On this day in History - Jul 25

• 0306 - Constantine I proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
• 0306 - Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor dies.
• 1109 - King Afonso I of Portugal was born
• 1139 - Batalha de Ourique - D. Afonso Henriques combate uma coligação de reis Mouros e vence-os. O Exército português comemora o seu dia nesta data.
• 1139 - D. Afonso Henriques é proclamado rei de Portugal
• 1261 - The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines also succeed in capturing Thessalonica and the rest of the Latin Empire.
• 1415 - O rei D. João I de Portugal parte do rio Tejo para a conquista de Ceuta, no norte de África.
• 1492 - Pope Innocent VIII dies
• 1547 - Henry II (France) crowned
• 1562 - Kato Kiyomasa was born (d. 1611). Japanese daimyo and samurai.
• 1564 - Maximillian II became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1567 - Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.
• 1582 - Batalha naval em frente de Vila Franca do Campo, em S. Miguel, nos Açores, entre as forças navais castelhanas de D. Álvaro Bazán, marquês de Santa Cruz, e as franceses comandadas por Filipe Strozzi. Os castelhanos vencem obrigando D. António a refugiar-se na Terceira.
• 1593 - Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
• 1653 - Agostino Steffani was born (d. 1728). Italian diplomat and composer
• 1658 - Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll was born (d. 1703). Scottish privy councillor
• 1681 - Urian Oakes dies (b. 1631). English-born President of Harvard University.
• 1722 - Three Years War begins along Maine and Massachusetts border.
• 1736 - Jean-Baptiste Joseph Pater dies (b. 29 Dec 1695). French painter and draftsman.
• 1750 - Henry Knox was born in Boston (d. 25 Oct 1806). American Revolutionary officer.
• 1758 - French and Indian War: The island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in Nova Scotia is silenced and all French warships are destroyed or taken.
• 1758 - D. Francisco Saldanha é nomeado Patriarca de Lisboa.
• 1759 - French and Indian War: In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
• 1791 - Isaac Low New York delegate to the Continental Congress
• 1794 - André Chénier dies (b. 1762). French writer.
• 1797 - Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife Island (Spain).
• 1799 - At Aboukir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.
• 1799 - David Douglas was born (d. 1834). Botanist, plant collector, explorer.
• 1806 - Maria Weston Chapman was born (d. 12 Jul 1885). American abolitionist.
• 1806 - António Rodrigues Sampaio was born. Portuguese journalist and politician.
• 1812 - Os espanhóis reconquistam a Venezuela, que se tinha declarado independente. Dos dirigentes independentistas, Francisco Miranda foi preso morrendo em Cádis em 1816, e Simon Bolívar foge para a colónia holandesa de Curaçao.
• 1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
• 1814 - A primeira locomotiva a vapor viável é construída por George Stephenson.
• 1834 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge dies (b. 1772). English poet.
• 1844 - Thomas Eakins was born in Philadelphia (d. 25 Jun 1916). American Realist painter, photographer, teacher. (Self-Portrait 1902)
• 1848 - Arthur Balfour was born (d.19 Mar 1930). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. British statesman best remembered for issuing the British declaration of support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
• 1848 - Ottokar Kernstock was born (d. 1928). Poet.
• 1853 - David Belasco was born. Actor, playwright and producer.
• 1853 - Joaquin Murietta, famous Californio bandit known as "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed.
• 1861 - American Civil War: The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
• 1861 - Jonas Furrer dies (b. 1805). Swiss Federal Councilo.
• 1866 - The U.S. Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army (now called "5-star general") Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank.
• 1868 - Wyoming becomes a United States territory.
• 1867 - Max Dauthendey was born (d. 1918). Writer.
• 1870 - Maxfield Parrish was born (d. 30 Mar 1966). US Golden Age painter, illustrator, and designer.
• 1883 - Alfredo Casella was born (d. 1947). Italian composer.
• 1884 - Davidson Black was born (d. 1934). Anthropologist.
• 1887 - John Taylor dies (b. 1808). American religious leader.
• 1894 - Walter Brennan was born (d. 1974). Academy Award -winning actor.
• 1895 - Pierre Curie casa-se com sua colega de profissão, a química Marie Sklodowska. Os dois pesquisadores compartilham posteriormente o Prêmio Nobel de Física, em 1903, por seu trabalho sobre a radioatividade
• 1897 - Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories.
• 1898 - The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with U.S. troops landing at Guánica Bay.
• 1899 - Theodore August Heintzman dies. Piano manufacturer
• 1902 - Eric Hoffer was born (d. 1983). Philosopher.
• 1902 - Fundação do Olimpia. Club de futebol do Paraguai.
• 1905 - Elias Canetti was born (d. 14 Aug 1994). Bulgarian writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
• 1906 - Johnny Hodges was born (d. 11 May 1970). American jazz saxophonist
• 1907 - Karl Höller was born (d. 1987). Composer.
• 1907 - Korea becomes a protectorate of Japan.
• 1908 - Bill Bowes was born (d. 1987). English cricketer.
• 1909 - Louis Bleriot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine (Calais to Dover in 37 minutes).
• 1917 - Mata Hari, uma mulher que se tornou símbolo da espiã sedutora, é condenada a morte na França por espionar para a Alemanha. Nascida na Holanda, seu verdadeiro nome foi Margaretha Geertruida Zelle.
• 1917 - Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
• 1920 - Telecommunications: first transatlantic two-way radio broadcast.
• 1920 - Rosalind Franklin was born (d. 1958). Scientist.
• 1923 - Estelle Getty was born. NYC-born actress (neé Estelle Scher)
• 1929 - Somnath Chatterjee was born. Indian politician
• 1930 - Maureen Forrester was born. Canadian contralto
• 1934 - Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
• 1934 - João D' Ávila was born. Portuguese actor.
• 1934 - François Coty dies (b. 1874). French perfume manufacturer.
• 1934 - Engelbert Dollfuss dies assassinated. Chancellor of Austria.
• 1934 - Nestor Makhno dies. Ukrainian anarchist
• 1935 - Barbara Harris was born. American actress
• 1936 - Carlos da Mota Pinto was born. Portuguese professor and politician.
• 1937 - Colin Renfrew was born. Archeology professor
• 1937 - Edward Saunders dies. Agricultural scientist
• 1941 - Marco Lucioni was born. Italian painter
• 1943 - World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by his own Italian Grand Council and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.
• 1944 - World War II: Operation Spring - One of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.
• 1946 - Nuclear testing: In the first underwater test of the atomic bomb, the surplus USS Saraoga is sunk near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean when the United States detonates the "Baker Day" device.
• 1946 - At Club 500 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stage their first show as a comedy team.
• 1946 - Rita Marley was born. Jamaican-Cuban singer
• 1948 - Peggy Fleming was born. American figure skater
• 1952 - Puerto Rico becomes a self-governing commonwealth of the United States.
• 1954 - Walter Payton was born (d. 1999). American football player.
• 1955 - Iman Abdulmajid was born. Model
• 1955 - Miguel Esteves Cardoso was born. Portuguese journalist and writer.
• 1956 - 45 miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria sinks after colliding with the SS Stockholm in heavy fog, killing 51.
• 1956 - The Italian liner Andrea Doria sank after colliding with the Swedish ship Stockholm off the New England coast, killing 51 people.
• 1958 - Harold Warner dies. American film studio founder
• 1960 - Alain Robidoux was born. Canadian snooker player
• 1965 - Illeana Douglas was born. American actress.
• 1967 - Matt LeBlanc was born. Actor.
• 1967 - Chuck Paugh was born. Record company owner
• 1969 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This was the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war.
• 1969 - Wilhelm Heinrich Otto Dix dies (b. 2 Dec 1891). German painter, printmaker, and watercolorist.
• 1973 - Soviet Mars 5 space probe launched.
• 1973 - Dani Davey was born. Singer
• 1973 - Louis Stephen St. Laurent, twelfth Prime Minister of Canada
• 1976 - The first performance of the Philip Glass opera Einstein on the Beach
• 1977 - A supposed thunderbird is reported attacking a boy named Marlon Lowe.
• 1977 - Kenny Thomas was born. Basketball player
• 1977 - Louise Brown was born. First test tube baby
• 1978 - Gerard Warren was born. American football player
• 1978 - The first so-called test-tube baby, Louise Brown, is born.
• 1979 - Amy Adams, American Idol 3 contestant
• 1980 - Vladimir Vysotsky dies (b. 1938). Russian poet, singer, and actor
• 1982 - Brad Renfro was born. American actor.
• 1982 - 37th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Janet Anderson
• 1984 - Salyut 7 Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.
• 1984 - Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to walk in space.
• 1985 - Nelson Angelo Piquet was born. Brazilian auto race driver.
• 1986 - Vincent Minnelli dies in Los Angeles (b. 28 Fev 1903). Movie director.
• 1987 - Michael Welch was born. Actor
• 1988 - Judith Barsi dies (b. 1978). Actress.
• 1989 - Rock/Hip-hop trio The Beastie Boys release the classic Paul's Boutique.
• 1990 - Comedian Roseanne Barr grabs her crotch and spits on the ground when performing the U.S. national anthem at a San Diego Padres game.
• 1991 - A grande muralha da China é declarada Património Cultural da Humanidade pela Unesco
• 1992 - 25th Olympic Summer games opens in Barcelona, Spain/ Início das Olimpíadas de Barcelona (Espanha) .
• 1993 - Miguel Indurain wins his 3rd Tour de France
• 1993 - 48th US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Lauri Merten
• 1994 - Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration which formally ends the state of war that has existed between the nations since 1948.
• 1995 - A U.N. war crimes tribunal indicted Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic, army commander Gen. Ratko Mladic, and 22 other Serbs for war crimes.
• 1997 - K.R. Narayanan is sworn-in as India's 10th president and the first member of the Dalits caste to hold this office.
• 1997 - Ben Hogan dies (b. 1912). American golfer.
• 1998 - The United States Navy commissions the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman and puts her into service.
• 1999 - Lance Armstrong rode to victory in his first winning of Tour de France.
• 2000 - An Air France Concorde supersonic passenger jet crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 5 on the ground.
• 2003 - Ludwig Bölkow dies. Airplane engineer
• 2003 - John Schlesinger dies (b. 1926). British film director.
• 2004 - Lance Armstrong makes history, winning his 6th (consecutive) Tour de France.
• 2004 - Carmen Gutierrez, a doctor who won Mexico's Woman of the Year award (1997), was found dead in a canal on the outskirts of Mexico City. She was kidnapped Jul 22.
• 2005 - Albert Mangelsdorff dies (b. 1928). German jazz trombonist.
• Roman festivals - Furinalia
• Galiza - National Day (Dia da Patria Galega).
• Saint James the Great - patron saint of Spain.
• Costa Rica - Anniversary of the Annexation of Guanacaste Province
• Cuba - Eve of Revolution Day
• Puerto Rico - Constitution Day (1952)
• Tunisia - Republic Day (1957)
• Virgin Islands - Hurricane Supplication Day
• Inca - festival in honor of Ilyap'a
• Municipal holiday in Ovar - Aveiro - Portugal