0705 - Death of Caliph Abd al-Malik, in Damascus.
1085 - St Mark's Cathedral in Venice was consecrated.
1179 - Death of Odo de Saint-Amand, 8th Master of the Templars.
1317 -
Fushimi dies (b. 1265). Emperor of Japan.
1515 - Partida da expedição de Juan Díaz de Solís (descobridor do Rio da Prata)
1542 - Rodrigues Cabrilho lands at Santa Monica, California
1575 - Jan Massys dies. Flemish painter.
1585 - Heinrich Schutz was born. Composer
1600 -
San Marino adopts its written constitution.
1604 - The supernova called "Kepler's nova" is 1st sighted.
1610 - Polish troops capture Moscow.
1652 -
John Greaves dies (b. 1602). English mathematician and antiquarian.
1659 -
Jean de Quen dies. French Jesuit missionary and historian
1708 - Jean Perronet was born (d. 27 Feb 1794). French civil engineer renowned for his stone-arch
bridges, especially the Pont de la Concorde, Paris.
1735 -
Yongzheng dies (b. 1678). Emperor of China
1754 -
Henry Fielding dies in Lisbon (b. 1707). English novelist and dramatist. His
Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon will appear the following year.
- 1765 - Harman Blennerhassett was born (d. 1831). Irish lawyer.
1793 -
John Hancock dies (b. 1737). American revolutionary and businessman
1795 -
Andrew Kippis dies (b. 1725). English non-conformist clergyman and biographer
1803 - Vittorio Alfieri dies. Italian earl/writer
1820 -
Henri Christophe dies (b. 06 Oct 1767). He was a leader in the war of Haitian independence (1791-1804) and later president (1807-1811) and self-proclaimed King Henry I (1811-1820) of northern Haiti.
1826 - George Garrard dies (b. 31 May 1760). English painter and sculptor.
1826 - Friedrich Krupp dies. Industrialist.
1835 - HMS Beagle/Charles Darwin reaches James Island, Galapagos archipelago
1846 - Portugal: Com a prisão do Duque da Terceira, lugar-tenente da Rainha D. Maria II nas províncias do Norte, por José Passos e forças revoltadas de infantaria 6, tem início a Guerra Civil da Patuleia.
1840 - First constitution in Haway is proclaimed.
1850 - Henry-Louis Le Chatelier was born (d. 17 Sep 1936). French chemist who is best known for the
principle of Le Chatelier, which makes it possible to predict the effect a change of conditions (temperature, pressure, and concentration of reaction components) will have on a chemical reaction
1865 - António Pedro Lopes de Mendonça dies. Portuguese writer.
- 1869 - Franklin Pierce dies (b. 1804). 14th President of the United States.
1871 - Three major fires break out on the shores of
Lake Michigan in
Chicago, Illinois,
Peshtigo, Wisconsin, and
Holland, Michigan. The
Great Chicago Fire is the most famous of these, burning 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km²) in one day, eventually destroying about 17,450 buildings, and killing about 250 people while leaving another 90,000 homeless. The
Peshtigo Fire burns 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km²) across six counties in one day and kills 1,200 to 2,500 people, making it the deadliest in
United States history. The Holland Fire destroys at least two towns.
1872 -
John Cowper Powys was born (d. 17 Jun 1963). Welsh novelist, essayist, and poet. He is known chiefly for his long panoramic novels, including
Wolf Solent (1929), A Glastonbury Romance (1932), and Owen Glendower (1940). His other works include an Autobiography (1934) and books of essays such as
The Meaning of Culture (1930), The Pleasures of Literature (1938), The Art of Growing Old (1943). 1873 - Ejnar Hertzsprung was born in Copenhagen (d. 21 Oct 1967). Danish
astronomer who
classified types of stars by relating their surface temperature (or colour) to their absolute brightness
1878 - Alfred Munnings was born. British painter
1879 - Ch'en Ch'ien-sheng “Ch'en Tu-hsiu” was born (d. 27 May 1942). Founder of the Chinese Communist Party (May 1920) and a major leader in developing the cultural basis of revolution in China. He was removed from his position of leadership in 1927 and was expelled from the Communist Party in 1929.
1883 - Otto Warburg was born (d. 1 Aug 1970). German
biochemist awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1931 for his
research on cellular respiration, the process by which substances directly supplied to cells or stored in them are broken down into simpler components while using up oxygen.
1888 -
Ernst Kretschmer was born (d. 8 Feb 1964). German psychiatrist who attempted to correlate body build and physical constitution with personality characteristics and mental illness
1889 -
C. E. Woolman was born (d. 1966). American airline founder.
1895 - The Berliner Gramophone Company was founded in Philadelphia. Record players were not too far off in the future
1895 -
Juan Perón was born (d. 1 Jul 1974).
President of Argentina (1946-1955; 1973-1974); married Eva Peron [Evita] who died in 1952; married Maria Estela Martinez aka Isabel, who became Vice President of Argentina in 1973 and then took over the presidency upon the death of her husband [1974];
1895 - Berliner Gramophone Company is founded
1896 - Dow Jones starts reporting an average of selected industrial stocks.
1901 -
Doris Allen was born (d. 2002). American psychologist.
1901 -
Eivind Groven was born (d. 1977).Norwegian composer and ethnomusicologist.
1904 - Clemens Alexander Winkler dies. German chemist who discovered the element germanium (1886).
1905 - A permanent waving machine was first used on a woman's hair, by Charles Nessler.
1906 - Harry Gilbert Day was born. American nutritional biochemist who helped develop (with Joe Muhler and William Nebergall) the fluoride additive used in toothpaste to combat tooth decay
1910 -
Kirk Alyn was born (d. 1999). American actor.
1910 -
Ray Lewis was born (d. 2003). Canadian runner.
1913 - Robert Rowe Gilruth was born (d. 17 Aug 2000). American aerospace scientist, engineer, and a pioneer of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs
1914 - Joseph Déchelette dies (b. 8 Jan 1862). French archaeologist who was an authority on Gallo-Roman and Celtic coins. He wrote Le Manuel d'archéologie préhistorique, celtique et gallo-romaine (1908-14) about the pre-history of France.
1915 - World War I - The Battle of Loos ended. Almost 430,000 French, British & Germans killed
1917 -
Walter Lord was born (d. 2002). American author.
1917 -
Billy Conn was born (d. 1993). American boxer.
1917 -
Danny Murtaugh was born (d. 1976). Baseball player and manager.
1917 - Rodney Porter was born (d. 7 Sep 1985). British
biochemist who (with
Gerald M. Edelman) was awarded the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for
discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies.
1918 - Saturnino Hernán dies. Mexican painter.
1925 - Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borja was born. President of S. Salvador (1982-1984)
1927 -
Jim Elliot was born (d. 1956). American missionary.
1927 -
César Milstein was born in Bahía Blanca (d. 24 Mar 2002). Argentine immunologist biochemist. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984 shared with
Niels K. Jerne and
Georges J.F. Köhler "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
1927 -
Ricardo Güiraldes dies in Paris (d. 13 Feb 1886). Argentine writer "
Don segundo sombra". 1929 - Franklin W. Stahl was born. U.S. geneticist who, in 1958, (with Matthew Meselson) elucidated the mode of replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; the gene substance) a double-stranded helix that dissociates to form two strands, each of which directs the construction of a new sister strand
1929 - Betty Boothroyd was born. British MP, the Speaker of the House of Commons
1931 - Sir
John Monash dies (b. 1865). Australian soldier general.
1933 - Martinez Barrios forms new Spanish government
1935 - Ozzie Nelson marries Harriet Hilliard (Ozzie & Harriet)
1936 - David Carradine was born. Actor.
1936 -
Red Ames dies (b. 1882). American baseball player.
1937 - Merle Park was born. British ballerina.
1939 -
Paul Hogan was born. Australian actor (
Crocodile Dundee series, Lightning Jack, Flipper) 1940 - Robert Emden dies (b. 4 Mar 1862). Swiss physicist and astrophysicist who developed a theory of expansion and compression of gas spheres and applied it to stellar structure
1941 -
Jesse Jackson was born. American clergyman and civil rights activist
1943 -
Chevy Chase was born. American comedian and actor
1944 -
Wendell Willkie dies (b. 1892). American politician and Presidential candidate
1946 -
Dennis Kucinich was born. U.S. Congressman and Presidential candidate
1947 -
Tony Wilson was born. British bassist and singer
1949 -
Sigourney Weaver was born. American actress (
Gorillas in the Mist, Alien series, Working Girl, Dave, Ghostbusters series, Annie Hall, The Year of Living Dangerously); daughter of Sylvester Pat Weaver
1952 - At least 85 people are killed in the UK's worst peacetime rail crash after three trains collide at Harrow and Wealdstone.
1952 -
Joe Adams dies (b. 1877). American baseball player.
1954 - Michael Dudikoff was born. Actor: Virtual Assassin, Soldier Boyz, The Human Shield, American Ninja series, Platoon Leader, Avenging Force, Bachelor Party, I Ought to Be in Pictures, The Black Marble, Star of the Family, Cobra
1958 -
Ran Bosilek dies (b. 1886). Bulgarian author and translator.
1959 -
Nick Bakay was born.American actor, voice actor, and comedian
1962 -
Spiegel scandal:
Der Spiegel publishes the article "Bedingt abwehrbereit" ("Conditionally prepared for defense") about a
NATO manoeuver called "Fallex 62", which uncovered the sorry state of the
Bundeswehr (Germany's army) facing the
communist threat from the east at the time. The magazine was soon accused of
treason.
1962 - Algeria admitted as 109th member of the UN
1965 - London's Post Office Tower, Britain's tallest building, opened.
1967 - Guerrilla leader
Che Guevara (b. 14 Jun 1928) and his men are captured in
Bolivia. He was executed next day.
1968 - Zvonimir Boban was born. Croatian football player
1969 -
Julia Ann was born. American porn actress
1970 -
Matt Damon was born. American actor (
Saving Private Ryan, Courage Under Fire, Good Will Hunting, The Talented Mr. Ripley, Ocean's Eleven ) 1970 - Vietnam War: In
Paris, a
Communist delegation rejects US President
Richard Nixon's October 7 peace proposal as "a maneuver to deceive world opinion."
1970 - Soviet author Alexander Solzhenitsyn (b. 11 Dec 1918) won the Nobel Prize in literature, “for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature.”
1970 -
Tetsuya Nomura was born. Japanese Video Games Director, Character Designer and Concept Designer
1971 - John Lennon releases his megahit "Imagine"
1973 -
Rhys Evans was born. Renowned Welsh born raconteur and street performer
1973 - LBC (London Broadcasting), Britain's first legal commercial radio station, began transmitting.
1980 - USSR & Syria sign peace treaty.
1982 -
Poland bans
Solidarity. A new law in Poland banned Solidarity and forbid the setting up of new trade unions.
1984 - Anne Murray won the Country Music Association’s Album of the Year Award this day for A Little Good News. Murray was the first woman to win this award
1985 -
Eiji Wentz was born. German-Japanese entertainer and singer.
1989 - The Latvian Popular Front announced its intention to seek independence from the USSR.
1990 -
Britain's first full day in ERM Hectic trading in the City marks Britain's first day as a full member of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) of the European Monetary System.
1990 - American doctors Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas won the Nobel Prize in Medicine, “for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease.”
1992 - West Indian poet Derek Walcott was the winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in literature, “for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment.”
1996 - American economist William Vickrey (Columbia University) and British professor James Mirrlees (Cambridge University) were winners of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, “for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information.” The 82-year-old Vickrey died October 11, 1996 (three days after the Nobel announcement).
1996 - US economist William Vickrey (b. 21 Jun1914 – d. 11 Oct 1996) and British professor James Mirrlees [05 Jul 1936~] are named co-winners of the 1996 Nobel economics prize.
1998 -
José Saramago (b. 16 Nov 1922), Portuguese novelist is laureate with The Nobel Prize in Literature. In its citation, the Swedish Academy said it gave the award to Saramago for work that “with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us to apprehend an illusory reality.”
2001 - The main body of the Russian submarine Kursk, is raised from 108 m down on be Barents Sea floor where it had sunk on 12 August 2000, killing all 116 on board. The salvage operation is conducted from a giant barge with computer-controlled cables by the Dutch companies Mammoet and Smit International, contracted for some $65 million by the Russian government.
2001 - The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet announces that the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2001 is awarded to Leland H. Hartwell (b. 30 Oct 1939~) (USA), Richard Timothy “Tim” Hunt (b.19 Feb 1943~) (UK) and Paul M. Nurse (b.25 Jan 1949~ ) (UK), for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle
2002 - The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announces the award of the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2002 with one half jointly to
Raymond Davis Jr (USA) (b. 14 Oct 1914~), and Masatoshi Koshiba (Japan) (b.19 Sep 1926~) “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos” and the other half to Riccardo Giacconi (USA) (b. 06 Oct 1931~) “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources”.
2003 - Film star Arnold Schwarzenegger is elected governor of California, ousting the incumbent, Gray Davis, three years before the end of his term of office.
2003 - This year's Nobel Prize for Economics is
announced to go to Robert F. Engle “for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)” and to Clive W. J. Granger (b. 1934~) “for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)”. Both laureates are from the US.
2003 - This year's Nobel Prize for Chemistry
is announced to be awarded “for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes”, to
Peter Agre [1949~] “for the discovery of water channels” and to Roderick MacKinnon (b. 1956~) “for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels”. Both laureates are from the US
2004 -
Jacques Derrida dies (b. 15 Jul 1930 in Algeria). French Jewish philosopher
2004 - It is announced that
the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize will go to Kenyan activist Wangari Maathai [01 Apr 1940] “for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace.” One of her achievements is the
Green Belt Movement, which she founded in 1977.
2005 - Many hundreds of people die in Pakistan, north India and Afghanistan following a massive quake.
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