0870 - The Fourth Constantinople Council closed, under Pope Adrian II in the West and Emperor Basil I in the East. The council had condemned iconoclasm, and became the last ecumenical council held in the Eastern Mediterranean area.
1066 - Westminster Abbey opens.
1525 - O último imperador azteca, Cuauhtemoc, é torturado e executado pelo conquistador espanhol Hernan Cortes.
1552 -
Joost Bürgi was born (d. 31 Jan 1632). Swiss/German mathematician who invented logarithms independently of the Scottish mathematician John Napier.
1561 -
Ambroise Paré published La méthode curative des playes et fractures de la teste humaine ("Treatment method for wounds and fractures of the human head").
1594 - O médico de Elizabeth I, Roger Loper, é preso por suposta conspiração para envenenar a Rainha .
1609 - Paul Sartorius dies at 39. Composer.
1644 - Holandeses abandonam São Luís e a capitania do Maranhão volta ao domínio português.
1683 -
René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur was born (d. 17 Oct 1757). French scientist active in various fields, and the foremost entomologist of the early 18th century .
1704 -
Louis Godin was born (d. 1760). French astonomer.
1736 - Por decreto, a Coroa portuguesa, obriga a que o transporte de ouro, diamantes e outras pedras preciosas do Brasil, se faça exclusivamente nos cofres das frotas.
1743 - René-Just Haüy was born (d. 1 Jun 1822). French
mineralogist who was the
founder of the science of crystallography through his discovery of the geometrical law of crystallization.
1786 -
John Gwynn dies (b. 1713). English architect and engineer.
1788 -
Thomas Cushing dies (b. 1725). American Continental Congressman.
1797 -
Mary Lyon was born. Educator (Mt Holyoke) (Hall of Fame).
1806 - Forças francesas capturam Barcelona, Espanha.
1811 - Comienza el movimiento pro independencia de Uruguay, a orillas del río Asensio.
1820 -
John Tenniel was born (d. 1914). English illustrator.
1824 -
Blondin was born (d. 1897). French tightrope walker.
1825 - Assinatura de um tratado entre a Grã-Bretanha e a Rússia fixando os limites fronteiriços entre o Canadá e o Alasca, então uma possessão russa.
- 1830 - O Visconde de Caramuru, presidente da Bahia (Brasil) é assassinado por um desconhecido.
1847 - Batalla de Sacramento: los EE.UU. derrotan a México.
1859 - Florian Cajori was born (d. 14 Aug 1930). Swiss-born U.S. educator and mathematician whose works on the history of mathematics were among the most eminent of his time.
1869 - Alphonse de Lamartine dies. French statesman and poet.
1875 - Sir Goldsworthy Gurney dies (b. 14 Feb 1793). Prolific English
inventor who
built technically successful
steam carriages a half century before the advent of the gasoline-powered automobile.
1877 - Henri-Édouard-Prosper Breuil was born (d. 14 Aug 1961). French archaeologist especially noted as an authority on prehistoric cave paintings of Europe and Africa.
1878 -
Artur Kapp was born (d. 1952). Estonian composer.
1885 - Batalla de Barranquilla entre los sublevados en Colombia contra el presidente de la República, Rafael Núñez, y los rebeldes.
1891 -
Armando Cortes-Rodrigues was born in Vila Franca do Campo, San Miguel Island, Azores (d. 14 Oct 1971). Portuguese writer.
1894 -
Ben Hecht was born (d. 1964). American playwright, film writer.
1895 -
Marcel Pagnol was born (d. 1974). French novelist, playwright and film director
- 1895 - Guiomar Novaes was born. Brazilian pianist (Brazilian Order of Merit).
1900 - General Sir Redvers Henry Buller's troops relieve British forces at Ladysmith – they have been under siege by the Boers since 2 November 1899.
1900 -
Wolfram Hirth was born (d. 1959). German pilot and designer of aircrafts.
1901 -
Linus Pauling was born in Portland, Oregon. American
chemist who applied quantum mechanics to the study of molecular structures, particularly in connection with chemical bonding The only winner of
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954 and
Peace 1962 (d. 1994) .
1903 -
Vincente Minnelli was born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 1986). Film director (American in Paris, Gigi ) .
- 1906 - Bugsy Siegel was born in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1947). American gangster.
- 1907 - Milton Caniff was born (d. 1988). American cartoonist (Terry and the Pirates, Steve Canyon).
- 1908 - Billie Bird was born (d. 2002). American actress.
1911 - Denis Parsons Burkitt was born (d. died 23 Mar 1993). British surgeon and
medical researcher. In the late 1950s, Burkitt began studying a form of lymphoma that affected children in his part of Africa (Burkitt's lymphoma).
1915 -
Zero Mostel was born (d. 1977 ). American actor ( Fiddler on the Roof).
1915 - Sir
Peter Medawar was born (d. 2 Oct 1987) . British zoologist who received (with Sir Macfarlane Burnet) the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1960 for the discovery of acquired immunological tolerance when he found (1953) that adult animals injected with foreign cells early in life accept skin grafts from the original cell donor.
1916 -
Henry James dies (b. 1843). American/British writer (The Wings of a Dove).
1916 - Audley Bowdler Williamson was born (d. 21 Nov 2004). British inventor and
manufacturer of skin-care products who invented
Swarfega hand cleaner, a green jelly that mechanics, printers and others use to wash grease, grime, and ink from their hands.
1917 -
Almafuerte (Pedro Bonifacio Palacios) dies. Argentine poet.
- 1921 - Conflicto armado entre Costa Rica y Panamá.
- 1921 - Pierre Clostermann was born (d. 2006). French World War II pilot.
- 1921 - António Palma dies. Portuguese actor.
1922 -
Egypt was declared an independent country.
1922 - Paulo Mendes Campos was born (d. 1991). Brazilian writer.
1924 - U.S. begins intervention in Honduras .
1925 -
Friedrich Ebert dies (b. 4 Feb 1871). Weimar Germany's first president
1929 -
Frank O. Gehry was born in Toronto. Canadian-American architect and designer, renowned worldwide for his original, sculptural, and often audacious work, including the curvaceous
Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.
1929 -
Hayden Fry was born. American football coach.
1929 - Baron Clemens von Pirquet dies (b. 12 May 1874). Austrian
physician who originated a skin test for tuberculosis that bears his name, a classic diagnostic
test in which tuberculin is applied to a superficial abrasion of the skin of the arm.
1930 -
Leon Neil Cooper was born. American physicist and winner of the 1972
Nobel Prize for Physics with John Bardeen and John Robert Schrieffer, for his role in developing the BCS (for their initials) theory of superconductivity.
1930 - Juan Aberle dies. Composer from El Salvador.
- 1931 - Dean Smith was born. American basketball coach.
1935 - Francisca (Chiquinha) Gonzaga dies. Brazilian composer.
1936 - Italian forces take Mt. Alaji in Abyssinia, avenging the massacre of 1895 .
1936 -
Charles Nicolle dies (b. 21 Sep 1866). French bacteriologist who received the 1928 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery (1909) that typhus is transmitted by the body louse.
- 1939 - The first issue of Serbian weekly magazine Politikin zabavnik was published.
- 1939 - The word "Dord" is discovered in the Webster's New International Dictionary, Second Edition, prompting an investigation.
1939 -
Tommy Tune was born. American dancer, choreographer, actor .
1939 -
Daniel C. Tsui was born. Chinese-born American
physicist who (with Horst L. Störmer and Robert B. Laughlin) received the 1998 Nobel Prize for Physics for the
discovery and explanation that the electrons in a powerful magnetic field at very low temperatures can form a quantum fluid whose particles have fractional electric charges (fractional quantum).
1940 -
Mario Andretti was born. Italian-American race car driver (1969 Indianopolis 500)
1940 -
Joe South was born. American singer and songwriter.
1941 - Se funda en Bogotá el Santa Fe Corporación Deportiva.
1942 - During
World War II, Japanese troops landed on the island of
Java, which they occupied until 1945.
1942 -
Dino Zoff was born. Italian legengary soccer player (goalkeeper).
1943 -
António Livramento was born (d. 7 Jun 1999). Portuguese roller hockey player considered several times the best player of the world.
1944 -
Win Aung was born. Burmese politician.
- 1946 - Robin Cook was born (d. 2005). British politician .
1948 - The last British troops left
India.
1948 -
Steven Chu,Steven Chu was born. American
physicist who (with Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips) was awarded the 1997 Nobel Prize for Physics for their independent, pioneering
research in cooling and trapping atoms using laser light.
1948 -
Bud Gartiser sets a new world record after clearing the 50-yard low hurdles in 6.8 seconds.
- 1948 - Mike Figgis was born. English director, writer and composer .
1949 - Es depuesto el presidente de Paraguay, Raimundo Rolón .
1951 - Protein structure. In 1951, their theoretical description of the structure of proteins was published by Linus Pauling and Robert Corey in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
1952 -
William Finn was born. American composer and lyricist .
1953 -
James D. Watson and
Francis Crick announce to friends that they have determined the chemical structure of
DNA; formal announcement April 25 following publication in April
Nature (pub. April 2).
1953 - Eliezer Sukenik dies (b. 12 Aug 1889). Eliezer Lipa Sukenik was a Polish-born Israeli archaeologist who identified the antiquity of the Dead Sea Scrolls.
1954 - Jean Bourgain was born. Belgian
mathematician who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1994 for his work in analysis .
1956 -
Jimmy Nicholl was born. Canadian-born Northern Irish footballer.
1956 -
Mike Tenay was born. American wrestling commentator.
1956 - Frigyes Riesz dies ( b. 22 Jan 1880). Hungarian mathematician and pioneer of functional analysis, which has found important applications to mathematical physics.
1958 -
Jeanne Mas was born. French singer and actress
1959 - United Arab Republic and Britain agree on a settlement following the Suez crisis .
1960 -
Dorothy Stratten was born (d. 1980). Canadian actress and Playboy model .
1961 -
René Simard was born. French Canadian singer and TV host
1966 -
Paulo Futre was born in Montijo. Portuguese football player.
1967 -
Henry Luce dies (b. 1898). American publisher.
1970 -
Lemony Snicket was born. American writer, author of The Series of Unfortunate Events books .
- 1971 - 53rd PGA Championship: Jack Nicklaus shoots a 281 at PGA National FL Jack Nicklaus wins his 2nd golf grand slam .
1974 - In a futile attempt to appease widespread strikes and army mutinies, Haile Selassie appoints a new premier in Ethiopia.
1974 - Ethiopian government of Makonnen forms.
1974 -
Bobby Bloom dies (b. 1946). American singer/songwriter.
1976 - 18th Grammy Awards: Love Will Keep Us Together, Natalie Cole wins.
- 1976 - Ali Larter was born. American actress.
- 1975 - Mike Rucker was born. American football player
- 1976 - Ali Larter was born. American actress
- 1977 - Jason Aldean was born. American country singer
- 1977 - José Luis Romero dies. Argentine historian.
1978 - Cyprus : Spyros Kyprianou was elected president with no opposition.
1978 -
Zara Cully dies (b. 1892). American actress.
1978 - Marissa Perez was born. Miss Connecticut Teen USA (1996) .
1979 - "The famous
Mr. Ed" dies, the talking horse .
- 1979 - Primož Peterka was born. Slovenian ski jumper .
- 1983 - The final episode of M*A*S*H is broadcast in the USA, becoming the most watched television episode in history, with 106–125 million viewers in the U.S. (estimate varies by source).
1983 - El Compact Disc hace su aparición en el mercado.
1984 - 26th Grammy Awards: Beat It, Michael Jackson wins 7 including Album of the year for Thriller.
1986 - European Economic Community sign "Special Act" for Europe free trade .
1986 - O Plano Cruzado determina a substituição do Cruzeiro, que perde três zeros.
1988 - 15th Winter Olympic games close at Calgary, Canada .
1989 - El presidente venezolano, Carlos Andrés Pérez, suspende las garantías constitucionales.
1989 - Aurélio Buarque de Holanda Ferreira, intelectual brasileiro, morre.
1990 - Se aprueba en la URSS la propiedad privada de la tierra y su transmisión en herencia.
1991 - Guillermo Manuel Ungo dies. Salvadoran politician.
1992 - Twenty-eight people were injured when an IRA bomb exploded at London Bridge train station.
1993 - 7th American Comedy Award: Seinfeld wins.
1993 -
Ruby Keeler dies (b. 1910). Canadian actress, singer, dancer.
1993 - Ishiro Honda dies at 81. Japanese director and producer (Godzilla).
1994 - San Lorenzo de Almagro inaugura su estadio, el Nuevo Gasómetro.
1994 - O ministro da Fazenda, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, anuncia o plano Real de combate à inflação.
1994 - Na Bósnia, então vítima de uma guerra civil entre sérvios e muçulmanos, a Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte (OTAN) entrou em combate pela primeira vez desde sua fundação em 1949. Nesse mesmo dia, “caças” americanos derrubaram quatro “jatos” sérvios.
1995 - Apertura del Aeropuerto Internacional de Denver, en los Estados Unidos.
1995 - UN peacekeeping forces, mainly Bangladeshis and Pakistanis, are withdraw from Somalia ending international involvement in the country.
1995 - Raul Salinas de Gortari was arrested for masterminding the murder of Jose Francisco Ruiz (28 Sep 1994). He was imprisoned in Almaloya prison, Mexico’s highest-security facility. In 1998 Raul Salinas was acquitted of money laundering but remained in jail on murder and illegal-enrichment charges
1996 - A Rússia é admitida como membro do Conselho da Europa.
1996 - Daniel Chipenda dies at 64. Angolan politician.
1996 - 38th Grammy Awards: Alannis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill won best rock album and album of the year; Seal’s "Kiss from a Rose" won for record and song of the year.
1997 - Earthquake in Pakistan, kills 45 .
1999 - In Nigeria retired General Obasanjo led the presidential vote with 62%. Serious concern over vote-rigging was expressed.
1999 - Xie Bingxin dies at age 99. Chinese children's novelist. Her books included "For Small Readers," Little Tangerine Lamp," and "Ode to a Cherry Blossom."
2001 - Flooding continued in central Mozambique as the death toll rose to 52. 81,000 were made homeless since the beginning of the year.
2003 - Tassos Papadopoulos took office as the fifth Greek Cypriot president, pledging to strive for the reunification.
2003 -
Fidel Sánchez Hernández dies (b. 1917). President of
El Salvador . He directed the so-called 100-hour war, when the Salvadoran army invaded Honduras in 1969 over a territorial dispute.
2004 -
Daniel J. Boorstin dies (b. 1914). American historian writer, and
Librarian of Congress. His work includes The Americans trilogy:
"The Colonial Experience" (1959),
"The National Experience" (1966), and
"The Democratic Experience" (1973).
2004 -
Andres Nuiamäe dies killed in battle (b. 1982). Estonian soldier.
2005 - Burundians voted on a new constitution that enshrines Hutu control by allotting them 60% of parliamentary seats with 40% for Tutsis.
2005 - In Nepal at least 50 Maoist rebels and 4 soldiers were killed in a gunbattle in the western Bardiya district.
2005 - Grenada : Alister Hughes dies at 86. Journalist known for his coverage of Grenada's political woes and the US invasion in 1983.
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