On this day in History - Mar. 19

• 1238 - Duke Henry I of Poland dies (b. 1163)
• 1263 - Hugh of St Cher dies. French cardinal.
• 1279 - Emperor Bing of Song China dies (b. 1271).
• 1279 - Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China.
• 1286 - King Alexander III of Scotland dies (b. 1241) .
• 1313 - Execução de Jacques de Molay, Grão-Mestre da Ordem dos Templários, em França.
• 1330 - Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent dies executed (b. 1301). English politician.
• 1406 - Ibn Khaldun dies (b. 1332). Arab historian.
• 1413 - King Henry IV of England dies.
• 1434 - Ashikaga Yoshikatsu was born (b. 1443). Japanese shogun.
• 1452 - Frederick III became the last Holy Roman emperor to be crowned by a pope, Nicholas V.
• 1488 - Johannes Magnus was born (d. 1544). Last Catholic Archbishop of Sweden.
• 1534 - José de Anchieta was born (d. 1597). Spanish Jesuit missionary to Brazil / Nascimento do Padre José de Anchieta, em San Cristóbal de La Laguna-Canárias, fundador da cidade de São Paulo, no Brasil. Ficou conhecido como 'O Apóstolo do Brasil' .
• 1560 - In the Conspiracy of Amboise, French Huguenot aristocrats failed to overthrow the Roman Catholic house of Guise.
• 1604 - John IV (D. João IV) was born (d. 1656). King of Portugal (1640-56).
• 1623 - Uesugi Kagekatsu dies (b. 1556). Japanese samurai and warlord.
• 1629 - Aleksei M Romanov was born. 1st Romanov tsar of Russia.
• 1637 - Péter Pázmány dies (b. 1570). Hungarian cardinal and statesman.
• 1644 - 200 members of Peking imperial family/court commit suicide .
• 1649 - Gerhard Johann Vossius dies (b. 1577). German classical scholar and theologian.
• 1673 - Pedro Vaz Rego was born. Composer .
• 1683 - Thomas Killigrew dies (b. 1612). English dramatist.
• 1684 - Jean Astruc was born (d. 1766). French physician and scholar.
• 1687 - French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle (b. 1643), searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River, is murdered by his own men.
• 1697 - Nicolaus Bruhns dies (b. 1665). German organist and composer.
• 1711 - Thomas Ken dies (b. 1637). English bishop and hymn-writer.
• 1717 - John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland dies. Scottish royalist
• 1721 - Tobias Smollett was born (d. 1771). Scottish author
• 1721 - Pope Clement XI [Giovanni F Albani] dies. Italian Pope (1700-21).
• 1721 - Em Setúbal, registou-se a entrada de 40 embarcações holandesas para carregar sal
• 1734 - Thomas McKean was born (d. 1817). American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence.
• 1739 - Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance was born (d. 1824). Third Consul of France.
• 1752 - Jose Mauricio Nunes Garcia was born (d. 18 Apr 1830). Brazilian composer.
• 1778 - Edward Pakenham was born (d. 1815). British general.
• 1796 - Hugh Palliser dies (b. 1722). British naval officer and administrator.
• 1808 - Carlos IV abdica la corona de España en su hijo Fernando VII.
• 1812 - Las Cortes de Cádiz juran la primera Constitución española.
• 1812 - Juramento da Constituição espanhola em Cádis. Ficará conhecida pela la Pepa.
• 1813 - David Livingstone was born (d. 1873). Missionary and explorer.
• 1818 - Acción de Cancha Rayada, por la independencia de Chile.
• 1821 - Richard Francis Burton was born (d. 1890). British explorer, diplomat and author
• 1823 - Levantamiento en Veracruz del general Santa Anna contra el emperador Itúrbide.
• 1824 or 1828 - William Allingham was born (d. 1889). Irish author.
• 1829 - Carl Frederik Tietgen was born (d. 1901). Danish financier and industrialist.
• 1831 - The City Bank of New York becomes the site of the first bank robbery in United States history ($245,000 taken).
• 1845 - José Pedro Varela was born in Montevideu (d. 1879). Uruguayan writer and politician.
• 1848 - Wyatt Earp was born (d. 1929). Policeman, gunfighter.
• 1849 - Alfred von Tirpitz was born (d. 1930). German World War I Admiral
• 1851 - William Henry Stark was born (d. 1936). American business leader.
• 1851 - Nace Roque Sáenz Peña, ideólogo de la ley de voto secreto y obligatorio en Argentina. Presidente da Argentina (1910-1914).
• 1853 - China: los Taiping se apoderan de Nanking y proclama a esta ciudad capital del país.
• 1860 - William Jennings Bryan was born. A Democratic and Populist leader and a magnetic orator who ran unsuccessfully three times for the U.S. presidency (1896, 1900, 1908).
• 1861 - The First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand.
• 1861 - Lomer Gouin was born (d. 1929). Quebec politician.
• 1863 - The Confederate cruiser SS Georgiana was destroyed on her maiden voyage. The wreck was discovered on the same day and month, exactly 102 years later by then teenage diver and adventurer E. Lee Spence.
• 1864 - Charles Marion Russell was born (d. 1926). American artist.
• 1865 - American Civil War: The Battle of Bentonville begins. By the end of the battle two days later the Confederate forces have retreated from Greenville, North Carolina.
• 1865 - William Morton Wheeler was born (d. 1937). American entomologist, myrmecologist, pioneer in ethology.
• 1871 - Schofield Haigh was born (d. 1921). British cricketer.
• 1871 - Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger dies (b. 1795). Austrian mineralogist.
• 1872 - Sergei Diaghilev was born (d. 1929). Russian ballet impresario.
• 1873 - Max Reger was born (d. 1916). German composer.
• 1882 - Colocación de la primera piedra del templo de la Sagrada Familia, en Barcelona, obra cumbre del arquitecto Gaudí.
• 1883 - Joseph Stilwell was born (d. 1946). US general.
• 1883 - Walter Haworth was born (d. 1950). British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1888 - Josef Albers was born (d. 1976). German artist .
• 1888 - Léon Scieur was birn (d. 1969). Belgian cyclist.
• 1889 - Nasceu o Rei D. Manuel II [ Manoel II was born, last king of Portugal(1908-1910)].
• 1891 - Georges Seurat dies. Painter.
• 1891 - Earl Warren was born (d. 1974). 14th Chief Justice of the United States
• 1892 - James Van Fleet was born (d. 1992). American general.
• 1894 - Joe Venuti was born (d. 1978). Jazz musician and violinist
• 1894 - Moms Mabley was born (d. 1975). Comedienne.
• 1898 - João da Cruz e Sousa dies (b. 1861). Brazilian poet.
• 1900 - Frédéric Joliot was born (d. 1958). French physicist and winner of 1935 Nobel Prize in chemistry
• 1900 - John Bingham dies (b. 1815). American politician and lawyer.
• 1904 - John Sirica was born (d. 1992). American judge.
• 1905 - Rafael María Merchán dies. Cuban writer and politician.
• 1905 - Albert Speer was born (d. 1981). Nazi official.
• 1906 - Adolf Eichmann was born (d. 1962). Nazi official.
• 1909 - Louis Hayward was born (d. 1985). British actor.
• 1909 - Attilio Demaria was born (d. 1990). Argentinian footballer.
• 1910 - Joseph F. Carroll was born (d. 1991). US Air Force Lt. Gen. and Founding Director, Defense Intelligence Agency.
• 1913 - Hernán Siles Zuazo was born. President of Bolivia.
• 1913 - Ocupación de Tetuán por las tropas españolas durante la guerra de Marruecos.
• 1914 - Jay Berwanger was born (d. 2002). American football star, winner of the first Heisman Trophy.
• 1914 - Leonidas Alaoglu was born (d. 1981). Greek-Canadian mathematician.
• 1914 - Fred Clark was born (d. 1968). American film actor.
• 1914 - Giuseppe Mercalli dies (b. 1850). Italian volcanologist.
• 1915 - Pluto is photographed for the first time but was not recognized as a planet.
• 1915 - Robert G. Cole was born (d. 1944). American Paratrooper of the 101st, 502nd division.
• 1916 - Eric Christmas was born (d. 2000). British actor.
• 1916 - Irving Wallace was born (d. 1990). American novelist.
• 1916 - Eight American planes take off in pursuit of Pancho Villa, the first United States air-combat mission in history.
• 1916 - Vasily Surikov dies (b. 1848). Russian painter.
• 1917 - Dinu Lipatti was born (d. 1950). Romanian pianist.
• 1917 - Laszlo Szabo was born (d. 1998). Hungarian chess player.
• 1918 - The U.S. Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time.
• 1918 - António de Sommer Champalimaud was born. Portuguese entrepreneur.
• 1919 - Sangrienta represión a indígenas del Gran Chaco.
• 1920 - Józef Pilsudski was named marshal of Poland.
• 1920 - Kjell Aukrust was born (d. 2002). Norwegian author .
• 1920 - The United States Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles for the second time (first time was on November 19, 1919).
• 1921 - Alfredo Zayas es elegido presidente de Cuba.
• 1921 - Italian Fascists shoot from the Parenzana train to a group of children in Strunjan (Slovenia): two children are killed, two mangled, three wounded.
• 1921- Tommy Cooper was born. Welsh comedy magician .
• 1922 - Colocación de la primera piedra de la plaza de toros de Madrid.
• 1923 - Pamela Britton was born (d. 1974). American actress.
• 1923 - Henry Morgentaler was born. Canadian gynecologist.
• 1924 - Mary Wimbush was born (d. 2005). British actress.
• 1927 - Richie Ashburn was born (d. 1997). American baseball player.
• 1928 - Hans Küng was born. Swiss theologian.
• 1928 - Patrick McGoohan was born. Actor.
• 1930 - Ornette Coleman was born. Musician.
• 1930 - Arthur Balfour dies (b. 1848). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
• 1931 - Gambling is legalized in Nevada.
• 1931 - The Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra played its first concert in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
• 1932 - The Sydney Harbour Bridge is opened.
• 1933 - Plebiscito do projecto de Constituição Política da República apresentado pelo governo de Salazar e que marcou o início do Estado Novo em Portugal. O projecto mereceu o apoio de 59, 3 % da população, tendo-se 40,2 % abstido.
• 1933 - Philip Roth was born. American author.
• 1934 - La Cámara de Representantes de los EEUU aprueba la concesión de la independencia a las islas Filipinas.
• 1936 - Ursula Andress was born in Berne. Swiss actress (Dr No, She, Sensuous Nurse) .
• 1936 - Birthe Wilke was born. Danish singer
• 1937 - Texas (EEUU): 738 personas muertas por una explosión de gas en una escuela.
• 1937 - Horacio Quiroga Uruguayan author/poet, commits suicide at 58 .
• 1937 - Clarence "Frogman" Henry was born. American musician
• 1937 - Egon Krenz was born. President of East Germany
• 1939 - Lloyd L. Gaines dies (b. c. 1913). Civil rights activist.
• 1939 - Joe Kapp was born. American football star.
• 1939 - Lloyd L. Gaines dies. American civil rights activist
• 1941 - World War II: The 99th Pursuit Squadron also known as the Tuskegee Airmen, the first all-black unit of the Army Air Corp, is activated.
• 1942 - The Thoroughbred Racing Association is established in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1942 - Clinton Hart Merriam dies (b. 1855). American zoologist.
• 1943 - José Legrá was born. Cuban-born boxeur.
• 1943 - Frank Nitti, Chicago Outfit Boss after Al Capone committed suicide at the Chicago Central Railyard.
• 1943 - Mario Monti was born, aka "Super Mario". Italian politician.
• 1943 - Mario J. Molina was born. Mexican chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1944 - Said Musa was born. Prime Minister of Belize
• 1944 - Sirhan Sirhan was born. Palestinian-born assassin
• 1944 - World War II: Nazi forces occupy Hungary.
• 1945 - World War II: Off the coast of Japan, a dive bomber hits the aircraft carrier USS Franklin, killing 800 of her crew and crippling the ship.
• 1945 - World War II: Adolf Hitler issues his "Nero Decree" ordering all industries, military installations, shops, transportation facilities and communications facilities in Germany be destroyed.
• 1945 - Friedrich Fromm dies (b. 1888). German Nazi official.
• 1946 - French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion become overseas départements of France.
• 1946 - Bigas Luna was born. Spanish film director.
• 1946 - Ruth Pointer was born. American singer (Pointer Sisters)
• 1947 - Marinho Peres was born. Brazilian football player
• 1947 - Glenn Close was born. American actress.
• 1950 - Edgar Rice Burroughs dies (b. 1875). American author.
• 1950 - Walter Haworth dies (b. 1883). British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1953 - 25th Academy Awards are first televised. "Greatest Show on Earth", Gary Cooper & Shirley Booth win
• 1953 - Ricky Wilson was born (d. 1985). American musician (The B-52's).
• 1954 - Joey Giardello knocks out Willie Tory in round seven at Madison Square Garden in the first televised prize boxing fight shown in color.
• 1954 - Herman José was born. Portuguese TV personality and humorist.
• 1955 - Bruce Willis was born. American actor .
• 1956 - Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues was born. Minister of Education in Portugal.
• 1957 - Manuel Ribeiro de Pavia dies (b. 1910). Portuguese painter.
• 1958 - A fire in a loft building in New York, New York kills 24 people.
• 1958 - Em Estrasburgo, realizou-se a primeira reunião do Parlamento Europeu .
• 1962 - Algerian War of Independence: A ceasefire takes effect.
• 1962 - Bob Dylan releases his first, self-titled album.
• 1962 - Arturo Frondizi, presidente de Argentina, es depuesto por el Ejército.
• 1962 - Ivan Calderon was born (d. 2003). Puerto Rican baseball player.
• 1962 - Jim Korderas was born. American professional wrestling referee
• 1963 - Se suscribe la "Cumbre de San José", de la que emana la Declaración de Costa Rica.
• 1964 - Yoko Kanno was born. Japanese composer
• 1965 - Chivu Stoica becomes President of the Council of Romanian People's Republic & Nicolae Ceausescu appointed 1st Secretary of Romanian communist party.
• 1965 - Indonesia nationalizes all foreign oil companies.
• 1966 - James "Big Jim" Wright was born. American record producer
• 1968 - Mário Soares é preso pela PIDE e deportado posteriormente para a ilha de São Tomé.
• 1969 - Collapse of 385 metre tall TV-mast at Emley Moor, UK, because of icing.
• 1969 - Connor Trinneer was born. American actor.
• 1971 - Nadja Auermann was born. German supermodel.
• 1971 - Kirsty Williams was born. British politician
• 1972 - India and Bangladesh sign a friendship treaty.
• 1974 - Vida Guerra was born. Cuban-American swimsuit model.
• 1974 - Edward Platt dies (b. 1916). American actor.
• 1975 - Vivian Hsu was born. Taiwanese singer, actress and model
• 1975 - Brann Dailor was born. American drummer
• 1975 - Matthew Richardson was born. Australian Rules footballer.
• 1976 - Alessandro Nesta was born. Italian footballer
• 1976 - Rachel Blanchard was born in Toronto. Canadian actress (Cher Horowitz-Clueless)
• 1976 - Albert Dieudonné dies (b. 1889). French actor, screenwriter and novelist.
• 1976 - Paul Kossoff dies (b. 1950). British guitarist (Free)
• 1977 - Sebastián Alexandre was born. Argentinean cyclist.
• 1978 - UN Security Council Resolution 425 and 426 were passed, calling upon Israel immediately to cease its military action and withdraw its forces from all Lebanese territory (Operation Litani), and established the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).
• 1978 - Gaston Julia dies (b. 1893). French mathematician, (Julia Sets).
• 1979 - The United States House of Representatives begins broadcasting its day-to-day business via the cable television network C-SPAN.
• 1979 - Hee-Seop Choi was born. Korean Major League Baseball player
• 1979 - Ivan Ljubičić was born. Croatian tennis player.
• 1979 - Christos Patsatzoglou was born. Greek footballer.
• 1979 - Richard Beckinsale dies (b. 1947). British actor.
• 1980 - Mikuni Shimokawa was born. Japanese singer.
• 1980 - Don Sparrow was born. Canadian illustrator.
• 1980 - Tamara de Lempicka dies (b. 1898). Art deco painter.
• 1981 - Three workers are killed and five injured during a test of the Space Shuttle Columbia.
• 1981 - Kim Rae Won was born. South Korean actor and model
• 1981 - Kolo Touré was born. Ivorian footballer
• 1982 - Falklands War: Argentines land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war.
• 1982 - Matt Littler was born. British actor
• 1982 - Randy Rhoads dies (b. 1956). Guitarist of Quiet Riot.
• 1985 - Ernesto Viso was born. Venezuelan racing driver
• 1987 - Following a scandal involving Jessica Hahn, televangelist Jim Bakker resigns from the PTL.
• 1987 - É assinado em Pequim o acordo final para a devolução de Macau à China.
• 1987 - Louis-Victor de Broglie dies (b. 1892). French physicist and winner 1929 of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
• 1989 - Alan Civil dies (b. 1929). English French horn player.
• 1990 - Andrew Wood dies (b. 1966). American musician (Mother Love Bone)
• 1991 - Ruy Furtado dies (b. 1919). Portuguese actor.
• 1992 - Foi anunciada a separação dos Duques de York .
• 1992 - Guatemala y la CE firman un convenio para desarrollar las telecomunicaciones en Centroamérica.
• 1994 - Irvin Flores dies. Puerto Rican nationalist leader who attacked the US Congress in 1954.
• 1995 - Finland Social-Democratic Party wins parliamentary election .
• 1995 - Yasuo Yamada dies (b. 1932). Japanese voice actor.
• 1996 - One of the worst fires in the history of the Philippines swept through a Manila discotheque, killing 159 of the 400 people in the nightclub, which was intended to hold no more than 35.
• 1996 - Winnie Mandela divorces Nelson after 38 years of marriage.
• 1997 - Willem de Kooning dies (b. 1904). Dutch-American artist, a major exponent of Abstract Expressionism and Action painting whose series Woman I–VI caused a stir with its violent images and impulsive technique.
• 1999 - Jaime Sabines dies (b. 1926). Mexican poet.
• 1999 - José Agustín Goytisolo dies (suicide) (b. 1928). Spanish poet.
• 1999 - Juanita Reina dies (b. 1925). Spanish singer and actress.
• 2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda ends (started on March 2) after killing 500 Taliban and al Qaeda fighters with 11 allied troop fatalities.
• 2003 - The invasion of Iraq begins (with the time difference, it actually begins on March 20 at 0100 UTC) .
• 2003 - Michael Mathias Prechtl dies (b. 1926). German illustrator.
• 2003 - Émile Genest dies (b. 1921). French Canadian actor.
• 2004 - Äänekoski bus disaster - A long-distance lorry and a bus crash head-on in Äänekoski, Finland. 24 people are killed and 13 injured.
• 2004 - A Swedish DC-3 shot down by a Russian Mig-15 in the 1950s is finally recovered after years of work. The remains of the crew are left in place, pending further investigations.
• 2004 - Taiwanese president Chen Shui-ban is shot just before the country's presidential election on March 20. See 3-19 Shooting Incident.
• 2004 - Mitchell Sharp dies (b. 1911). Canadian politician.
• 2005 - John De Lorean dies (b. 1925). American automobile engineer.
• 2006 - Second World Congress of Imams and Rabbis for Peace convened in Seville, Spain.
• Roman Catholicism and Church of England - Saint Joseph's Day for Saint Joseph of Nazareth, spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary, stepfather of Jesus; patron saint of Belgium, a good death, carpenters
• Father's Day in Spain, Portugal, Belgium.