On this day in History - Sep 3

• 0301 - San Marino, one of the smallest nations in the world and the world's oldest republic still in existence, was founded by Saint Marinus.
• 0590 - St. Gregory I becomes Pope.
• 1189 - Richard I of England is crowned in Westminster.
• 1260 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.
• 1384 - Portugal : Fim do cerco de Lisboa (Crise de 1383-1385)
• 1474 - Ariosto was born (d. 1533). Italian poet.
• 1499 - Diane de Poitiers was born (d. 1566). Mistress of Henri II of France.
• 1568 - Adriano Banchieri was born (d. 1634). Italian composer.
• 1651 - English Civil War: Battle of Worcester - Charles II of England is defeated in the last main battle of the war.
• 1653 - Roger North was born (d. 1 Mar 1734). English lawyer, historian and biographer
• 1653 - Claudius Salmasius dies (b. 1588). French classical scholar.
• 1658 - Oliver Cromwell dies (b. 1599). Lord Protector of England.
• 1662 - William Lenthall dies (b. 1591). English politician.
• 1675 - Paul Dudley was born (d. 1751). Attorney-General of Massachusetts.
• 1693 - Charles Radclyffe was born (d. 1746). British politician.
• 1695 - Pietro Locatelli was born (d. 1764). Italian composer.
• 1720 - Henri de Massue dies (b. 1648). Marquis de Ruvigny, 1st Viscount Galway, French soldier and diplomat.
• 1729 - Jean Hardouin dies (b. 1646). French scholar.
• 1758 - José I de Portugal escapa a uma tentativa de regicídio da qual resulta o Processo dos Távoras
• 1759 - Em Portugal, D. José I (conhecido pelo cognome O Reformador) procedeu à abolição da Companhia de Jesus.
• 1766 - Archibald Bower dies (b. 1686). Scottish historian.
• 1777- The Flag of the United States flies in battle for the first time, at Cooch's Bridge in Maryland.
• 1781 - Eugène de Beauharnais was born (d. 1824). Son of Napoleon's wife, Josephine.
• 1783 - American Revolutionary War ends: Treaty of Paris - A treaty between the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain is signed in Paris, ending the war.
• 1798 - Weeklong battle of St. George's Caye begun between Spanish and British off the coast of Belize.
• 1810 - Paul Kane was born (d. 1871). Canadian painter.
• 1811 - John Humphrey Noyes was born (d. 13 Apr 1886). American founder of the Oneida Community
• 1814 - Mark Hopkins was born (d. 29 Mar 1878). American capitalist; helped build Central Pacific Railroad
• 1826 - The USS Vincennes commanded by William Finch, leaves New York City to become first United States warship to circumnavigate globe.
• 1830 - Marie Von Ebner-Eschenbach was born (d. 1916). Austrian novelist.
• 1838 - Dressed in a sailor's uniform and carrying identification papers provided by a free Black seaman, future abolitionist Frederick Douglass boards a train in Maryland on his way to freedom from slavery.
• 1849 - Sarah Orne Jewett was born (d. 24 Jun 1909). American writer.
• 1855 - Indian Wars: In Nebraska, 700 soldiers under American General William Harney avenge the Grattan Massacre by attacking a Sioux village killing 100 men, women, and children.
• 1856 - Louis Henry Sullivan was born. American architect
• 1857 - John McLoughlin dies (b. 1784). Canadian trapper.
• 1859 - Jean-Léon Jaurés was born. French socialist politician.
• 1860 - Edward Filene was born (d. 26 Sep 1937). American department-store entrepreneur and philanthropist
• 1860 - Aleksey Khomyakov dies (b. 1804). Russian poet.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.
• 1866 - Konstantin Flavitsky dies (b. 1830). Russian painter.
• 1869 - Fritz Pregl was born (d. 1930). Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1874 - The congress of the state of México elevates Naucalpan to the category of Villa, with the title of "Villa de Juárez".
• 1875 - Ferdinand Porsche was born (d.1951). German automotive engineer.
• 1878 - Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.
• 1883 - António Sérgio (de Sousa) was born in Damão, India (d. 1969). Portuguese polygraph writer and essayst. [Considerações Histórico-filosoficas (1916); Ensaios (1920); O Desejado (1924); Antero de Quental e António Vieira (1948), Cartas ao Terceiro Homem (1953-57); ... ].
• 1883 - Ivan Turgenev dies (b. 1818). Russian author.
• 1887 - Frank Christian was born (d. 1973). American musician.
• 1888 - Nereu Ramos was Born (d. 1958). President of Brazil
• 1888 - Thomas Milton Rivers was born (d. 12 May 1962). American virologist; helped to develop the polio vaccine.
• 1893 - James Harrison dies (b. 1816). Scottish-born inventor.
• 1895 - The first professional football game is played, in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, between the Latrobe YMCA and the Jeannette Athletic Club. (Latrobe won the contest 12-0).
• 1897 - Francisco Mignone was born (d. 1986). Brazilian composer and conductor
• 1898 - Alves dos Reis was born (d. 1955). The man who stole Portugal
• 1899 - Sir Macfarlane Burnet was born (d. 31 Aug 1985). Australian Nobel Prize-winning (1960)physician and virologist
• 1900 - Maurice Dobb was born (d. 1976). Economist.
• 1900 - Urho Kekkonen was born (d. 1986). Eighth President of Finland.
• 1902 - Popular author Sarah Orne Jewett is thrown out of a carriage, virtually ending her writing career.
• 1903 - Joseph Skipsey dies (b. 1832). British poet.
• 1905 - Carl David Anderson was born (d. 1901). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1907 - Loren Eiseley was born (d. 1977). American anthropologist.
• 1908 - Lev Semenovich Pontryagin was born (d. 1988). Russian mathematician.
• 1910 - Kitty Carlisle was born. American actress and television personality
• 1913 - Alan Ladd was born (d. 1964). American actor (Bonanza).
• 1914 - Papacy of Giacomo della Chiesa began. He becomes pope Benedict XV.
• 1914 - Albéric Magnard dies (b. 1865). French composer.
• 1916 - Eddie Stanky was born (d. 1999). Baseball player.
• 1918 - Helen Wagner was born. American actress.
• 1921 - Thurston Dart was born (d. 1971). English harpsichordist and conductor.
• 1923 - Mort Walker was born. American cartoonist
• 1925 - Maria Helena da Rocha Pereira eas born. Portuguese professor.
• 1929 - Irene Papas was born. Greek film actress
• 1930 - Cherry Wilder was born (d. 2002). New Zealand author.
• 1931 - Dick Motta was born. American basketball coach
• 1931 - Paulo Maluf was born. Brazilian politician
• 1932 - Ferreira Simões was born. Portuguese journalist
• 1933 - Tompall Glaser was born. American singer
• 1935 - Sir Malcolm Campbell reaches 304.331 miles per hour on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, becoming the first person to drive an automobile over 300 MPH.
• 1938 - Caryl Churchill was born. English playwright
• 1938 - Ryoji Noyori was born. Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1938 - Eileen Brennan was born. American actress.
• 1939 - World War II: France, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia declare war on Germany.
• 1940 - Eduardo Galeano was born. Uruguayan journalist
• 1942 - Al Jardine was born. American musician (the Beach Boys)
• 1943 - Valerie Perrine was born. American actress
• 1943 - World War II: Mainland Italy is invaded by Allied forces for the first time in the war.
• 1947 - Kjell Magne Bondevik was born. Prime Minister of Norway
• 1948 - Edvard Beneš dies (b. 1884). President of Czechoslovakia.
• 1949 - Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria was born (d. 2004)
• 1949 - José Pekerman was born. Argentine football coach.
• 1950 - Racing inaugura en Avellaneda, provincia de Buenos Aires, su estadio de fútbol actual. Diseñado para más de 100.000 espectadores, es uno de los más grandes de Argentina.
• 1951 - The first long-running American television soap opera, Search for Tomorrow, airs its first episode on the CBS network.
• 1954 - The last new episode of The Lone Ranger is aired on radio after 2,956 episodes over a period of 21 years.
• 1954 - The People's Liberation Army begins shelling the ROC-controlled islands of Quemoy
• 1955 - Steve Jones was born. English musician (Sex Pistols)
• 1958 - In Greece, police starts shaving the hair of youths called "teddy boys" to the skin.
• 1959 - Merritt Butrick was born (d. 1989). American actor.
• 1962 - E. E. Cummings dies (b. 1894). American poet.
• 1963 - Louis MacNeice dues (b. 1907). Northern Irish poet.
• 1963 - Amber Lynn was born. American actress
• 1964 - Adam Curry was born. Internet entrepreneur
• 1964 - Stewart Holbrook dies (b. 1893). American author.
• 1965 - Charlie Sheen was born. American actor.
• 1966 - The last new episode of the television series The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet airs.
• 1967 - The last telecast of the television game show What's My Line? airs on CBS after a 17 year run.
• 1967 - Nguyen Van Thieu is elected President of South Vietnam under a new constituition.
• 1967 - Dagen H in Sweden: traffic changes from driving on the left to driving on the right.
• 1967 - Woody Guthrie dies (b. 1912). American musician and songwriter.
• 1967 - James Dunn dies (b. 1905). American actor.
• 1969 - Ho Chi Minh dies (b. 1890). Vietnamese revolutionary.
• 1969 - John Fugelsang was born. American actor.
• 1969 - Dominic West was born. British actor.
• 1970 - Vince Lombardi dies (b. 1913). American football coach.
• 1970 - Al "Blind Owl" Wilson dies (b. 1943). American musician known for his work with the group Canned Heat
• 1971 - Qatar regains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1973 - Jennifer Paige was born. American singer.
• 1974 - Harry Partch dies (b. 1901). American composer.
• 1976 - Vivek Oberoi was born. Indian actor.
• 1976 - Viking program: The Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars takes the first close-up, color photos of the planet's surface.
• 1978 - Pope John Paul I was installed as the 264th pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church.
• 1979 - Julio Cesar was born. Brazilian football player.
• 1980 - Danny King was born. American writer.
• 1980 - Duncan Renaldo dies (b. 1904). American actor.
• 1981 - Alec Waugh dies (b. 1898). English writer.
• 1982 - Fearne Cotton was born. British television presenter
• 1982 - Andrew McMahon was born. American singer-songwriter
• 1986 - Shaun White was born. American snowboarder and skateboarder.
• 1987 - Morton Feldman dies (b. 1926). American composer.
• 1991 - In Hamlet, North Carolina, a grease fire breaks out at the Imperial Foods chicken processing plant, killing 25 people.
• 1991 - Frank Capra dies (b. 1897). American film director.
• 1994 - James T. Aubrey dies (b. 1918). American television executive.
• 1994 - Sino-Soviet Split: Russia and the People's Republic of China agree to de-target their nuclear weapons against each other.
• 1996 - Emily Kame Kngwarreye dies (b. 1910). Australian Aboriginal artist.
• 1997 - Arizona Governor Fife Symington is convicted for various crimes tied to his real estate business, effectively forcing him out of office.
• 1997 - A Vietnamese Airlines Tupolev TU-134 crashes on approach into Phnom Penh airport, killing 64.
• 1998 - Espartaco Santoni dies. Venezuelan actor and producer.
• 2001 - Pauline Kael dies (b. 1919). American film critic.
• 2001 - Thuy Trang dies (b. 1973). American actress.
• 2002 -W. Clement Stone dies (b. 1902). American best selling author and founder of Combined Insurance Co (now a part of Aon Corp.)
• 2003 - Gilberto Gil recebe o Grammy Latino prémio de Personalidade do Ano, Miami
• 2003 - Paul Jennings Hill dies (b. 1954). American anti-abortion murderer.
• 2004 -A three-day hostage siege at a school in Beslan, Russia, ended in bloody chaos after Chechen militants set off bombs and Russian commandos stormed the building; more than 330 people were killed.
• 2004 - The Beslan school massacre results in the deaths of approximately 344 teachers and children.
• 2004 - Jennifer Hawkins, Miss Universe, experiences a wardrobe malfunction while modelling at Westfield Shopping Mall, Parramatta, Australia
• 2004 - The blog Nothingandall is created when the first post Russian troops in Beslan's School is published.
• 2005 - Richard S.R. Fitter dies (b. 1913). British ornithologist and botanist.
• 2005 - William Rehnquist dies (b. 1924). Chief Justice of the United States
• 2005 - Fernando Távora dies. Portuguese architect.
• RC Saints - Pope Gregory I, Saint Marinus
• Qatar - Independence Day (from Great Britain, 1971)
• San Marino - Foundation (301) by Saint Marinus
• Taiwan/Republic of China - Armed Forces Day
• Australia - Flag Day
• Ireland/United States - Callach