On this day in History - Jun 21
- 1002 - Pope Leo IX was born (d. 1054). He brought the conflict between Rome and the eastern Church to a head in 1054, ending with the Patriarch of Constantinople being excommunicated and the creation of the Schism.
- 1226 - King Boleslaus V of Poland was born (d. 1279).
- 1305 - King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and Poland dies (b. 1271)
- 1377 - King Edward III of England dies.
- 1527 - Niccolò Machiavelli dies (b. 1469). Italian historian and political author (The Prince) “When the effect is good... it will always excuse the deed.”
- 1535 - Leonhard Rauwolf was born (d. 1596). German physician and botanist.
- 1582 - Oda Nobunaga dies (b. 1534). Japanese warlord.
- 1586 - Martín de Azpilicueta dies. Spanish intelectual.
- 1596 - Mikhail Feodorovich Romanov was born (d.1645). 1st Romanov Tsar of Russia (1613-45).
- 1621 - an execution of 27 Czech lords on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the Battle of White Mountain.
- 1633 - Galileo Galilei was tortured and threatened by Inquisition to "abjure, curse, & detest" his Copernican heliocentric views.
- 1639 (O. S.) - Increase Mather was born (d. 1723). New England Puritan minister.
- 1646 (O. S.)- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was born. Polymath
- 1646 - D. Maria Francisca Isabel de Sabóia was born. Queen of Portugal.
- 1652 - Inigo Jones dies (b. 1573). Architect.
- 1665 - First soldiers of Le Régiment de Carignan-Salières arrive at Quebec to invade Iroquois territories.
- 1676 (O. S.)- Anthony Collins was born. Philosopher, friend of John Locke
- 1712 - Luc Urbain de Bouexic, comte de Guichen was born (d. 1790). French admiral.
- 1730 - Motoori Norinaga was born (d. 1801). Japanese scholar.
- 1732 - Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach was born (d. 1791). German composer.
- 1734 - In Montreal in New France (today primarily Quebec), a black slave known by the French name of Marie-Joseph Angélique, was tortured then hanged by the French authorities in a public ceremony that involved her disgrace and the amputation of a hand.
- 1736 (O. S.) - Enoch Poor was born (d. 1780). Brigadier General in the Continental Army.
- 1749 - Halifax Nova Scotia founded.
- 1759 - Alexander J. Dallas was born (d. 1817). American statesman and financier.
- 1763 - Pierre Paul Royer-Collard was born (d. 1845). French philosopher.
- 1764 - Sidney Smith was born (d. 1840). British admiral.
- 1774 - Daniel D. Tompkins was born. Entrepreneur, jurist, Congressman, Governor of New York, and the sixth Vice President of the United States.
- 1781 - Siméon Denis Poisson was born (d. 1840). French matematician and physicist
- 1782 - Pyotr Kotlyarevsky was born (d. 1852). Russian general.
- 1788 - New Hampshire ratifies the Constitution and is thus admitted as the 9th state in the United States.
- 1791 - Theodore Gericault was born. Painter.
- 1791 - Robert Napier was born (d. 1876). British engineer.
- 1798 - Irish Rebellion of 1798: British Army defeats Irish rebels at Battle of Vinegar Hill
- 1798 - Wolfgang Menzel was born (d. 1873). German writer.
- 1805 - Charles Jackson was born. American physician, chemist, pioneer geologist and mineralogist
- 1811 - Carlo Matteucci was born (d. 1868). Italian physicist .
- 1812 - Moses Hess was born (d. 1875). Jewish socialist and nationalist.
- 1813 - Peninsular War: Battle of Vitoria
- 1813 - Laura Secord sets out to warn British forces of impending American attack at Queenston Ontario.
- 1823 - Jean Chacornac was born (d. 1873). French astronomer.
- 1824 - Greek War of Independence: Egyptian forces capture Psara in the Aegean Sea.
- 1824 - Étienne Aignan dies (b. 1773). Translator, political writer, librettist, playwright, and member of the Académie française.
- 1825 - William Stubbs was born (d. 1901). English historian and Anglican bishop of Oxford.
- 1826 - Maniots defeat Egyptians under Ibrahim Pasha in the Battle of Vergas
- 1828 - Ferdinand André Fouqué was born (d. 1904). French geologist.
- 1834 - Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper was patented.
- 1839 - Machado de Assis was born (d. 29 Sep 1908). Brazilian writer / Nascimento, no Rio de Janeiro, de Machado de Assis (Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis), jornalista, contista, cronista, romancista, poeta e teatrólogo, membro fundador e primeiro presidente da Academia Brasileira de Letras.
- 1844 - Luciano Baptista Cordeiro was born. Portuguese politician.
- 1850 - Daniel Carter Beard was born (d. 1941). Founder of the Boy Scouts of America.
- 1854 - First Victoria Cross won during bombardment of Bomarsund in the Aland Islands.
- 1858 - Medardo Rosso was born (d. 1928). Italian sculptor.
- 1859 - Franco-Austrian War: Battle of Solférino is fought. Witnessed by Henri Dunant, the esults were the Geneva Conventions and the Red Cross.
- 1859 - Henry Ossawa Tanner was born (d. 1937). American painter.
- 1862 - Damrong Rajanubhab was born (d. 1943). Thai prince and historian.
- 1863 - Albert Sauveur was born. Metallurgist (one of the founders of physical metallurgy)
- 1863 - Max Wolf was born (d. 1932). German astronomer.
- 1864 - Heinrich Wölfflin was born (d. 1945). Swiss art historian.
- 1864 - New Zealand Land Wars: The Tauranga Campaign ends.
- 1866 - Dimitrios Voulgaris assume (pela 5º vez) o cargo de primeiro-ministro da Grécia
- 1868 - Edwin Stephen Goodrich was born (d. 1946). English zoologist.
- 1870 - Clara Immerwahr was born (d. 1915). German chemist.
- 1876 - William H. Keesom was born (d. 1956). Dutch physicist (pioneer in cryogenics)
- 1876 - Antonio López de Santa Ana dies. Mexican general (took Alamo) and President.
- 1877 - The Molly Maguires, ten Irish immigrants who were labour activists, are hanged in the Carbon County, Pennsylvania Prison.
- 1880 - Arnold Gesell was born (d. 1961). American psychologist and pediatrician
- 1880 - Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp was born (d. 1941). British civil servant, industrialist, economist, statistician and banker.
- 1882 - Rockwell Kent was born (d. 1971). American artist.
- 1882 - Lluís Companys i Jover was born (d. 1940). Spanish politician, president of Catalonia.
- 1883 - Fyodor Gladkov was born (d. 1958). Russian writer.
- 1884 - Claude Auchinleck was born (d. 1981). British Field Marshal.
- 1885 - Manuel Luís Vieira was born in Madeira Islands, Portugal (d. 23 Aug 1952 in Lisbon). Film director, producer, cinematographer - Camões (1946) Maria do Mar (1930) Maria Papoila (1937/I) .
- 1887 - Queen Victoria's golden jubilee
- 1887 - Norman L. Bowen was born (d. 1956). Canadian petrologist
- 1889 - Ralph Craig was born (d. 1972). American athlete.
- 1891 - Pier Luigi Nervi was born (d. 9 Jan 1979). Italian engineer and architect who gained international recognition for his dramatic designs for large-span structures made possible with the use of reinforced concrete.
- 1891 - Hermann Scherchen was born (d. 1966). German conductor.
- 1892 - Reinhold Niebuhr was born (d. 1971). Protestant theologian.
- 1893 - Alois Hába was born (d. 1973). Czech composer
- 1896 - Charles B. Momsen was born (d. 1967). American inventor
- 1898 - Guam becomes a U.S. territory.
- 1898 - Donald C. Peattie was born. Botanist, writer
- 1903 - Al Hirschfeld was born (d. 2003). Cartoonist.
- 1905 - Jean-Paul Sartre was born (d. 1980). French existential philosopher and playwright, recipient of the Nobel Prize in literature 1964 (but he declined it).
- 1908 - Nikolai A. Rimsky-Korsakov dies (b. 1844). Russian composer, orchestrator (Scheherazade, The Tsar's Bride, The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh).
- 1911 - Porfirio Diaz, the ex-president of Mexico, exiled himself to Paris.
- 1911- Ralph Wendell Burhoe was born. Theologian and scientist, first American to win the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion
- 1912 - Mary McCarthy was born (d. 1989). Novelist.
- 1914 - Ralf Parland was born. Writer.
- 1914 - William Vickrey was born. Economist, awarded the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
- 1914 - Bertha von Suttner dies (b. 1843). Winner of 1905 Nobel Peace Prize
- 1915 - The U.S. Supreme Court hands down decision in Guinn v. United States 238 US 347 1915, striking down an Oklahoma law denying the right to vote to some citizens.
- 1915 - Domingos Carvalho da Silva was born at Pedroso, V. N. de Gaia (d. 26 Apr 2003). Portuguese-born Brazilian poet.
- 1916 - Herbert Friedman was born. Astronomer
- 1916 - Joseph Cyril Bamford was born. Inventor and industrialist
- 1919 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during the Winnipeg General Strike.
- 1919 - Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed were the last casualties of the First World War.
- 1919 - Gower Champion was born (d. 1980). Dancer and choreographer.
- 1919 - Gérard Pelletier was born (d. 1997). French journalist, politician and diplomat.
- 1919 - Vladimir Simagin was born. Chess International Grandmaster & Master, International Correspondence Chess Master, trainer.
- 1921 - Helmut Heissenbüttel was born. German avant-garde novelist and poet
- 1921 - Judy Holliday was born in New York, New York, USA (d. 7 Jun 1965). Actress.
- 1921 - Jane Russell was born. Actress.
- 1925 - Maureen Stapleton was born. American actress.
- 1925 - Nascimento em Gouviães, concelho de Tarouca, de Adácio Pestana (m. 21 Abr 2004). Músico (trompista) português.
- 1927 - South Africa: The Flag DisputeFollowing the introduction of a bill to provide a national flag for the Union of South Africa (in 1925 by DF Malan), Afrikaner nationalists have rebelled against plans to have a Union Jack in the centre.
- 1927 - Carl Stokes was born (d. 1996). Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio.
- 1932 - Heavyweight Max Schmeling lost a title fight by decision to Jack Sharkey; Schmeling's manager, Joe Jacobs, exclaimed: "We was robbed!"
- 1934 - Wulf Kristen was born. Writer and recipient of the Heinrich Mann Prize.
- 1934 - Thorne Smith dies (b. 1892). American author.
- 1935 - Françoise Sagan was born ( 24 Sep 2004). French writer.
- 1939 - Ruben Berrios was born. Puerto Rican politician and current president of the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP). Lawyer.
- 1939 - The New York Yankees announce Lou Gehrig's retirement.
- 1940 - First successful west to east navigation of Northwest Passage begins at Vancouver British Columbia.
- 1942 - World War II: A Japanese submarine surfaces near the Columbia River in Oregon, firing 17 shells at nearby Fort Stevens in one of only a handful of attacks by the Japanese against USA mainland.
- 1942 - Henry Taylor was born in Loudoun County, Virginia. American Pulitzer-Prize winning poet in 1986 (The Flying Change).
- 1942 - Teixeira_Lopes dies (b. 27 Oct 1866). Portuguese sculptor / Morreu o escultor português Teixeira Lopes
- 1943 - Salomé was born in Barcelona. Spanish singer and 1969 Eurovision Song Contest winner
- 1944 - Ray Davies of The Kinks was born.
- 1944 - Nascimento em Budapeste, Hungria de André José Adler, actor e director do cinema brasileiro.
- 1945 - Nascimento, em Manaus, de Carlos Frederico Rodrigues , director do cinema brasileiro.
- 1945 - World War II: Battle of Okinawa ends. Japanese forces on Okinawa surrendered to the Americans. The embattled destroyer USS Laffey survived horrific damage from attacks by 22 Japanese aircraft off Okinawa. American soldiers on Okinawa found the body of the Japanese commander, Lt. Gen. Mitsuru Ushijima, who had committed suicide.
- 1946 - Brenda Holloway was born. Musician.
- 1947 - Meredith Baxter was born. Actress.
- 1947 - A Seaman named Harold Dahl claims to have seen six UFOs near Maury Island. The next morning Dahl reported the first modern MIB encounter.
- 1948 - Ian McEwan was born. Writer.
- 1948 - Lionel Rose was born. First aboriginal boxer to win a world title (in 1968)
- 1948 - Andrzej Sapkowski was born. Polish fantasy writer
- 1950 - Anne Carson was born. Poet.
- 1951 - Nils Lofgren was born. Musician.
- 1951 - Charles Dillon Perrine dies (b. 1867). Astronomer.
- 1952 - Wilfrid 'Wop' May dies. Aviation pioneer .
- 1953 - Benazir Bhutto was born. Prime Minister of Pakistan (twice), first female Muslim head of government.
- 1954 - Robert Menasse was born. Austrian writer.
- 1955 - Tim Bray was born. Computer programmer.
- 1955 - Michel Platini was born. French football player .
- 1957 - Johannes Stark dies (b. 15 Abr 1874). German physician, 1919 Nobel Prize for Physics laureate for his discovery in 1913 that an electric field would cause splitting of the lines in the spectrum of light emitted by a luminous substance; the phenomenon is called the Stark effect.
- 1962 - Viktor Tsoi was born. Russian musician
- 1963 - Cardinal Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini is chosen to succeed the late Pope John XXIII as head of the Roman Catholic Church. The new pope took the name Paul VI, 263th pope.
- 1964 - Three civil rights workers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Mickey Schwerner are murdered in Neshoba County, Mississippi by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
- 1964 - Three civil rights workers—James E. Chaney, 21; Andrew Goodman, 21; and Michael Schwerner, 24—disappeared in Philadelphia, Miss.
- 1964 - François Duvalier é proclamado presidente vitalício do Haiti.
- 1966 - Rudi Bakhtiar was born. Journalist.
- 1969 - Maureen Connolly dies. Tennis star.
- 1970 - Sukarno dies. President of Indonesia
- 1970 - In Mexico City Brazil beats Italy, 4-1, to win soccer's World Cup for the 3rd. time
- 1973 - In handing down the decision in Miller v. California 413 US 15, the Supreme Court of the United States establishes the Miller Test, which now governs obscenity in U.S. law.
- 1973 - Juliette Lewis was born. Actress.
- 1976 - Nigel Lappin was born. Australian rules footballer
- 1976 - Margaret Herrick dies (b. 1902). Librarian and director of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
- 1977 - Menachem Begin became Israel's sixth prime minister.
- 1980 - Bert Kaempfert dies. German orchestra leader and songwriter.
- 1981 - Brandon Flowers was born. Singer/keyboardist (The Killers (band))
- 1982 - John Hinckley is found not guilty by reason of insanity for the attempted assassination of U.S. President Ronald Reagan.
- 1982 - Prince William of Wales was born (son to Charles, Prince of Wales and his wife Diana)
- 1985 - Tage Erlander dies. Swedish Prime Minister
- 1987 - Ben Michael Rivlin was born.
- 1989 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Texas v . Johnson that flag burning is protected speech under the United States Constitution.
- 1989 - Melanie Griffith and Don Johnson remarry
- 1990 - Ross Munro dies. Journalist, editor, and publisher
- 1992 - Yoshiko Uchida dies (b. 1921). Japanese-American writer.
- 1992 - Li Xiannian dies. Chinese President (1983-88).
- 1997 - The G-7 Summit became the G-8 with the addition of Russia at its meeting in Denver. Moscow was admitted to the Paris Club of creditors. Summit leaders meeting in Denver wrestled with a list of global challenges.
- 1997 - The WNBA made its debut.
- 1997 - Fidel Velázquez Sánchez dies (b. 1900). Mexican union leader.
- 1998 - Alan Shepard dies. American Astronaut
- 1998 - In Colombia Andres Pastrana, the conservative former mayor of Bogota, won the elections.
- 1998 - In the Czech Republic the Social Democrats placed first in parliamentary elections.
- 1999 - NATO finalized an agreement with the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) to demilitarize.
- 2000 - Section 28 (outlawing the 'promotion' of homosexuality in the United Kingdom)repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote.
- 2000 - Alan Hovhaness dies (b. 1911). American composer.
- 2001 - A federal grand jury in Alexandria, Va., indicted 13 Saudis and a Lebanese in the 1996 bombing of the Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia that killed 19 American servicemen.
- 2001 - Carroll O'Connor dies. American actor
- 2001 - John Lee Hooker dies. Blues musician
- 2002 - In Burundi a court has sentenced 11 people to death and 16 others to life imprisonment for taking part in massacres that followed the 1993 assassination of Burundi's first democratically elected leader.
- 2002 - The World Health Organization declares Europe polio free.
- 2002 - Roberto Drummond dies in Belo Horizonte (b 21 Dec 1933 in Ferros, Minas Gerais, Brazil). Brazilian writer.
- 2003 - Deputy Justice Fazel Ahmed Manawi of the Afghan Supreme Court announces that Aftab editor Sayed Madawi and his deputy Ali Payam Sestani will be tried for "libelling Islam"
- 2003 - Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the fifth book in J.K. Rowling's hugely
popular Harry Potter series is published. - 2003 - Lennox Lewis retained his heavyweight title after a cut stopped Vitali Klitschko after six brawling rounds in Los Angeles.
- 2003 - Roger Neilson dies (b. 1934). Canadian hockey coach
- 2003 - Sergio Endrigo dies (b. 15 June 1933). Italian singer.
- 2003 - Leon Uris dies (b. 1924). American writer.
- 2004 - Leonel Brizola dies (b. 22 Jan 1922). Former governor of Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro states, one of Brazil's most notable leftist politicians, created and armed the so-called "Groups of 11," cells designed to resist the military dictatorship.
- 2005 - Donald Tsang Yam Kuen is appointed by the People's Republic of China to take over from Tung Chee Hwa as the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
- 2005 - Jaime Cardinal Sin dies (b. 1928). Filipino Catholic Archbishop of Manila.
- Summer solstice (Northern hemisphere) The summer solstice, the longest day of the year, is the moment when the perceived pattern of the sun is farthest from the Equator. Winter solstice (Southern hemisphere)
- National Aboriginal Day in Canada (starting in 1996)
- Fête de la Musique in France, Belgium and Switzerland.
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