733). Swiss scholar.
• 1674 - Philip II, Duke of Orléans was born (d. 1723). Regent of France.
• 1675 - Inauguração da Sinagoga Portuguesa de Amsterdão.
• 1696 - Mahmud I was born (d. 1754). Ottoman Sultan.
• 1696 - Robert Campbell of Glenlyon dies (b. 1630). Scottish military commander at the Massacre of Glencoe.
• 1703 - Lorenzo Ricci was born (d. 1775). Italian Jesuit leader.
• 1754 - Pierre Charles L'Enfant was born (d. 1825). French-born architect, city planner.
• 1760 - Pope Leo XII was born.
• 1766 - Alvará, concedido a Augusto Ludovico Thymme, para a criação, em Lisboa, de uma fábrica de folhetas para a cravação de diamantes.
• 1769 - Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea dies (b. 1689). English politician.
• 1776 - Delegates to the Continental Congress begin to sign the Declaration_of Independence.
• 1776 - Louis François I, Prince of Conti dies (b. 1717). French military leader.
• 1788 - Leopold Gmelin was born (d. 1853). German chemist.
• 1788 - Thomas Gainsborough dies (b. 1727). English artist.
• 1790 - First US Census; records are missing for five states: Delaware, Georgia, Kentucky, New Jersey and Virginia. Destroyed somewhere between that date and 1830.
• 1798 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay) concludes in an English victory
• 1815 - Adolf Friedrich von Schack was born (d. 1894). German writer.
• 1815 - Guillaume Marie Anne Brune dies (b. 1763). French marshal.
• 1823 - Lazare Carnot dies (b. 1753). French general, politician, and mathematician.
• 1834 - Frédéric Bartholdi was born (d. 1904). French sculptor.
• 1835 - Elisha Gray was born (d. 1901). American inventor and founder of Western Electric.
• 1838 - Portugal: O chefe guerrilheiro miguelista José Joaquim de Sousa Reis, conhecido pelo Remexido, é fuzilado. Tinha sido preso em 28 de Julho
• 1849 - Mehemet Ali dies. Paella of Egypt.
• 1849 - Governor Muhammad Ali of Egypt dies (b. 1769).
• 1854 - Milan I was born. King of Serbia
• 1859 - Horace Mann dies (b. 1796). American educator and abolitionist.
• 1865 - Irving Babbitt was born (d. 1933). American literary critic.
• 1865 - John Radecki was born (d. 1955). Australian stained glass artist.
• 1868 - King Constantine I of Greece was born (d. 1923)
• 1869 - Japan's samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant class system is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese date: June 25, 1869).
• 1869 - Irving Babbitt, critic and teacher, leader of the movement in literary criticism known as New Humanism, is born in Dayton, Ohio. He will be educated at Harvard and the Sorbonne, and gather T. S. Eliot and George Santayana as followers.
• 1870 - Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London.
• 1871 - John French Sloan was born (d. 1951). American artist.
• 1872 - Manuel Pardo, founder of Partido Civilista, becomes President of Peru.
• 1875 - Mstislav Dobuzhinsky was born (d. 1957). Russian artist.
• 1876 - James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok dies (b. 1837). American gunfighter.
• 1878 - Georg Hackenschmidt was born (d. 1968). Estonian wrestler.
• 1879 - Félix Pacheco [José Félix Alves Pacheco] was born in Teresina (PI) (d. 6 Sep 1935). Brazilian poet, journalist and politician.
• 1880 - Mercedes Mota was born in San Francisco de Macorís (d. 12 Mar 1964). Dominican writer and educator.
• 1882 - Red Ames was born (d. 1936). Baseball player.
• 1884 - Rómulo Gallegos was born in Caracas. Venezuelan writer and politician. President (elected) of Venezuela (1949-1952). In 1958 was awarded with The Nacional Prize for Literature.
• 1889 - Eduardo Gutiérrez dies in Buenos Aires (b. 15 Jul 1851). Argentinian novelist ( "Juan Moreira" "Santos Vega", "Hormiga negra" y "Croquis y siluetas militares" ).
• 1890 - Marin Sais was born (d. 1971). American actress.
• 1890 - Louise-Victorine Ackermann dies (b. 1813). French poet
• 1891 - Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky was born (d. 1871). Russian literary historian, linguist.
• 1892 - Jack Warner was born (d. 1978). Canadian film producer.
• 1896 - Lorenzo Herrera was born (d. 1960). Venezuelan singer and composer.
• 1897 - Karl Otto Koch was born (d. 1945). German SS-officer.
• 1897 - Max Weber was born (d. 1974). Swiss Federal Councilor.
• 1899 - Charles Bennett was born (d. 1995). British screenwriter.
• 1900 - Helen Morgan was born (d. 1941). American actress.
• 1903 - Fall of the Ottoman Empire: Unsuccessful uprising of the Bulgarians against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden uprising.
• 1903 - Edmond Nocard dies (b. 1850). French veterinarian.
• 1905 - Karl Amadeus Hartmann was born (d. 1963). German composer.
• 1905 - Myrna Loy was born (d. 1993). American actress.
• 1905 - Rudolf Prack was born (d. 1981). Actor.
• 1907 - Mary Hamman was born (d. 1984). American writer.
• 1910 - Roger MacDougall was born on Glasgow (d. 1993). Scottish writer.
• 1912 - Vladimir Zerjavic was born (d. 2001). Croatian statistician.
• 1912 - Ann Dvorak was born (d. 1979). American actress.
• 1914 - Beatrice Straight was born (d. 2001). American actress.
• 1914 - Félix Leclerc was born (d. 1988). Quebec singer, songwriter and writer.
• 1914 - Beatrice Straight was born (d. 2001). American actress.
• 1914 - Junji Kinoshita, is born in Tokyo. Japanese playwright and leaderin the attempt to revitalize the post - Worl War II theater. Yuzuru (Twilight Crane, 1949) being an Kaeru Shoten ("Ascension of the Frog," 1951) and Shimpan (The Judgement, 1970).
• 1915 - Gary Merrill was born (d. 1990). American actor.
• 1916 - World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.
• 1918 - Japan announces that it is deploying troops to Siberia in the aftermath of World War I.
• 1920 - Ormer Locklear dies (b. 1891). American stunt pilot.
• 1921 - Enrico Caruso dies (b. 1873). Italian tenor.
• 1922 - Alexander Graham Bell dies in Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia (b. 3 Mar 1847). Scottish inventor of the telephone.
• 1923 - Warren G. Harding dies (b. 1865). 29th President of the United States
• 1924 - James Baldwin was born in Harlem Hospital, New York City (d. 1 Dec 1987). American author."The Fire the Next Time," "Go Tell it on the Mountain" and "Notes of a Native Son."
• 1924 - Carroll O'Connor was born (d. 2001). American actor
• 1925 - Jorge Rafael Videla was born. Argentinian dictator (1976-1981).
• 1925 - Alan Whicker was born. British journalist and broadcaster
• 1929 - Zeca Afonso was born in Aveiro (d. 23 Feb 1987). Portuguese composer and singer. /Nasce em Aveiro Zeca Afonso (José Manuel Cerqueira Afonso dos Santos) músico de intervenção (Grândola Vila Morena)
• 1930 - Vali Myers (artist) was born (d. 2003). Australian painter.
• 1931 - Einstein urges all scientists to refuse military work.
• 1931 - Pierre DuMaine was born. Catholic bishop
• 1932 - Lamar Hunt was born (d. 2006). American sports executive.
• 1932 - Peter O'Toole was born. Irish actor (Lord Jim, Beckett, Lawrence of Arabia )
• 1933 - Lorenzo Milam was born. Author and broadcaster.
• 1933 - Machel del Castillo is born in Madrid. He will become famous at 24 with the short novel, Tanguy (Child of Our Time), which, like The Diary of Anne Frank, told with the poignancy of a child's witness to cruel historical events, tells of his actual experiences as a political refugee and a prisoner in concentration camps.
• 1934 - Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany.
• 1934 - Valery Bykovsky was born. Soviet cosmonaut
• 1934 - Paul von Hindenburg dies (b. 1847). German general and politician. / O general Hindenbourg (1847-1934) , presidente em exercício da Alemanha, morre com 87 anos. Será substituído nas funções presidenciais por Adolf Hitler, enquanto Fuhrer da Alemanha.
• 1935 - Hank Cochran was born. American country music singer and songwriter
• 1936 - Louis Blériot dies (b. 1872). French aviation pioneer.
• 1937 - The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, essentially rendering marijuana and all its by-products illegal.
• 1937 - Garth Hudson was born. Canadian musician, organist/keyboardist with The Band
• 1938 - Pierre de Bané was born. French Canadian politician
• 1939 - Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt urging him to begin the Manhattan project to develop a nuclear weapon.
• 1939 - Wes Craven was born in Cleveland, Ohio. American film director (Nightmare on Elm Street, Scream ).
• 1939 - Harvey Spencer Lewis dies (b. 1883). American Rosacrucian mystic, founder of AMORC.
• 1941 - Doris Coley was born (d. 2000). American singer (Shirelles).
• 1942 - Isabel Allende was born in Lima, Peru. Niece of the former Chilean president Salvador Allende. Chilean author (La casa de los espíritus - The House of the Spirits )
• 1943 - World War II: PT-109 rammed by the Japanese destroyer Amagiri and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy saves all but two of his crew.
• 1943 - Max Wright was born. American actor
• 1943 - Tom Burgmeier was born. American baseball player
• 1944 - Beginning of the Treblinka uprising.
• 1944 - Jim Capaldi was born (d. 28 Jan 2005). British drummer, singer, and songwriter (Traffic)
• 1944 - Felix Nussbaum dies assassinated in Auschwitz . German painter
• 1944 - Nasce Altamiro Barbosa Machado (m. 2001). Professor catedrático e director do Departamento de Sistemas de Informação (DSI) da Escola de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho
• 1945 - World War II: Potsdam Conference, in which the Allied Powers discuss the future of defeated Germany, concludes.
• 1945 - Joanna Cassidy was born. American actress
• 1945 - Alex Jesaulenko was born. Australian footballer
• 1945 - Pietro Mascagni dies (b. 1863). Italian composer (Cavalleria Rusticana).
• 1947 - Maria de los Angeles Santamaria, “Massiel” was born. Spanish singer.
• 1947 - Tomás Berreta dies. Uruguay statesman.
• 1947 - Demite-se o Governo chileno: González Videla forma um novo com personalidades independentes.
• 1948 - Dennis Prager was born. Radio talk show host and author.
• 1948 - Andy Fairweather Low was born. British guitarist
• 1948 - Dennis Prager was born. American radio talk show host and author
• 1949 - James Fallows was born. American journalist
• 1950 - The New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures was published on Yankee Stadium, New York.
• 1950 - Lance Ito was born. American judge
• 1950 - Sue Rodriguez was born (d. 1994). Canadian assisted suicide advocate.
• 1951 - Andrew Gold was born. American musician and songwriter
• 1951 - Per Westerberg was born. Swedish politician
• 1953 - Butch Patrick was born. American actor
• 1953 - Marjo was born. Quebec singer
• 1954 - Sammy McIlroy was born. Northern Irish footballer and manager
• 1955 - Caleb Carr was born. American novelist and military historian
• 1955 - Velcro is patented.
• 1955 - Fray Justino Russolillo dies. Religious.
• 1956 - Isabel Pantoja was born. Spanish singer.
• 1956 - Fulvio Melia was born. Italian-American physicist/astrophysicist and author
• 1956 - Jim Neidhart was born. American professional wrestler
• 1957 - Mojo Nixon was born. American musician and actor
• 1957 - João Klèber was born. Brazilian TV presenter
• 1959 - Victoria Jackson was born. American comedian
• 1959 - Apollonia Kotero was born. American singer and actress
• 1960 - Neal Morse was born. American musician (Spock's Beard and Transatlantic)
• 1961 - Linda Fratianne was born. American figure skater
• 1963 - Oliver La Farge dies in Albuquerque, New Mexico (b. 19 Dec 1901). American anthropologist who wrote novels and nonfiction books covering Native American life, and also spoke for the American Indian through his political actions. Pulitzer Prize for Fiction 1930 for Laughing Boy; [Laughing Boy (1929, novel) The Sparks Fly Upward (1931, novel) Long Pennant (1933, novel) All the Young Men (1935, short stories) The Enemy Gods (1937, novel)The Copper Pot (1942, novel)Raw Material (1945, memoir) A Pause in the Desert (1957, short stories)The Door in the Wall (1965, short stories, posthumous)]
• 1964 - Vietnam War: Gulf of Tonkin Incident - North Vietnamese gunboats allegedly fires on U.S. destroyers, USS Maddox and the USS Turner Joy.
• 1964 - North Vietnam fires on a US destroyer in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident.
• 1964 - Mary-Louise Parker was born. American actress
• 1964 - José María Castro dies. Argentine musician.
• 1966 - Tim Wakefield was born. American baseball player
• 1967 - Aaron Krickstein was born. American tennis player
• 1967 - Aline Brosh McKenna was born. American screenwriter
• 1967 - The second Blackwall Tunnel opened in Greenwich, London.
• 1968 - Stefan Efenberg was born. German footballer.
• 1969 - Fernando Couto was born. Portuguese footballer
• 1969 - Richard Hallebeek was born. Dutch guitarist
• 1970 - Tony Amonte was born. American ice hockey player
• 1970 - Kevin Smith was born. American director and screenwriter
• 1970 - Powder Ridge Rock Festival
• 1970 - Kevin Smith was born. Actor, director, and screenwriter ( Chasing Amy, Mallrats, Clerks).
• 1970 - Ocurrió el primer secuestro aéreo de la historia, con el de un avión Boeing 747 que, con 378 pasajeros, fue desviado hacia Cuba cuando volaba desde Nueva York a Puerto Rico
• 1971 - Michael Hughes was born. Irish footballer
• 1972 - Jacinda Barrett was born. Australian model and actress
• 1972 - Jimmy Pop was born. American musician (The Bloodhound Gang)
• 1972 - Justyna Steczkowska was born. Polish singer.
• 1972 - Helen Hoyt dies (b. 1887). American poet.
• 1972 - Brian Cole dies (b. 1942). American bass player (The Association)
• 1973 - Hiroyuki Goto was born. Japanese game designer
• 1973 - Jean-Pierre Melville dies (b. 1917). French film director.
• 1974 - Jeremy Castle was born. American singer and songwriter
• 1974 - Angie Cepeda was born. Colombian actress.
• 1974 - W. Douglas Hawkes dies (b. 1893). British racing driver.
• 1975 - In New Orleans, Louisiana, the Superdome officially opens with an American football game between the New Orleans Saints and Houston Oilers.
• 1975 - Mineiro was born.Brazilian footballer
• 1975 - Xu Huaiwen was born. Chinese-born badminton player
• 1976 - An intruder breaks into Priscilla Davis's Mockingbird Lane mansion in Fort Worth, Texas. Priscilla Davis and a friend are injured while Andrea Wilborn and Stan Farr are killed. T. Cullen Davis is tried and found innocent of the crime.
• 1976 - Fritz Lang dies (b. 1890). Austrian film director.
• 1976 - Stan Farr dies. Basketball player.
• 1977 - Edward Furlong was born. American actor.
• 1978 - Carlos Chávez dies (b. 1899). Mexican composer.
• 1978 - Oscar Viale dies (b. 2 Ago 1944). Actor and playwright.
• 1979 - Thurman Munson dies (b. 1947). Baseball player.
• 1980 - A bomb explodes at the railway station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.
• 1980 - Hard rock band AC/DC release Back in Black, their first album with lead singer Brian Johnson and their best-selling.
• 1980 - Donald Stewart, dies in London, England. American humorist, actor, playright, Academy Award-winning screenwriter.
• 1982 - John Malkovich /Glenne Headly marriage
• 1982 - Hélder Postiga was born. Portuguese footballer
• 1982 - Grady Sizemore was born. American baseball player
• 1983 - Nick Diaz was born. American MMA fighter
• 1984 - Giampaolo Pazzini was born. Italian footballer
• 1985 - A Delta Air Lines Lockheed L-1011 TriStar crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport in Texas, killing 137.
• 1985 - Abortion law in Spain is legalised but with severe restrictions. Only women who have been raped, whose health is in severe danger or are carrying a badly-deformed foetus are legally entitled to an abortion.
• 1985 - Harry Smith was born. Canadian professional wrestler
• 1986 - Roy Cohn dies (b.1927). American politician and anti-communist.
• 1986 - Mathieu Razanakolona was born. Malagasy skier
• 1987 - Morre no Brasil o General João Sarmento Pimentel (n. 14 Jul 1888 em Mirandela). Um dos fundadores do Pertido Socialista. Grande lutador pela liberdade e democracia em Portugal
• 1988 - Brittany Hargest was born. American singer (Jump5)
• 1988 - Joe Carcione dies (b. 1914). American consumer advocate.
• 1988 - Raymond Carver dies (b. 1938). American writer, poet.
• 1989 - Luiz Gonzaga dies in Recife (b. 13 Dec 1912). Brazilian composer
• 1990 - Gulf War: Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to conflict with coalition forces.
• 1990 - Norman Mclean dies (b. 1902). Writer.
• 1991 - Pan-American Games begin in Cuba
• 1992 - Hallie Kate Eisenberg was born. American actress.
• 1994 - Popular Japanese television and movie actor Beat Takeshi is seriously injured in a motorcycle accident.
• 1996 - Obdulio Varela dies. Uruguayan football player, a simbol of the football of Uruguay who was World Champion in 1950.
• 1997 - Australian ski instructor Stuart Diver is rescued as the sole survivor from the Thredbo landslide in New South Wales, Australia, in which 18 lives were lost.
• 1997 - William S. Burroughs dies (b. 1914). Writer.
• 1998 - Shari Lewis dies (b. 1933). Puppeteer.
• 1999 - Gaisal trail disaster : Two trains carrying 2,500 people collided at the remote station of Gaisal, 310 miles from the city of Gauhati in Assam. The crash was at such high speeds that the trains actually exploded upon impact killing at least 285 people.
• 2001 - Ron Townson dies (b. 1933). American singer (The Fifth Dimension)
• 2002 - Fernando Bandeira Ferreira dies in Setubal (b. 2 Sep 1920). Portuguese archaelogist.
• 2002 - The Angolan government and UNITA rebels declared the official end to their nearly three-decade old civil war.
• 2002 - Paulinho Nogueira dies (b. 1929). Brazilian composer.
• 2003 - A 65th anniversary edition of The Beano is released.
• 2003 - Don Estelle dies (b. 1933). British actor
• 2003 - Mike Levey dies (b. 1948). American television personality
• 2003 - Peter Safar dies (b. 1924). Austrian physician.
• 2004 - Monday demonstrations against social cutbacks began in Germany
• 2004 - Don Tosti dies (b. 1923). American musician.
• 2004 - François Craenhals dies (b. 1926). Belgian comics artist.
• 2005 - Air France Flight 358 skids off the runway at Toronto Pearson International Airport outside Toronto, Canada, destroying the plane but resulting in no loss of life.
• 2006 - Jorge de Brito dies. President of Benfica.
• Costa Rica - Our Lady of the Angels
• Bulgaria/Republic of Macedonia - Ilinden (St. Ilya Day), a day of remembrance of the Ilinden Uprising
• Day of Airborne Forces in Russia.