On this day in History - Feb. 14

• 0842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German sign a treaty.
• 1014 - Pope Boniface I recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany.
• 1076 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1317 - Marguerite of France dies (b. 1282). Queen of Edward I of England
• 1400 - King Richard II of England dies murdered (b. 1367)
• 1404 - Leone Battista Alberti was born in Genoa (d. 1472). Italian painter, poet, and philosopher.
• 1405 - Timur (aka Tamerlane) dies (b. 1336). Mongol monarch and conqueror.
• 1468 - Johann Werner was born (d. 1522). German mathematician.
• 1483 - Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah was born (d. 1530). Founder of the Moghul dynasty. Emperor of India.
• 1523 - Pope Adrian VI dies.
• 1536 - Las tropas de Hernando Pizarro, sitiadas en Cuzco por los incas, hacen una salida y los derrotan en una terrible matanza.
• 1556 - Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
• 1575 - Henry III of France marries Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont.
• 1602 - Francesco Cavalli was born (d. 1676). Italian composer.
• 1642 - Incendio de la ciudad de México, el más antiguo y uno de los más voraces de los conocidos en su historia.
• 1676 - Abraham Bosse dies. French engraver and artist
• 1680 - John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester was born (d. 1737). English privy councillor
• 1692 - Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée was born (d. 1754). French writer.
• 1701 - Enrique Florez was born (d. 1773). Spanish historian.
• 1737 - Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot of Hensol dies (b. 1685). Lord Chancellor of Great Britain
• 1743 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister.
• 1744 - John Hadley dies (b. 1682). Inventor.
• 1763 - Jean Victor Marie Moreau was born (d. 1813). French general.
• 1766 - Thomas Malthus was born (d. 1834). English economist.
• 1779 - James Cook is killed by the natives of the Sandwich Islands (b. 1728). British naval captain and explorer.
• 1780 - William Blackstone dies (b. 1723). English jurist.
• 1782 - Reforma pautal, em Portugal, com o objectivo de reorganizar as alfândegas.
• 1782 - Criação da Companhia dos Guarda Marinhas da Armada portuguesa.
• 1791 - O contrato de diamantes em bruto do Brasil é entregue a Joaquim Pedro Quintela.
• 1797 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent - John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent & Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) led the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.
• 1803 - Chief Justice John Marshall declares that any act of U.S. Congress which conflicts with the Constitution is void.
• 1804 - Karadjordje led the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.
• 1808 - John Dickinson dies (b. 1732). American lawyer and delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention.
• 1811 - Domingo Faustino Sarmiento was born. Argentine writer and politician.
• 1812 - Alfred Thomas Agate was born (d. 1846). American artist.
• 1817 - El general San Martín entra triunfalmente en Santiago de Chile, plaza abandonada por las tropas españolas.
• 1818 - Frederick Douglas adopted as his birthday (d. 1895)
• 1819 - Christopher Sholes was born (d. 1890). American inventor.
• 1819 - Joshua A. Norton was born (d. 1880). Emperor Norton I of the United States of America and Protector of Mexico.
• 1820 - Cosme Mariano Argerich dies. Argentine physician.
• 1828 - Edmond François Valentin About was born (d. 1885). French writer.
• 1831 - Fusilamiento del general y político mexicano Vincente Guerrero, (b. 1782) tras ocupar la presidencia de la República.
• 1831 - Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills Dejazmach Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay.
• 1831 - Henry Maudslay dies (b. 1771). Inventor and machine tool-maker.
• 1835 - The original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is formed in Kirtland, Ohio.
• 1843 - The event that inspired the song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! held.
• 1846 - Julian Scott was born (d. 1901). American artist and Civil War Medal of Honor recipient.
• 1847 - Anna Howard Shaw was born (d. 1919). American women's suffrage leader.
• 1848 - Benjamin Baillaud was born (d. 1934). French astronomer.
• 1849 - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
• 1854 - Texas is linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, when a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas is completed.
• 1856 - Frank Harris was born (d. 1931). Irish author and editor.
• 1856 - Basílio Teles was born (d. 1923). Portuguese essayst and Republican thinker.
• 1859 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
• 1861 - Francisco Metrass dies (b. 7 Feb 1825). Portuguese painter.
• 1869 - Charles Wilson was born (d. 1959). Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell applied for a patent for the telephone. So did Elisha Gray.
• 1879 - The War of the Pacific broke out when Chilean armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
• 1880 - Se aprueba en Madrid el Reglamento de las corridas de toros.
• 1884 - Hezekiah M. Washburn was born (d. 1972). Missionary.
• 1886 - First trainload of oranges left Los Angeles via the transcontinental railroad.
• 1890 - Nina Hamnett was born (d. 1956). Welsh artist.
• 1892 - Radola Gajda was born (d. 1948). Czech military commander.
• 1894 - Jack Benny was born (d. 1974). American actor and comedian.
• 1895 - First showing of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnest (St James's Theatre in London).
• 1895 - Alceu de Freitas Wamosy was born in Urugaiana (d. 13 Sep 1923). Brazilian poet.
• 1895 - Max Horkheimer was born (d. 1973). German philosopher and sociologist.
• 1898 - Fritz Zwicky was born (d. 1974). Swiss-American physicist and astronomer.
• 1898 - Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz was born. Argentine essayst and journalist. Author of "El hombre que está solo y espera"
• 1898 - Jorge Mañach was born. Cuban writer and politician and journalist.
• 1899 - Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
• 1900 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
• 1900 - Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
• 1902 - É fundada em Washington a Aliança Internacional para o Voto Feminino, por iniciativa da Associação do Sufrágio Americana.
• 1903 - O bloqueio dos portos venezuelanos é suspenso, firmando-se um protocolo com as três potências aliadas: Reino Unido, Alemanha e Itália.
• 1903 - The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of Labor).
• 1903 - Stu Erwin was born (d. 1967). American actor.
• 1905 - Thelma Ritter was born (d. 1969). American actress.
• 1907 - Reconhecimento da liberdade de associação sem autorização prévia.
• 1910 - Cinqüenta mil manifestantes pedem, em Berlim, um sistema eleitoral livre, igualitário, direto e secreto na Prússia.
• 1912 - Arizona is admitted as the 48th U.S. state.
• 1912 - In Groton, Connecticut, the first diesel-powered submarine is commissioned.
• 1912 - Tibor Sekelj was born (d. 1988). Croatian explorer.
• 1913 - Jimmy Hoffa was born (d. 1975 : disappeared). American labor union leader.
• 1913 - Mel Allen was born (d. 1996). American sports reporter.
• 1913 - Woody Hayes was born (d. 1987). American college football coach.
• 1916 - Masaki Kobayashi was born (d. 1996). Japanese director.
• 1916 - Edward Platt was born (d. 1974). American actor.
• 1917 - Herbert A. Hauptman was born. American biophysicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985 .
• 1918 - The movie Tarzan of the Apes, the first movie featuring Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan character, is released.
• 1918 - The Soviet Union adopts the Gregorian calendar (1 February according to the Julian calendar).
• 1918 - Jacó do Bandolim [Jacob Pick Bittencourt] was born in Rio de Janeiro (d. 13 Aug 1969). Brazilian musician, popular composer and singer.
• 1919 - The Polish-Soviet War begins.
• 1920 - The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1921 - Hugh Downs was born. American game show host and journalist .
• 1923 - Manuel Querino dies (b. 1851). Afro-Brazilian historian.
• 1924 - IBM corporation founded.
• 1927 - Um terramoto no sul da Jugoslávia causa a morte de 600 pessoas.
• 1927 - Lois Maxwell was born. Canadian actress.
  1928 - O médico bacteriologista escocês Alexander Fleming descobre casualmente a penicilina, que trouxe grandes resultados para o tratamento de doenças infecciosas.
• 1929 - St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven gangsters rivalling Al Capone are murdered in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1929 - Vic Morrow was born (d. 1982). Jewish-American actor.
• 1930 - Carlos Zara was born in Campinas, São Paulo (d. 2003). Brazilian actor.
• 1932 - Alexander Kluge was born. German actor and film director .
• 1933 - Colombia hace retroceder a las fuerzas peruanas. La Sociedad de Naciones condena la acción de Perú.
• 1933 - Héctor Polino was born. Argentine politician.
• 1934 - Michel Corboz was born. Swiss conductor .
• 1934 - Florence Henderson was born. American television actress.
• 1936 - AG Weser launches the first of 162 U-boats (last one launched on March 1, 1945).
• 1936 - Fanne Foxe was born. Argentine dancer.
• 1936 - Antonio Porpetta was born. Spanish essayst and poet.
• 1936 - Andrew Prine was born. American actor.
• 1941 - Donna Shalala was born. American politician, educator.
• 1941 - Paul Tsongas was born (d. 1997). U.S. Senator.
• 1942 - Fall of the Battle of Pasir Panjang in Singapore.
• 1942 - Michael Bloomberg was born. Mayor of New York City.
• 1942 - Andrew Robinson was born. Actor.
• 1943 - Maceo Parker was born. American musician (P-Funk).
• 1943 - World War II: Rostov, Russia is liberated.
• 1943 - World War II: The Battle of the Kasserine Pass - German General Erwin Rommel and his Afrika Korps launch an offensive against Allied defenses in Tunisia.
• 1943 - David Hilbert dies (b. 1862). Mathematician.
• 1944 - World War II: Anti-Japanese revolt on Java.
• 1944 - Alan Parker was born. English film director, writer .
• 1944 - Carl Bernstein was born. American journalist .
• 1944 - Ronnie Bengt Peterson was born in Orebro (d. 11 Sep 1978). Swedish Formula 1 race car driver.
• 1945 - On the second day of the Bombing of Dresden in World War II the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.
• 1945 - Bombing of Prague - probably due to a mistake in the orientation of the pilots bombing Dresden.
• 1945 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets with King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia aboard the USS Quincy, officially starting the U.S.-Saudi diplomatic relationship.
• 1945 - Fascism destroyed in City of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (then:Yugoslavia) thanks to partisans(Dalmatinaska birgada, Hercegovacka divizija).
• 1945 - Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay and Peru join the United Nations.
• 1945 - Frank Welker was born. American actor.
• 1945 - Mario Sábato was born. Argentine film and TV director.
• 1946 - Bernard Dowiyogo was born (d. 2003). President of Nauru.
• 1946 - Gregory Hines was born (d. 2003). American dancer and actor.
• 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalized.
• 1946 - ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), the first general-purpose electronic computer, is unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania.
• 1946 - O computador Eniac, ou Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, começa a trabalhar na Universidade da Pensilvânia, nos Estados Unidos. Ele fazia em segundos cálculos complicadíssimos.
• 1948 - J. Natalio González is elected President of Paraguay.
• 1948 - Raymond Teller was born. American magician (Penn and Teller).
• 1948 - Pat O'Brien was born. American sportscaster and television host.
• 1949 - Rafael A. Calderón was born. President of Costa Rica.
• 1949 - Se abre la primera sesión del Parlamento Israelí en Jerusalén.
• 1949 - The Knesset (Israeli parliament) first convenes.
• 1949 - The Asbestos Strike begins in Canada. The strike marks the beginning of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.
• 1950 - Stalin y Mao firman en Moscú el pacto de amistad China-URSS.
• 1951 - Kevin Keegan was born. English soccer player.
• 1952 - 1952 Winter Olympic Games open in Oslo, Norway.
• 1952 - Guillermo Francella was born. Argentine actor.
• 1956 - Starts in Moscow the XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. In the last night of the meeting, in a secret session, Kruscev condemns the Stalin's crimes.
• 1958 - O rei Faisal do Iraque e o rei Hussein da Jordânia proclamam a fusão de seus reinos na Federação Árabe, tendo Faisal como chefe de estado e Hussein como seu vice.
• 1959 - Renee Fleming was born. Canadian soprano .
• 1959 - Baby Dodds dies (b. 1898). American jazz drummer.
• 1960 - Jim Kelly was born. American football player.
• 1960 - Meg Tilly was born. Canadian actress
• 1961 - Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized (Berkeley, California).
• 1962 - First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy takes television viewers on a tour of the White House.
• 1962 - Kevyn Aucoin was born. American cosmetologist.
• 1963 - Enrico Colantoni was born. Canadian actor.
• 1963 - Zach Galligan was born. American actor.
• 1964 - Gianni Bugno was born. Italian cyclist.
• 1966 - Australian currency is decimalized.
• 1967 - Los ministros de Exteriores de 14 países de Iberoamérica adoptan la "Declaración de Tlatelolco" (para prohibir la fabricación y uso de armas nucleares en América Latina).
• 1967 - Manuela Maleeva was born. Bulgarian tennis player.
• 1968 - Jules Asner was born. American model and television personality.
• 1969 - Adriana Behar was born in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian beach voleyball player. World circuit winner (1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 e 2001) and silver medal in Olympics (Sydnei 2000).
• 1970 - Simon Pegg was born. English comedian, writer and actor.
• 1971 - Noriko Sakai was born. Japanese singer .
• 1972 - El Ejército derroca al presidente ecuatoriano, José María Velasco Ibarra.
• 1972 - Drew Bledsoe was born. American football player.
• 1972 - Rob Thomas was born. American musician (matchbox twenty)
• 1973 - Giancarlo Fisichella was born. Italian Formula 1 race car driver.
• 1973 - Steve McNair was born. American football player
• 1975 - Germán Cueto dies. Mexican sculptor.
• 1975 - Julian Huxley dies (b. 1887). British biologist.
• 1975 - P. G. Wodehouse dies (b. 1881). Writer.
• 1977 - Mário Soares, primeiro ministro, visita vários países da Europa ocidental com a intenção de sondar a receptividade dos países comunitários a um eventual pedido de adesão de Portugal à CEE. Pedido que será formalizado no dia 28 de Março desse mesmo ano.
• 1978 - Richard Hamilton was born. American basketball player .
• 1979 - Sean Bennett was born. Pianist .
• 1979 - Antonio Chatman was born. American football player .
• 1979 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.
• 1980 - Olympic Games: Winter Olympic Games - XIII Olympic Winter Games open in Lake Placid, New York.
• 1980 - Walter Cronkite announces his retirement from CBS Evening News.
• 1980 - Graves inundações no Irão causam a morte de mais de 200 pessoas.
• 1980 - Fatima Leyva was born. Mexican women's soccer player .
• 1981 - Um incêndio no edifício Grande Avenida, em São Paulo, deixa 17 pessoas mortas e mais de 50 feridas.
• 1981 - Stardust Disaster. A fire in a Dublin nightclub kills 48 people
• 1983 - Ariel Sharon assume o cargo de ministro de Defesa de Israel.
• 1983 - United American Bank of Knoxville, Tennessee collapses. Its president, Jake Butcher is later convicted of fraud.
• 1983 - Lina Radke dies. German athlete .
• 1984 - O texto final da Lei sobre a Despenalização do Aborto é aprovado na Assembleia da República, com os votos favoráveis do PS, PCP, UEDS e MDP.
• 1984 - British ice dance team Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean win gold at the Olympic Games in Sarajevo for their free dance Bolero.
• 1985 - CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.
• 1985 - Philippe Senderos was born. Swiss footballer
• 1986 - Nicaragua y Costa Rica normalizan sus relaciones diplomáticas y reanudan los trabajos para la pacificación centroamericana del Grupo de Contadora.
• 1988 - Alfredo Stroessner é reeleito pela oitava vez, com 89% dos votos, para a presidência do Paraguai.
• 1988 - Morre Nora Astorga, embaixadora de Nicarágua na ONU.
• 1989 - Union Carbide agrees to pay USD $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal Disaster.
• 1989 - Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill the author of The Satanic Verses, Salman Rushdie.
• 1989 - The first of 24 satellites of the Global Positioning System is placed into orbit.
• 1989 - James Bond dies (b. 1900). American ornithologist and the namesake of the fictional spy James Bond.
• 1991 - Portugal devolve as jóias de Goa à U. Indiana.
• 1992 - Weezer was formed
• 1992 - Freddie Highmore was born. British actor
• 1993 - Nirvana begins recording sessions for their third album, In Utero.
• 1994 - Andrei Chikatilo dies executed (b. 1936). Russian serial killer .
• 1995 - Perú declara el cese al fuego en la guerra fronteriza con Ecuador.
• 1996 - China launches a Long March 3 rocket, carrying a Intelsat 708 satellite, that ended in tragedy: The rocket flew off course 3 seconds after liftoff and crashed into the nearest rural village. A number of people are killed. It is later discovered that a gust of wind caused the incident.
• 1998 - Authorities in the United States announce that Eric Robert Rudolph is a suspect in an Alabama abortion clinic bombing.
• 1999 - John Ehrlichman dies (b. 1926). Presidential advisor.
• 2000 - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.
• 2002 - The Tullaghmurray Lass sinks off the coast of Kilkeel, County Down, Northern Ireland killing three members of the same family on board.
• 2003 - Dolly the sheep dies (b. 1996). The world's first cloned mammal.
• 2003 - Isabel Mayagoitia Gila dies in Berlin (b. 1964). Mexican conductor.
• 2004 - In a suburb of Moscow, Russia, the roof of the Transvaal water park collapses, killing more than 25 people, and wounding more than 100 others.
• 2004 - Marco Pantani dies. Italian cyclist (b. 1970). Tour-de-France winner.
• 2004 - Simplício dies (b. 1916). Brazilian humorist.
• 2005 - Lebanon's former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri (b. 1944) is assassinated, prompting the Cedar Revolution (Intifada of Independence).
• 2005 - Seven people were killed and 151 wounded in a series of bombings by suspected Al-Qaeda-linked Muslim militants that hit the Philippines' Makati financial district in Metro Manila, Davao City, and General Santos City.
• 2005 - Najai Turpin dies. American boxer.
• 2005 - Rafik Hariri dies (b. 1944). Lebanese politician and billionaire businessman
• 2005 - Brazilian soccer player Ronaldo gets married with the model and MTV presenter Daniella Cicarelli. The marriage would be dissolved on 11 May 2005.
• 2006 - chip and PIN - UK cardholders had to use their PIN to be sure they could pay with their chip and PIN card. This change was made to better protect cardholders against fraudsters.
• 2006 - Shoshana Damari dies (b. 1923). the "Queen of Israeli song"
• 2006 - Lynden David Hall dies (b. 1974). British singer .
• 2006 - Darry Cowl dies (b. 1925). French musician and actor.
• Western World - Valentine's Day
• Denmark - Fastelavn. Children dress up, much like Halloween in the US.
• Mexico - Day of National Mourning (1831).
• Norway - Ballantine's Day.