On this day in History - Jun 23
- 0079 - Vespasian dies (b. AD 9). Roman Emperor
- 1018 - Henry I of Austria dies
- 1295 - Pope Boniface VIII enters Rome.
- 1305 - Flemish-French peace treaty signed at Athis-sur-Orge.
- 1314 - Start of the Battle of Bannockburn south of Stirling, Edward II of England & Robert I of Scotland met in battle. Scotland won and Edward fled the field and Scotland.
- 1433 - Francis II, Duke of Brittany was born (d. 1488)
- 1456 - Margaret of Denmark was born (d. 1486). Wife of James III of Scotland.
- 1516 - Ferdinand II of Aragon dies (b. 1452)
- 1537 - Pedro de Mendoza dies. Spanish explorer.
- 1555 - Pedro Mascarenhas dies (b. 1470). Portuguese explorer.
- 1596 - Johan Banér was born (d. 1641). Swedish soldier.
- 1611 - The mutinous crew of Henry Hudson's fourth voyage sets Henry, his son and seven loyal crew members adrift in an open boat in the Atlantic Ocean; they are never heard from again.
- 1612 - André Tacquet was born (d. 1660). Belgian mathematician.
- 1661 - Marriage contract between Charles II of England & Catharina of Portugal. Tratado de paz e aliança entre Carlos II de Inglaterra e D. Afonso VI. Com o casamento de D. Catarina, irmã de D. Afonso, o pagamento de 2 milhões de cruzados de dote, e a entrega de Tânger e de Bombaim, a Inglaterra enviará uma força militar de 3.000 homens para ajuda na defesa de Portugal, e garantirá o seu apoio internacional.
- 1668 - Giambattista Vico was born (d. 1744). Italian philosopher and historian.
- 1683 - Etienne Fourmont was born (d. 1745). French orientalist.
- 1713 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada.
- 1716 - Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley was born (d. 1789). English politician.
- 1724 - Russia and Turkey sign Treaty of Constantinople.
- 1733 - Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, dies (b. 1672). Swiss scholar.
- 1750 - Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu was born (d. 26 Nov 1801). French geologist and mineralogist after whom the mineral dolomite was named.
- 1757 - Battle of Plassey - 3000 British troops under Robert Clive defeat a 50,000 strong Indian army under Siraj-ud-Dawlah at Plassey.
- 1758 - Seven Years War: Battle of Krefeld - British forces defeat French troops at Krefeld in Germany.
- 1763 - Josephine de Beauharnais was born (d. 1814). Empress of France (1804-14).
- 1775 - Étienne-Louis Malus was born (d. 23 Feb 1812). French physicist who discovered that light, when reflected, becomes partially plane polarized; i.e., its rays vibrate in the same plane.
- 1794 - Empress Catherine II grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev.
- 1799 - John Milton Bernhisel was born (d. 1881). Mormon Physician and Representative to Congress.
- 1799 - Jan Antoon Garemijn dies (b. 1712). Flemish Rococo painter.
- 1800 - Karol Marcinkowski was born (d. 1846). Polish physician and social activist.
- 1810 - John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.
- 1812 - War of 1812: Great Britain had revoked the restrictions on American commerce, thus eliminating one of the chief reasons for going to war.
- 1811 - Nicolau Tolentino de Almeida dies in Lisbon (b. 10 Sep 1740). Portugal's leading satirical poet of the 18th century. Ver também em português Nicolau Tolentino
- 1824 - Carl Reinecke was born (d. 1910). German musician and composer.
- 1828 - O rei Miguel I de Portugal a sua sobrinha, a rainha Maria II de Portugal, dando início às Guerras Liberais de 1828. Reunião dos três estados do reino que aclamam o infante D. Miguel como rei absoluto.
- 1832 - James Hall dies (b. 1761). Scottish geologist.
- 1836 - James Mill dies (b. 1773). Scotish philosopher.
- 1848 - Adolphe Sax was awarded a patent for the saxophone.
- 1858 - Six-year-old Edgardo Mortara is seized by Papal authorities.
- 1860 - Sir (Walter) Baldwin Spencer was born (d. 14 Jul 1929). English biologist and anthropologist, the first trained and experienced scientist to enter the field of Australian anthropology.
- 1860 - The US Congress establishes the Government Printing Office.
- 1865 - American Civil War: At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory Confederate General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant rebel army.
- 1868 - Christopher Latham Sholes receives a patent for Type-Writer.
- 1881 - Matthias Jakob Schleiden dies (b. 5 Apr 1804). German botanist who first formulated the theory that plants are composed of cells.
- 1884 - José Martins Fontes was born (d. 25 Jun 1937). Brazilian poet.
- 1884 - Cyclone Taylor was born (d. 1979). Professional ice hockey player.
- 1887 - The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada, creating that nation's first national park, Banff National Park.
- 1887 - Ernst Rowohlt was born (d. 1960). Publisher.
- 1888 - Frederick Douglass is the first African-American nominated for US president.
- 1888 - Bronson M. Cutting was born (d. 1935). American politician.
- 1889 - Anna Akhmatova was born (d. 1966). Russian poetess.
- 1894 - Alfred Charles Kinsey was born (d. 25 Aug 1956). Entomologist, sexologist. (The Sexual Behavior of the Human Male).
- 1894 - International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne, Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
- 1894 - Edward VIII of the United Kingdom was born (d. 1972). Duke of Windsor.
- 1901 - Otto Heckmann was born (d. 13 May 1983). German astronomer noted for measuring stellar positions and his studies of relativity and cosmology.
- 1902 - Dr. Howard T. Engstrom was born (d. 9 Mar 1962). American computer designer who promoted the first commercially available digital computer, the Univac.
- 1902 - Mathias Wieman was born (d. 1969). German actor.
- 1903 - Paul Joseph James Martin was born (d. 1992). Canadian politician.
- 1904 - Carleton (Stevens) Coon was born (d. 6 Jun 1981). American anthropologist who made notable contributions to cultural and physical anthropology and archaeology, with controversial studies of the origins and contemporary variations of human racial types
- 1905 - Mary Livingstone was born (d. 1983). Actress and wife of Jack Benny.
- 1906 - Wolfgang Koeppen was born (d. 1996). Author.
- 1907 - James Meade was born (d. 1995). English economist, Nobel Prize laureate.
- 1909 - David Lewis was born (d. 1981). Canadian lawyer and politician.
- 1910 - Milt Hinton was born (d. 2000). American jazz bassist.
- 1910 - Jean Anouilh was born (d. 1987). French dramatist.
- 1910 - Gordon B. Hinckley was born. President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- 1912 - Alan Turing was born (d. 1954). Mathematician, founder of computer science .
- 1915 - First wholesale slaughter of Armenian men in Harput (Kharpert), Turkey
- 1916 - Len Hutton was born (d. 1990). English cricketer.
- 1916 - Hermann Gmeiner was born (d. 1986). Austrian philanthropist.
- 1916 - Irene Worth was born (d. 2002). Actress.
- 1919 - Defeat of German forces at Cesis in northern Latvia during Estonian Liberation War, now celebrated annually as Estonian Victory Day.
- 1919 - Muhammad Boudiaf was born (d. 1992). Algerian political leader.
- 1921 - O Diário de Notícias de Lisboa lança o primeiro concurso de beleza em Portugal com o título de Rainha de Beleza.
- 1922 - Hal Laycoe was born (d. 1998). Canadian ice hockey player.
- 1927 - Bob Fosse was born (d. 1897). American choreographer and director (Cabaret)
- 1928 - Armando Cortez was born. Portuguese actor
- 1929 - June Carter Cash was born (d. 2003). American singer.
- 1931 - Wiley Post and Harold Gatty take off from Roosevelt Field, Long Island in an attempt to accomplish the first round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane.
- 1935 - Maurice Ferre was born. Puerto Rican mayor of Miami
- 1936 - Costas Simitis was born. Prime Minister of Greece.
- 1937 - Martti Ahtisaari was born. President of Finland
- 1938 - The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
- 1938 - Marineland opens near St. Augustine, Florida.
- 1940 - World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler surveys newly defeated Paris in now occupied France.
- 1940 - A Exposição do Mundo Português é inaugurada em Lisboa, na Praça do Império.
- 1940 - Adam Faith was born (d. 2003). English singer and actor.
- 1940 - Lord Irvine of Lairg was born. Scottish Lord Chancellor
- 1940 - Wilma Rudolph was born (d. 1994). American runner. At the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, she became the first American to win three gold medals.
- 1940 - Stuart Sutcliffe was born (d. 1962). First bassist with The Beatles.
- 1941 - Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence (June independence) of Lithuania from Soviet Union; it lived only briefly however as nazis occupied Lithuania few weeks later.
- 1941 - Robert Hunter was born. American lyricist and poet (The Grateful Dead)
- 1942 - World War II: The first selections for the gas chamber at Auschwitz take place on a trainload of Jews from Paris.
- 1942 - World War II: Germany's latest fighter, a Focke-Wulf FW190 is captured intact when it mistakenly lands in Wales.
- 1943 - World War II: The British destroyers Eclipse and Laforey sink the Italian submarine Ascianghi in the Mediterranean after she torpedoes the cruiser Newfoundland.
- 1943 - James Levine was born. American conductor.
- 1943 - Vint Cerf was born. American internet pionner, co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols.
- 1944 - Thomas Mann becomes a US citizen.
- 1945 - The Imperial Japanese armed forces ended organized resistance to the U.S. armed forces in the Mabuni area on the southern tip of the main island of Okinawa.
- 1945 - Kjell Albin Abrahamson was born. Swedish journalist and writer.
- 1945 - Simon Lake dies (b. 4 Sep 1866). U.S. inventor who built the "Argonaut," the first submarine to operate extensively in the open sea.
- 1946 - Ted Shackleford was born. American actor
- 1947 - The United States Senate follows the United States House of Representatives in overriding U.S. President Harry S. Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act.
- 1947 - Bryan Brown was born. Australian actor.
- 1948 - Myles Goodwyn was born. Canadian guitarist and vocalist (April Wine).
- 1948 - Clarence Thomas was born. United States Supreme Court Justice.
- 1948 - Darhyl S. Ramsey was born. American author and professor of music education.
- 1949 - Gordon Bray was born. Australian sports broadcaster.
- 1950 - Orani João Tempesta was born. Brazilian catholic bishop.
- 1950 - Swiss parliament refused voting rights for women.
- 1951 - British diplomats Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, two soviet spies, flee to the USSR
- 1955 - Jean Tigana was born. French footballer
- 1955 - Jordan was born. British actress and model
- 1955 - Pierre Corbeil was born. Quebec politician
- 1956 - Gamal Abde l Nasser elected president of Egypt.
- 1956 - Randy Jackson was born. American music producer, judge on American Idol
- 1956 - Reinhold Glière dies (b. 1875). Russian composer.
- 1957 - Frances McDormand was born. American actress
- 1958 - The Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers.
- 1959 - Convicted Manhattan Project spy Klaus Fuchs is released after only nine years in prison and allowed to emigrate to Dresden, East Germany (where he resumed a scientific career).
- 1959 - Boris Vian dies (b. 1920). Writer and musician.
- 1960 - Japan signs security treaty with the U.S.
- 1960 - The Food and Drug Administration approved Enovid by GD Searle, the first oral contraceptive.
- 1961 - Zoran Janjetov was born. Serbian comic artist
- 1962 - Chuck Billy was born. American singer
- 1962 - Kari Takko was born. Finnish ice hockey player
- 1962 - Kevin Yagher was born. TV/film special effects technician
- 1963 - Colin Montgomerie was born. Scottish golfer
- 1963 - Colin Montgomerie was born. Scottish golfer
- 1964 - Joss Whedon was born. American producer, director, screenwriter
- 1964 - Yun Lou was born. Chinese gymnast
- 1965 - Paul Arthurs was born. British guitarist (Oasis)
- 1966 - Chico DeBarge was born. American musician (DeBarge)
- 1967 - Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey for the three-day Glassboro Summit Conference.
- 1967 - Mohawk Airlines Flight 40 crashes due to an incorrectly installed valve, killing all 34 on board.
- 1967 - Paul King was born. New Zealand politician
- 1967 - Helen Geake was born. British archaeologist
- 1968 - 74 are killed and 150 injured in a soccer stampede towards a closed exit in a Buenos Aires stadium.
- 1969 - Warren E. Burger is sworn in as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court by retiring chief Earl Warren.
- 1969 - Joe Frazier KOs Jerry Quarry in 8 for heavyweight boxing title
- 1969 - Fernanda Ribeiro was born in Penafiel. Portuguese athlet ( Olympics: 1996 Gold 10000m, 2000 bronze 10000m. Worlds: 1995 Gold 10000m, silver 5000m, 1997 silver 10000m, bronze 5000m. European: 1994 Gold 10000m, 1998 silver 10000m).
- 1969 - Martin Klebba was born. American actor
- 1970 - Robert Brooks was born. Green Bay Packers Wide Receiver
- 1970 - Yann Tiersen was born. French musician
- 1971 - Felix Potvin was born. Canadian professional hockey goaltender
- 1972 - Watergate Scandal: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon and White House chief of staff H. R. Haldeman are taped talking about using the Central Intelligence Agency to obstruct the Federal Bureau of Investigation's investigation into the Watergate break-ins.
- 1972 - 45 countries leave the Sterling Area, allowing their currencies to fluctuate independently of the British Pound.
- 1972 - Selma Blair was born. American actress
- 1972 - Zinedine Zidane was born. French football player
- 1973 - A fire at a house in Hull, England, which kills a six year old boy is passed off as an accident; it later emerges as the first of 26 deaths by fire caused over the next seven years by arsonist Peter Dinsdale.
- 1973 - Marie N was born. Latvian singer, Eurovision Song Contest winner
- 1973 - The Pope opens the vatican gallery of modern art.
- 1974 - Joel Edgerton was born. Australian actor.
- 1975 - K.T. Tunstall was born. Scottish singer and songwriter.
- 1975 - Kevin Dyson was born. American football player.
- 1976 - Brandon Stokley was born. American football player.
- 1976 - Patrick Monahan was born. British comedian.
- 1976 - Patrick Vieira was born. French footballer.
- 1976 - Brandon Stokley was born. American football player.
- 1977 - Jason Mraz was born. American singer and songwriter.
- 1977 - Miguel Ángel Angulo was born. Spanish footballer.
- 1978 - Memphis Bleek was born. American rapper.
- 1979 - LaDainian Tomlinson was born. American football player.
- 1979 - Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line during 1980.
- 1980 - Ramnaresh Sarwan was born. Guyanese cricketer.
- 1980 - Sanjay Gandhi was murdered. Indian politician.
- 1980 - Clyfford Still dies. Painter.
- 1980 - West German wins European soccer title (2-1 against Belgium)
- 1985 - A Boeing 747 carrying Air India Flight 182 blew-up 31,000 feet (9500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, South of Ireland, killing all 329 aboard.
- 1988 - Isabella Leong Lok-Sze was born. Hong Kong-based Macau born singer, actress and model
- 1988 - Chellsie Memmel was born. American gymnast
- 1988 - Henry (Alexander) Murray dies (b. 13 May 1893). American psychologist who developed a theory of human personality based on an individual's inborn needs and his relationship with the physical and social environment.
- 1988 - Alma Flora dies. Portuguese actress
- 1989 - The movie Batman is released in the United States.
- 1990 - Moldavia declares independence.
- 1991 - The flagship Sega video game Sonic the Hedgehog was released in the United States.
- 1992 - Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2.
- 1992 - Yitzhak Rabin wins the Israeli parlamentary elections.
- 1993 - Lorena Bobbitt slices off her husband's penis with a kitchen knife, making international news out of their marital drama.
- 1993 - Zdenek Kopal dies (b. 4 Apr 1914). Czech-born astronomer who directed an international project, financed by the U.S. Air Force, to photograph and map the entire surface of the Moon by using the refracting telescope at the Pic du Midi Observatory in southern France.
- 1994 - Reintegrada a África do Sul na ONU
- 1995 - Jonas Salk dies (b. 28 Oct 1914). American Jewish physician and medical researcher, born in New York City, who developed the first safe and effective vaccine for poliomyelitis
- 1995 - Anatoly Tarasov dies (b. 1918). Russian ice hockey coach.
- 1996 - Andreas Papandreou dies (b. 1919). Prime Minister of Greece.
- 1997 - Dr. Betty Shabazz dies. Wife of Malcolm X
- 1998 - Maureen O'Sullivan dies. Actress.
- 1998 - Leandro dies. Brazilian singer (Leandro and Leonardo)
- 2001 - The video game Sonic Adventure 2 was released cellebrating the 10th anniversary of Sonic the Hedgehog.
- 2002 - Pedro 'El Rockero' Alcazar dies. Panamanian boxer
- 2003 - Vasil Bykau dies. Belarusian writer.
- 2003 - The World Health Organization removed Hong Kong from its list of SARS-infected areas.
- 2005 - Shana Alexander dies (b. 1926). American columnist.
- 2005 - Manolis Anagnostakis dies (b. 1925). Greek poet.
- 2006 - Aaron Spelling dies (b. 1923). American television producer.
- 2006 - Luke Graham dies (b. 1940). Wrestler, and 1-half of first-ever Tag Team Champions.
- Noite de S. João em vários concelhos de Portugal de que se destacam Porto e Braga
- Midsummer's Eve, Christianized the feast of Saint John the Baptist, is celebrated in much of Northern Europe and the British Islands
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