On this day in History - Aug 19

• 293 BC - Oldest known Roman temple to Venus Libitina founded on the Esquiline Hill; institution of Vinalia Rustica begins.
• 43 BC - Octavian, later Augustus, compels the senate to elect him Consul
• 0014 - Octavian, later Augustus dies. Roman emperor
• 1186 - Geoffrey Plantagenet dies stamped by a horse in atournment. Duke of Brittany,
• 1245 - Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Provence dies (b. 1195)
• 1284 - Alphonso, Earl of Chester dies (b. 1273). Son of Edward I of England
• 1297 - Saint Louis of Toulouse dies (b. 1274). French Catholic bishop.
• 1398 - Marqués de Santillana was born (d. 1458). Spanish poet.
• 1458 - Início do pontificado do Papa Pio II
• 1493 - Frederick III, Holly Roman Emperor dies
• 1504 - Battle of Knockdoe
• 1557 - Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg was born (d. 1608)
• 1561 - Queen Mary Stuart returns to Scotland.
• 1580 - Andrea Palladio dies (b. 1508). Italian architect
• 1590 - Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland was born (d. 1649). English soldier.
• 1596 - Elizabeth of Bohemia was born (d. 1662)
• 1621 - Gerbrand van den Eeckhout was born (d. 1674). Dutch painter.
• 1631 - John Dryden was born (d. 1700). English poet.
• 1646 - John Flamsteed was born (d. 1719). English astronomer who established the Greenwich Observatory, as one of a group of scientists who convinced King Charles II to build a national observatory
• 1646 - Alexander Henderson dies. Scottish theologian
• 1662 - Blaise Pascal dies (b. 19 Jun 1623). French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher He laid the foundation for the modern theory of probabilities
• 1686 - Eustace Budgell was born (d. 1737). English writer.
• 1686 - Nicola Porpora was born (d. 1768). Italian composer.
• 1689 - Samuel Richardson was born (d. 1761). English writer.
• 1692 - Salem Witch Trials: In Salem, Massachusetts five women and a clergyman are executed after being convicted of witchcraft.
• 1711 - Edward Boscawen was born (d. 1761). British admiral.
• 1743 - Madame du Barry was born (d. 1793). French courtesan.
• 1745 - Jacobite Rising, Prince Charles Edward Stuart lands from a French warship in Glenfinnan, raises his standard and marches on London - the start of the Second Jacobite Rebellion known as "the 45"
• 1753 - Balthasar Neumann dies (b. 1687). German architect.
• 1768 - Saint Isaac's Cathedral is founded in Saint Petersburg, Russia
• 1782 - Battle of Blue Licks: the last major battle of the American Revolutionary War, almost ten months after the surrender of the British commander Lord Cornwallis following the Battle of Yorktown.
• 1812 - War of 1812: American frigate USS Constitution defeats the British frigate HMS Guerrière off the coast of Nova Scotia. The British shot is said to have bounced off the Constitution's sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides".
• 1813 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas joins Argentina's second triumvirate.
• 1819 - James Watt dies (b. 1736). Scottish inventor
• 1822 - Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre dies (b. 1749). French mathematician.
• 1839 - Presentation of Jacque Daguerre's new photographic process to the French Academy of Sciences.
• 1848 - California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States, that there is a gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).
• 1849 - Nasce Joaquim (Aurélio Barreto) Nabuco (de Araújo) (m. 17 Jan 1910). Jornalista, escritor, político monarquista, abolicionista e diplomata brasileiro. Um dos fundadores da Academia Brasileira de Letras.
• 1853 - Aleksei Brusilov was born (d. 1926). Russian general
• 1858 - Edith Nesbit was born (d. 1924). English writer (The Railway Children)
• 1862 - Indian Wars: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not to attack heavily-defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.
• 1870 - Bernard Baruch was born (d. 1965). American financier.
• 1871 - Orville Wright was born (d. 1948). American aviation pioneer.
• 1872 - King Charles XV / Carl IV of Sweden and Norway dies (b. 1826)
• 1875 - Stjepan Seljan was born (d. 1936). Croatian explorer.
• 1878 - Manuel Quezon was born (d. 1944). President of the Philippines
• 1881 - Georges Enescu was born (d. 1955). Romanian composer.
• 1883 - Coco Chanel was born (d. 1971). French clothing designer.
• 1883 - Elsie Ferguson was born (d. 1961). American film actress.
• 1883 - José Mendes Cabeçadas Júnior was born. Portuguese politician.
• 1889 - Nasce (João Maria) Alves da Cunha (m. 23 Set 1956). Actor português ( Rosa de Alfama (1953) Duas Causas (1952) Feitiço do Império (1940) Tragédia Rústica (1931) Maria do Mar (1930) Lisboa (1930) )
• 1889 - Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam dies (b. 1838). French writer
• 1892 - Alfred Lunt was born (d. 1977). Actor.
• 1895 - American frontier murderer and outlaw, John Wesley Hardin, is killed by an off-duty policeman in a saloon in El Paso, Texas.
• 1895 - John Wesley Hardin dies (b. 1853). American gunfighter.
• 1896 - Olga Baclanova was born (d. 1974). Russian-born actress.
• 1896 - Início do mandato de Severo Fernández Alonso Caballero na presidência da Bolívia
• 1898 - Nasce em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Francisco (de Moraes) Alves (m. 29 Set 1952). Cantor popular, tido como o "Rei da Voz" e conhecido como "Chico Alves" e "Chico Viola", ("Pé de Anjo"), "Aquarela do Brasil" "Ora Vejam Só". Gravou centenas de discos.
• 1902 - Ogden Nash was born (d. 1971). Poet.
• 1906 - Philo T. Farnsworth was born (d. 1971). American inventor and television pioneer.
• 1907 - Thurston B. Morton was born (d. 1982). American politician
• 1913 - Richard Simmons was born (d. 2003). American actor.
• 1914 - Nasce, em Encatado, Rio de Janeiro, Aracy (Teles) de Almeida (m. 20 Jun 1988). Cantora popular, tida como uma das maiores intérpretes de samba dos anos 30 (juntamente com Carmem Miranda).
• 1914 - Lajos Baróti was born (d. 2005). Hungarian footballer and coach
• 1915 - Ring Lardner, Jr. was born (d. 2000). American actor and screenwriter.
• 1916 - Marie Wilson was born (d. 1972). Actress.
• 1918 - Shankar Dayal Sharma was born. President of India (1992-1997)
• 1919 - Malcolm Forbes was born (d. 1990). American publisher.
• 1919 - Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• 1921 - Gene Roddenberry was born (d. 1991). American television producer.
• 1923 - Vilfredo Pareto dies (b. 1845). Italian economist.
• 1925 - Claude Gauvreau was born (d. 1971). Canadian playwright, poet, and polemicist.
• 1926 - Arthur Rock was born. Venture capitalist
• 1929 - Nasce em São Paulo, Haroldo (Eurico Browne) de Campos (m. 2003). Poeta brasileiro.
• 1929 - The radio comedy show Amos and Andy makes its NBC debut starring Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll.
• 1929 - Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev dies (b. 19 Mar 1872). Russian ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes.
• 1929 - Diego Rivera / Frida Kahlo wedding
• 1930 - Frank McCourt was born. Irish-born author
• 1931 - Willie Shoemaker was born (d. 2003). American jockey.
• 1934 - The first All-American Soap Box Derby is held in Dayton, Ohio.
• 1934 - The creation of the position Führer approved by the German electorate with 89.9% of the popular vote.
• 1935 - Bobby Richardson was born. Baseball player
• 1936 - Federico Garcia Lorca was shot and killed by a Francoist squad on the outskirts of Grenada and buried in an unmarked grave along with 3 other prisoners. (b. 1898). Spanish author. His dramatic works included "Blood Wedding," "Yerma," Dona Rosita the Spinster," and "The House of Bernarda Alba." )
• 1936 - John M.S. Pearce dies. Neurologist and author
• 1938 - Diana Muldaur was born. American actress, dog breeder, and dog judge
• 1939 - Ginger Baker was born. English musician.
• 1939 - Alan Baker was born in London. British mathematician, who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1970
• 1940 - Johnny Nash was born.American singer.
• 1940 - Jill St. John was born. American actress.
• 1942 - Fred Thompson was born. U.S. Senator from Tennessee and actor
• 1942 - World War II: Operation Jubilee - The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division leads an allied forces amphibious assault on Dieppe, France.
• 1944 - World War II: Liberation of Paris - Paris rises against German occupation with the help of Allied troops.
• 1944 - Bodil Malmsten was born. Swedish writer
• 1944 - Charles B. Wang was born. Chinese-born philanthropist
• 1944 - Günther von Kluge dies (b. 1882). German field marshal.
• 1945 - Vietnam War: Viet Minh led by Ho Chi Minh take power in Hanoi, Vietnam.
• 1945 - Ian Gillan was born. English singer.
• 1946 - Bill Clinton was born. 42nd President of the United States
• 1946 - Beat Raaflaub was born. Swiss conductor.
• 1947 - J. Arens and D. van Villages synthetised vitamin A.
• 1947 - Gerard Schwarz was born. American conductor.
• 1947 - James Hunt was born. Formula 1 car driver.
• 1948 - Tipper Gore was born. Former Second Lady of the United States
• 1950 - Jennie Bond was born. British journalist.
• 1950 - Giovanni Giorgi dies (b. 1871). Italian physicist.
• 1951 - John Deacon was born. English musician (Queen)
• 1952 - Jonathan Frakes was born. American actor and director.
• 1953 - Cold War: The CIA helps to overthrow the government of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran and reinstate the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
• 1954 - Alcide De Gasperi dies (b. 1881). Prime Minister of Italy
• 1955 - In the Northeast United States, severe flooding caused by Hurricane Diane, claims 200 lives.
• 1955 - Peter Gallagher was born. American actor.
• 1956 - Adam Arkin was born. American actor.
• 1957 - David Bomberg dies (b. 1890). English painter
• 1957 - Carl-Gustaf Rossby dies (b. 1898). Swedish meteorologist.
• 1958 - Anthony Muñoz was born. American football player.
• 1958 - Gary Gaetti was born. Baseball player
• 1959 - Jacob Epstein dies (b. 1880). American-born sculptor.
• 1960 - Morten Andersen was born. American football player
• 1960 - Cold War: In Moscow, downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to ten years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for espionage.
• 1960 - Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 5 with the dogs Belka and Strelka (Russian for "Squirrel" and "Little Arrow"), 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants. The spacecraft returned to earth the next day and all animals were recovered safely.
• 1961 - The Australian public-affairs show Four Corners starts on the ABC.
• 1963 - John Stamos was born. American actor.
• 1963 - Joey Tempest was born. Swedish singer (Europe)
• 1963 - Nasce, no Rio de Janeiro, Marcos Palmeira (de Paula). Actor brasileiro, cinematográfico (estréia em "Copacabana me Engana", 1968), teatro e TV, destaca-se em novelas da Rede Globo.
• 1964 - Whitney Prescott was born. American model
• 1965 - Kevin Dillon was born. Actor
• 1965 - Kyra Sedgwick was born.American actress
• 1965 - Maria de Medeiros was born in Lisbon. Portuguese actress. /Nasce, em Lisboa, Maria de Medeiros. Actriz e realizadora portuguesa. Estreia em "Silvestre", 1982; Volpi Cup de Actriz no Festival de Veneza por "Três Irmãos" (1994). Globo de Ouro em 1996 por Adão e Eva.
• 1965 - Japanese prime minister Eisaku Sato becomes the first post-[[World War II] sitting prime minister to visit Okinawa.
• 1966 - Lee Ann Womack was born. Ccountry music musician
• 1966 - Heloísa Perissé was born. Brazilian actress.
• 1967 - Hugo Gernsback dies (b. 1884). Luxembourg-born editor and publisher
• 1968 - George Gamow dies (b. 1904). Ukrainian-born physicist.
• 1969 - Matthew Perry was born. Canadian actor.
• 1969 - Nate Dogg was born. American rapper
• 1969 - Ludwig Mies van der Rohe dies (b. 1886). German architect.
• 1970 - Paweł Jasienica dies (b. 1909). Polish historian
• 1971 - Nasce João (Manuel Vieira) Pinto. Futebolista internacional português que representa actualmente o Braga (2006/2007).
• 1972 - Roberto Abbondanzieri was born. Argentine football player (goalkeeper)
• 1973 - Marco Materazzi was born. Italian footballer, 2006 World Champion by Italy
• 1973 - Lilian Garcia was born. Professional wrestling announcer
• 1973 - Penélope Nova was born. Brazilian TV presenter
• 1973 - Crown Princess Mette Marit of Norway was born.
• 1973 - Callum Blue was born. British actor.
• 1973 - Georgios Papadopoulos takes place on Presidency of Greece
• 1975 - The cricket test match between England and Australia is called off after the pitch is vandalised by supporters of George Davis.
• 1975 - Tracie Thoms was born. American actress
• 1975 - Jim Londos dies (b. 1897). Wrestler.
• 1976 - Alastair Sim dies (b. 1900). Scottish actor and rector of Edinburgh University
• 1977 - Groucho Marx dies (b. 1890). American comedian and actor.
• 1979 - Dave Douglas was born. American musician (Relient K)
• 1979 - Jennifer Morrison was born. American actress
• 1980 - Jun Jin was born. Rapper in Korean group Shinhwa
• 1980 - Otto Frank dies. Father of Anne Frank
• 1980 - Darius Danesh was born. Scottish singer
• 1980 - Saudia Flight 163, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar burns after making an emergency landing at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, killing 301 people.
• 1981 - Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi sends two Sukhoi Su-22 fighter jets to take on a couple of United States fighters over the Gulf of Sidra. The American jets destroyed the Libyan fighters.
• 1981 - Arqueólogos do Gabinete de Sines põem a descoberto na ilha do Pessegueiro uma estação arqueológica romana considerada de grande importância.
• 1982 - Erika Christensen was born. American actress.
• 1982 - August Neo dies (b. 1908). Estonian wrestler.
• 1983 - Missy Higgins was born. Australian singer-songwriter
• 1983 - Tammin Sursok was born. Australian actress.
• 1987 - Hungerford Massacre: In the United Kingdom, Michael Ryan kills sixteen people with an assault rifle and then commits suicide.
• 1987 - Anais Lameche was born. Swedish singer (Play)
• 1987 - Richard Stearman was born. English footballer
• 1989 - Polish president Wojciech Jaruzelski nominates Solidarity activist Tadeusz Mazowiecki to be Prime Minister, thus Mazowiecki becoming the first non-communist to come to power in Poland in 42 years.
• 1990 - Leonard Bernstein conducts his final concert, ending with Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7.
• 1991 - Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev is overthrown by a coup. This leads to the fall of the Soviet Union
• 1991 - (Luís Filipe) Lindley Cintra dies (b. 1925). Portuguese professor and philologist.
• 1994 - Linus (Carl) Pauling dies (b. 28 Feb1901) . American physicist, chemist and author who was recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Peace
• 1995 - Pierre Schaeffer dies. French composer.
• 1996 - Morre Vera Lagoa, jornalista e escritora portuguesa.
• 1996 - Morre Jofre Soares (n. 1922). Actor de teatro, cinema e TV, brasileiro. Um dos principais símbolos do cinema novo (participou em mais de 80 filmes).
• 1999 - In Belgrade, tens of thousands of Serbians rally to demand the resignation of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia President Slobodan Milošević.
• 2000 - Lola Vilar dies. Peruvian actress.
• 2000 - Antonio Pugliese dies (b. 1941). Italian professional wrestler.
• 2002 - A Russian Mi-26 helicopter carrying troops is hit by a Chechen missile outside of Grozny killing 118 soldiers.
• 2002 - Eduardo Chillida dies. Spanish sculptor
• 2003 - A car-bomb attack on UN headquarters in Iraq kills the agency's top envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello and 21 other employers.
• 2003 - Carlos Roberto Reina dies (b. 1926). President of Honduras
• 2003 -Morre Francisco Carlos (n. 1928). Cantor e galã cinematográfico brasileiro (anos 50).
• 2003 - Sérgio Vieira de Mello dies (b. 1948). Brazilian diplomat
• 2005 - The first-ever joint military exercise between Russia and China, called Peace Mission 2005 begins.
• 2005 - Bueno de Mesquita dies (b. 1918). Dutch comedian and actor.
• 2005 - Mo Mowlam dies (b. 1949). British politician.
• Afghan Independence Day (1919)
• National Day of the Filipino Language, Philippines - Holiday for Quezon City, Quezon Province and other municipalities named after Manuel Quezon
• National Aviation Day, USA
• National Walton Celebratory Day, United Kingdom - In honour of all holidays and observences.
• Russian Orthodox Church celebrates the Saviour's Transfiguration, popularly known as the "Apples Feast" (it's the first day of the year when eating apples is allowed)