On this day in History - Mar. 23

• 0337 - Constantine, Emperor of Rome, died at the age of 47.
• 0625 - Battle of Uhud takes place between Muslims and Pagans in Arabia
• 0752 - Stephan II becomes Pope but on the third day after his election, he died before his consecration
• 1103 - Eudes I, Duke of Burgundy dies (b. 1058).
• 1153 - Treaty of Konstanz between Frederik I "Barbarossa" and Pope Eugene III.
• 1169 - Shirkuh dies. Kurd General, vizier of Cairo, Saladin's uncle.
• 1174 - Jocelin, abbot of Melrose, is elected bishop of Glasgow
• 1237 - Jan of Brienne dies. King of Jerusalem, Emperor of Constantinople.
• 1312 - The Order of the Knights Templar is officially suppressed
• 1369 - King Pedro of Castile dies (b. 1334)
• 1429 - Margaret of Anjou was born (d. 1482). Queen of Henry VI of England
• 1490 - Primera publicación impresa de la "Mishna Torah" de Maimónides.
• 1548 - Itagaki Nobukata dies. A retainer of Takeda Shingen.
• 1555 - Pope Julius III (Giovanni M. del Monte) dies (b. 1487). Pope (1550-55), died. He was succeeded by Marcellus II.
• 1559 - Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia dies killed in battle (b. 1521/1522)
• 1559 - Fernão Lopes de Castanheda dies (b. c. 1500). Portuguese historian.
• 1568 - Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de Medici and Charles IX of France make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.
• 1594 - The French Wars of Religion between the Protestants and Catholics ended when Henri IV took the throne.
• 1596 - Henry Unton dies. English diplomat
• 1606 - Sto. Toribio de Mogrovejo dies. (Obispo)Patrono del Episcopado Latinoamericano Perú.
• 1618 - James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn dies. Scottish politician
• 1638 - Religious dissident Anne Hutchinson was expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony as punishment for heresy.
• 1638 - Frederik Ruysch was born (d. 1731). DutcH physician and anatomist.
• 1651 - Jean-Baptiste Santerre was born (d. 21 Nov 1717). French painter.
• 1653 - Johan van Galen dies (b. 1604). Dutch naval officer.
• 1661 - Pieter de Molyn dies buried. Dutch landscape painter, draftsman, and etcher of Flemish descent, born in London, and baptized there as an infant on 06 April 1595.
• 1680 - Nicolas Fouquet dies (b. 1615). French statesman.
• 1699 - John Bartram was born (d. 1777). American botanist.
• 1708 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth.
• 1723 - Agha Mohammad Khan Ghajar was born (d. 1771). King of Iran.
• 1742 - Jean-Baptiste Dubos dies (b. 1670). French writer.
• 1743 - Handel's masterpiece Messiah is played for the first time at Convent Garden Theatre .
• 1747 - Claude Alexandre de Bonneval dies (b. 1675)., French soldier-
• 1748 - Johann Gottfried Walther dies (b. 1684). German music theorist, organist, and composer.
• 1749 - Pierre Simon de Laplace was born (d. 1827). Mathematician and astronomer.
• 1754 - Baron Jurij Vega was born (d. 1802). Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer
• 1754 - Johann Jakob Wettstein dies (b. 1693). Swiss theologian.
• 1758 - Jonathan Edwards dies at the age of 54. American theologian and philosopher.
• 1769 - William Smith was born (d. 1839). Geologist and cartographer.
• 1769 - Augustin Daniel Belliard was born (d. 1832). French general.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his famous speech - "give me liberty or give me death" in Williamsburg, Virginia.
• 1783 - Charles Caroll dies (b. 1723). American lawyer and delegate to the Continental Continental Congress
• 1801 - Tsar Paul I of Russia (b. 1754) is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death in his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle.
• 1806 - After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their arduous journey home.
• 1808 - El mariscal Murat llega a Madrid como general en jefe de las tropas francesas en España.
• 1809 - Hippolyte-Jean Flandrin, French Neoclassical painter and lithographer who died on 21 March 1864; son of amateur painter of portraits Jean-Baptiste-Jacques Flandrin [1773–1838].
• 1814 - Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda was born. Spanish poetess.
• 1821 - Battle and fall of city of Kalamata, Greek War of Independence.
• 1823 - Schuyler Colfax was born (d. 1885). Vice President of the United States
• 1826 - Léon Minkus was born (d. 1917). German/Czech composer and violinist.
• 1831 - Eduard Schlagintweit was born (d. 1866). German writer.
• 1834 - Julius Reubke was born (d. 1858). German composer.
• 1839 - First recorded use of "OK" as an abbreviation for "oll korrect" in the Boston Morning Post.
• 1842 - Stendhal (Marie Henri Beyle) dies (b. 1783). French writer.
• 1848 - Hungary proclaimed its independence of Austria.
• 1848 - The ship John Wickliffe arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded.
• 1849 - At the Battle of Novara, during the first Italian War of Independence, outnumbered Austrian troops under Field Marshal Joseph Radetzky destroyed the poorly trained Italian troops of Charles Albert, king of Sardinia-Piedmont.
• 1849 - Andrés Manuel del Río dies. Mexican mineralogist.
• 1857 - Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway, New York City.
• 1857 - Death of Emile L'Angelier in Glasgow, Scotland -- possibly by the hand of Madeleine Smith.
• 1857 - Alphonse Osbert was born (d. 11 Aug 1939). French Symbolist painter.
• 1858 - Ludwig Quidde was born (d. 1941). German historian and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1927.
• 1867 - Norton de Matos was born (d. 1955). Portuguese general and politician.
• 1868 - The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law.
• 1868 - Dietrich Eckart was born (d. 1923). Early supporter of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party and member of Thule Society
• 1874 - Henri-Charles Manguin was born (d. 25 Sep 1949). French Fauvist painter.
• 1878 - Franz Schreker was born (d. 1934). Austrian composer.
• 1879 - Batalla de Topater y ocupación de Calama por parte del Ejército Chileno durante la Guerra del Pacífico, entre Chile, Perú y Bolivia .
• 1881 - Roger Martin du Gard was born (d. 1958). French novelist, Nobel Prize for Literature laureate in 1937.
• 1881 - Hermann Staudinger was born (d. 1965). German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1882 - Polygamy was outlawed by Congress, specifically targeting the practices of the Mormon church.
• 1882 - Emmy Noether was born (d. 1935). German mathematician.
• 1887 - Prince Felix Yussupov was born (d. 1967). Russian assassin of Rasputin.
• 1887 - Josef Capek was born. Czech painter, printmaker, illustrator of children's book, and writer, who died in early April 1945 in the Nazis' Bergen-Belsen death camp.
• 1887 - Juan Gris (José Victoriano Carmelo González Pérez) was born (d. 11 May 1927) . Spanish Cubist painter and sculptor.
• 1889 - Land run: President Benjamin Harrison opens Oklahoma to white settlement starting on April 22.
• 1889 - The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community was established by Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian India.
• 1889 - Free Woolwich Ferry officially opened in east London.
• 1889 - Yukichi Chuganji was born (d. 2003). Oldest man alive on.
• 1896 - The Raines Law is passed by the New York State Legislature, restricting Sunday sale of alcohol to hotels
• 1896 - Joaquim Possidónio da Silva dies. Portuguese archeologist and architect.
• 1898 - Ricardo Molinari was born. Argentine writer.
• 1899 - Dora Gerson was born (d, 1943). German actress and singer.
• 1900 - Erich Fromm was born (d. 1980). German-born psychoanalyst.
• 1903 - The Wright Brothers apply for a patent on their invention of one of the first successful airplanes after much hard work.
• 1903 - Alejandro Casona was born. Dramatist.
• 1903 - Elena Caffarena was born in Iquique (d. 2003). Chilean women rights activist.
• 1904 - Apolinário Porto-Alegre dies (b. 1844). Brazilian writer, poet and journalist
• 1905 - Joan Crawford was born (d. 1977). Legendary American actress.
• 1905 - Lale Andersen was born (d. 1972). German singer and cabaretist.
• 1907 - Daniel Bovet was born. Swiss-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1957.
• 1909 - Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society.
• 1910 - Akira Kurosawa was born († 1998). Japanese film director ( Rashomon (1950)).
• 1912 - Wernher von Braun was born (d. 16 Jun1977). Wernher Magnus Maximilian von Braun was a German-born American engineer who played a prominent role in all aspects of rocketry and space exploration, first in Germany and, after World War II, in the United States .
• 1915 - Vasily Zaitsev was born (d. 1991). World War II hero.
• 1917 - Carolina Muzzili dies (b. 1889). Argentine labour activist, feminist and journalist,
• 1918 - Lithuania proclaims independence.
• 1918 - Proclamación de la independencia de Letonia.
• 1919 - In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
• 1920 - Neal Smith (politician) was born. Former United States Congressman
• 1921 - Donald Campbell was born (d. 1967). British car and motorboat racer.
• 1922 - Ugo Tognazzi was born (d. 1990). Italian actor, director and screenwriter.
• 1923 - Kalidas Shrestha was born. Nepalese Artist
• 1925 - David Watkin was born. British cinematographer
• 1927 - Paul César Helleu was born (d. 1859). French artist.
• 1929 - Sir Roger Bannister was born. Athlete, first "Miracle Mile" .
• 1930 - Pat Robertson was born. American televangelist
• 1931 - The Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt embrace gallows during the Indian struggle for independence. Their request to be shot by a firing squad is refused.
• 1931 - Viktor Korchnoi was born. Russian chess player
• 1931 - Yevgenij Grishin was born (d. 2005). Russian speed skater.
• 1931 - Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev dies. Indian freedom fighters
• 1931 - Batukeshwar Dutt dies. Indian Freedom Fighter.
• 1932 - Don Marshall was born. Canadian ice hockey player.
• 1933 - The Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany.
• 1933 - Philip Zimbardo was born. American psychologist, known for the Stanford prison experiment
• 1933 - Laura Soveral was born. Portuguese actress
• 1934 - Mark Rydell was born. American film and television director.
• 1934 - Ludvig Faddeev was born. Russian mathematician.
• 1934 - Fernand Gignac was born (d. 2006). Quebec singer and actor.
• 1935 - Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines .
• 1935 - Ana de Castro Osório dies in Lisbon (b. in Mangualde 1935). Portuguese writer whose work had the children as target. She was also a women rights activist / Morre em Lisboa a escritora juvenil e publicista Ana de Castro Osório nascida em Mangualde em 1935. Foi uma das mais notáveis empreendedoras da luta pelos direitos das mulheres em Portugal.
• 1935 - Florence Moore dies (b. 1886). American actress.
• 1937 - Robert Gallo was born. American biomedical researcher who is best known for his role in identifying the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• 1937 - Craig Breedlove was born. Former land speed record holder .
• 1938 - Maynard Jackson was born (d. 2003). American politician.
• 1939 - Pepe Lienhard was born. Swiss band leader and entertainer
• 1940 - The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Pakistan or the then Qarardad-e-Lahore) is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All India Muslim League.
• 1941 - Jim Trelease was born. American educator and children's literature author
• 1942 - World War II: In the Indian Ocean, Japanese forces capture the Anadaman Islands.
• 1942 - Walter Rodney was born (d. 1980). Guyanese historian and political figure.
• 1943 - Nils-Aslak Valkeapää was born (d. 2001). Finnish writer.
• 1944 - Michael Nyman was born. British minimalist composer.
• 1944 - Lídia Franco was born. Portuguese actress.
• 1948 - David Olney was born. American musician
• 1949 - Ric Ocasek was born. American musician ("The Cars") .
• 1950 - Anthony De Longis was born. American actor.
• 1951 - Corinne Clery was born. French actress.
• 1951 - Ron Jaworski was born. American NFL quarterback, ESPN analyst.
• 1952 - Kim Stanley Robinson was born. Science fiction author.
• 1952 - Teófilo Stevenson was born. Cuban boxeur who won the gold medal in Olympic Games of Munich 72, Montreal and Moscow 80.
• 1953 - Raoul Dufy dies (b. 03 Jun 1877). French Fauvist painter, printmaker, and decorative artist.
• 1953 - Chaka Khan was born. American singer.
• 1955 - Moses Malone was born. American basketball player
• 1955 - Petrea Burchard was born. American actress
• 1955 - Arthur da Silva Bernardes dies (b. 1875). President of Brazil.
• 1956 - Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world.
• 1956 - José Manuel Durão Barroso was born. Portuguese politician, president of the European Commission
• 1956 - Thomas Wassberg was born. Swedish cross-country skier
• 1957 - Amanda Plummer was born. American actress
• 1957 - Robbie James was born (d. 1998). Welsh footballer.
• 1960 - Nicol Stephen was born. Deputy First Minister of Scotland
• 1960 - Franklin Pierce Adams dies (b. 1881). American newspaper columnist.
• 1961 - Helmi Johannes was born. Indonesian television newscaster
• 1962 - NS Savannah, the first nuclear-powered cargo-passenger ship, was launched as a showcase for Dwight D. Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace initiative.
• 1962 - Início da crise estudantil nas Universidades de Coimbra e de Lisboa, que se prolongará até Maio.
• 1963 - In London, United Kingdom, Grethe & Jørgen Ingmann win the eighth Eurovision Song Contest for Denmark singing "Dansevise" (Dancing tune).
• 1964 - Hope Davis was born. American actress.
• 1964 - John Pinette was born. American comedian.
• 1964 - Peter Lorre dies (b. 1904). Hungarian-born actor.
• 1965 - NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young).
• 1965 - La Asamblea Nacional de Honduras declara presidente constitucional a Oswaldo López Arellano.
• 1965 - Richard Grieco was born. American actor and singer.
• 1965 - Marti Pellow was born. Scottish singer.
• 1965 - Gary Whitehead was born. American poet.
• 1965 - Mae Murray dies (b. 1889). American actress.
• 1967 - David Ford was born. Canadian kayaker.
• 1968 - Damon Albarn was born. English musician ("Blur") .
• 1968 - Fernando Hierro was born. Spanish football player.
• 1968 - Mitch Cullin was born. American novelist
• 1968 - Edwin O'Connor dies (b. 1918). American novelist and Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner.
• 1970 - Del Lord dies (b. 1894). Canadian pioneer Hollywood director.
• 1971 - Roberto Levingston, President of Argentina, is deposed in a coup-état
• 1971 - Gail Porter was born. British television presenter .
• 1971 - Yasmeen Ghauri was born. Canadian supermodel
• 1971 - Karen McDougal was born. American model
• 1971 - Gail Porter was born. British television presenter
• 1971 - Alexander Selivanov was born. Russian ice hockey player
• 1971 - Hiroyoshi Tenzan was born. Japanese professional wrestler
• 1972 - Pedro Lamy was born. Portuguese race car driver.
• 1972 - Judith Godrèche was born. Actress/author.
• 1972 - Cristóbal Balenciaga dies (b. 1895). Spanish fashion designer.
• 1973 - Jason Kidd was born. Basketball player.
• 1973 - Jerzy Dudek was born. Polish football goalkeeper.
• 1975 - Alydar was born (d. 1990). American racehorse.
• 1976 - The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights entered into force, incorporating almost all the international human rights proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
• 1976 - Keri Russell was born. American actress.
• 1976 - Ricardo Zonta was born. Brazilian racing car driver.
• 1977 - Jean Carlos Gamarra was born. Peruvian Taekwondo Player.
• 1978 - The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line.
• 1978 - Nicholle Tom was born. American actress
• 1978 - Walter Samuel was born. Argentine footballer
• 1979 - Mark Buehrle was born. American baseball player
• 1979 - Misty Hyman was born. American swimmer
• 1979 - Chad Dittman was born. President and CEO of the Intense Football League.
• 1979 - Orlando Letelier dies (b. 1932). Chilean ambassador to the United States.
• 1979 - Ted Anderson dies (b. 1911). English footballer.
• 1980 - Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador gives his famous speech appealing to men of the El Salvadoran armed forces to stop killing the Salvadorans.
• 1981 - Golpe de Estado en Bangladesh, que derriba al Gobierno.
• 1981 - Luciana Carro was born. Canadian actress
• 1981 - Erin Crocker was born. Nascar driver
• 1982 - El poeta mexicano Octavio Paz recibe el premio Cervantes de Literatura.
• 1982 - Tomasz Kuszczak was born. Polish football goalkeeper.
• 1983 - Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles.
• 1983 - the Apatosaurus is made the official state dinosaur of Guam.
• 1983 - Barney Clark dies. First artificial heart recipient.
• 1985 - Maurice Drew was born. American football player.
• 1985 - Richard Beeching dies. Chairman of British Railways
• 1986 - Steven Strait was born. American actor.
• 1987 - Willy Brandt dimite como presidente del Partido Socialdemócrata Alemán. Le sucede Hans Jochen Vogel.
• 1987 - 30 hurt as car bomb hits Army base: More than 30 people are injured in a car bomb explosion at the UK Army headquarters in Rheindahlen, West Germany.
• 1989 - Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann announce cold fusion at the University of Utah.
• 1989 - A 1,000-foot diameter Near-Earth asteroid misses the Earth by 400,000 miles.
• 1990 - Katelyn DePutter was born. Poker champion .
• 1990 - Princess Eugenie of York was born.
• 1992 - Friedrich Hayek dies (b. 1899). Aistrian economist, Nobel laureate in 1974.
• 1993 - Hans Werner Richter dies (b. 1908). German author.
• 1994 - At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez.
• 1994 - A Russian Airbus A-310 crashed in Siberia and some 70 people were killed.
• 1994 - Luis Donaldo Colosio dies (b. 1950). Mexican politician.
• 1994 - Giulietta Masina dies (b. 1921). Italian actress, wife of Federico Felini
• 1996 - The Republic of China on Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President.
• 1997 - Cinco muertos en Canadá en otro suicidio colectivo de la secta del Templo Solar.
• 1998 - The film Titanic tied the record by winning 11 Oscars including best picture and best director (James Cameron) and song. Helen Hunt and Jack Nicholson won the best actor awards and Kim Bassinger and Robin Williams won the best supporting actors awards.
• 1998 - El presidente de Rusia, Boris Nikolaievich Yeltsin, destituye de manera inesperada al primer ministro, Viktor Chernomirdin, y a todo su gabinete, y abre la carrera por su sucesión al frente del Kremlin.
• 1998 - Gerald Stano dies (b. 1951). American serial killer.
• 1999 - Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña.
• 2000 - Horst Koehler (57) of Germany, president of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, became the new president of the 182-nation IMF following endorsement by the 24-member board of directors.
• 2000 - In Rwanda Pres. Pasteur Bizimungu resigned following a month long debate on ethnic tensions and corruption. In 2004 Bizimungu was sentenced to 15 years for inciting violence after a falling out with Kagame.
• 2001 - The Russian Mir space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji.
• 2001 - A estação orbital russa MIR reentrou na atmosfera e despenhou-se controladamente no Oceano Pacífico .
• 2002 - Irina Slutskaya captured her first world title, defeating four-time champion Michelle Kwan at the World Figure Skating Championships in Nagano, Japan.
• 2002 - Eileen Farrell dies (b. 1920). American soprano.
• 2002 - Ben Hollioake dies (b. 1977). English cricketer.
• 2003 - In the 75th annual Academy Awards "Chicago" won for Best Picture, Roman Polanski for best director (The Pianist), Adrien Brody for best actor (The Pianist), Nicole Kidman for best actress (The Hours), Chris Cooper for best-supporting actor (Adaptation), and Catherine Zeta-Jones for best supporting actress (Chicago).
• 2003 - In Nasiriyah, Iraq, 11 soldiers of the 507th Maintenance Company as well as 18 U.S. Marines are killed during the first major conflict of Operation Iraqi Freedom.
• 2003 - Fritz Spiegl dies (b. 1926). Austrian-born journalist.
• 2004 - Rupert Hamer dies (b. 1916). Australian politician.
• 2004 - In Oregon, the commissioners of Benton County decided not to start issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
• 2005 - In South Africa some 21,000 Harmony Gold Mining Co. Ltd. mineworkers went on strike after mediation efforts with the union over pay and working conditions failed.
• 2005 - The United States 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, in a 2-1 decision, refuses to order the reinsertion of Terri Schiavo's feeding tube.
• 2006 - Federal Reserve discontinues publishing M3 money supply.
• 2006 - Desmond Doss dies (b. 1919). American soldier and first conscientious objector Medal of Honor recipient.
• 2006 - Cindy Walker dies (b. 1918). American singer, songwriter and dancer.
• 2007 - Playstation 3 is released in Europe.
• Pakistan - National Day (Republic Day)
• Otago, New Zealand - Anniversary Day
• World Metereological Day
• Roman Empire - The fifth and final day of Quinquatria, held in honor of Minerva.
• Roman Empire - Tubilustrium was held in honor of Mars.