On this day in History - Jul 24

• 1245 - O Papa Inocêncio IV retira a D. Sancho II a autoridade real.
• 1411 - Battle of Harlow
• 1567 - Mary Queen of Scots is deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son King James VI.
• 1568 - Don Carlos of Spain dies (b. 1545)
• 1660 - Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, was born (d. 1718). English politician
• 1686 - Benedetto Marcello was born (d. 24 Jul 1739). Italian composer, writer and poet
• 1701 - Detroit, Michigan founded.
• 1704 - Uma força anglo-holandesa comandada pelo príncipe Jorge de Hesse-Darmstadt, e transportada por uma frota sob o comando do almirante inglês sir George Rooke, ocupa Gibraltar, durante a Guerra de Sucessão de Espanha.
• 1725 - John Newton was born (d. 1807). Cleric and hymnist
• 1739 - Benedetto Marcello dies (b. 24 Jul 1739). Italian composer, writer and poet
• 1768 - Nathanial Lardner dies (b. 1684). English theologian
• 1783 - Simón Bolívar was born in Caracas, Venezuela (d. 17 Dec1830). South American liberator
• 1786 - Joseph Nicollet was born (d. 1843). Mathematician and explorer.
• 1802 - Alexandre Dumas père, was born (d. 1870). French writer ( "The Three Musketeers").
• 1803 - Adolphe Charles Adam was born (d. 1956). French composer.
• 1803 - Alexander Davis was born (d. 14 Jan 1892). American architect, designer and illustrator.
• 1804 - Martin Knoller dies (b. 1725). Painter
• 1814 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
• 1827 - Ocorrem em Portugal "As Archotadas". Saldanha, ministro da guerra, depois de pretender demitir o intendente-geral da polícia, Joaquim Rodrigues de Bastos, e o chanceler da Casa da Suplicação, o desembargador João de Matos e Vasconcelos e Barbosa de Magalhães, demitia-se, ao mesmo tempo que sucessivas manifestações em Lisboa o aclamavam e que se repetiram nos dias 25 e 27. Ficaram conhecidas como as archotadas, porque, realizando-se à noitinha, os magotes de manifestantes, então ditos os grotescos, utilizavam archotes.
• 1832 - Benjamin Bonneville leads the first wagon train across the Rocky Mountains by using Wyoming's South Pass.
• 1847 - After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City.
• 1853 - William Gillette was born (d. 29 Apr 1937). American playwright and actor.
• 1857 - Henrik Pontoppidan was born. Danish writer. Nobel Prize for Literature in 1917.
• 1860 - Alfons Mucha was born (d. 1937). Artist.
• 1862 - Martin Van Buren dies. Eighth President of the United States
• 1864 - Frank Wedekind was born (d. 1918). German writer.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown - Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Unon troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep Yankees out of the Shenandoah Valley.
• 1866 - Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
• 1870 - Nascimento, em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, de Alphonsus Guimaraens (Afonso Henrique da Costa Guimarães). Grande poeta brasileiro.
• 1878 - Lord Dunsany was born (d. 1957). Writer
• 1880 - Ernest Bloch was born (d. 1959). Swiss composer.
• 1885 - Entrada em vigor do 2.º Acto Adicional à Carta Constitucional, que tentava dar um carácter mais democrático à vida política portuguesa.
• 1890 - Nascimento, em Campinas, São Paulo, de Guilherme de Almeida (Guilherme de Andrade e Almeida), conhecido como "o príncipe dos poetas brasileiros".
• 1895 - Robert Graves was born (d. 12 Jul 1985). English author.
• 1896 - Hermann Kasack was born (d. 1966). Writer.
• 1897 - Amelia Earhart was born (d. 7 Fev 1937). American aviator; the first woman to fly alone over the Atlantic.
• 1898 - Amelia Earhart was born (d. 1937). American aviator.
• 1899 - Chief Dan George was born (d. 1981). Native American actor.
• 1901 - O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
• 1904 - James Rhyne Killian was born (d. 29 Jan 1988) American president of M.I.T. (1948-59); helped create NASA
• 1908 - Cootie Williams was born (d. 15 Sep 1985). American jazz musician : trumpeter
• 1910 - James MacGillivray publishes first account of Paul Bunyan in the Detroit News.
• 1911- Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu "the Lost City of the Incas".
• 1914 - Edwin Mirvish was born. Retailer and impresario
• 1915 - Passenger ship Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, Illinois, with the loss of 845 lives.
• 1916 - John D. MacDonald was born (d. 28 Dec 1986). American mystery and science fiction writer
• 1917 - Robert Farnon was born. Conductor, composer and arranger
• 1918 - Ruggiero Ricci was born. American violinist.
• 1919 - Nascimento de Maria Pinto da Silva - A minha querida mãezinha.
• 1920 - Bella Abzug was born (d. 31 Mar 1998). American feminist, lawyer and politician
• 1921 - Billy Taylor was born. Jazz pianist.
• 1923 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.
• 1926 - Hans Günter Winkler, was born. Equestrian jumper
• 1927 - The Menin Gate war memorial is unveiled at Ypres.
• 1927 - Ryunosuke Akutagawa dies (b. 1892). Japanese writer.
• 1929 - The Kellogg-Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it was first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).
• 1929 - Oriana Fallaci was born. Italian journalist and author
• 1929 - Peter Yates was born. Movie director
• 1931 - Ermanno Olmi was born. Italian director
• 1931 - A fire at a home for aged people in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania kills 48 people.
• 1933 - Doug Sanders was born. Golfer
• 1934 - Rudy Collins was born. Ddrummer (Dizzy Gillespie Quintet)
• 1935 - Pat Oliphant was born. Political cartoonist
• 1935 - The dust bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109°F (44°C) in Chicago, Illinois and 104°F (40°C) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
• 1936 - Ruth Buzzi was born. Comedienne
• 1937 - Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro Boys."
• 1940 - Stanley Hauerwas was born. Christian theologian.
• 1942 - Chris Sarandon was born. Actor.
• 1943 - World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
• 1945 - No final da Conferência de Potsdam, Churchill, Truman e o delegado chinês pedem a rendição incondicional do Japão. Os japoneses responderam negativamente, desconhecendo que a recusa implicava o lançamento de bombas atómicas no Japão.
• 1945 - Azim Premji was born. Businessman.
• 1947 - Robert Hays was born. Actor.
• 1947 - Peter Serkin was born. American pianist
• 1949 - Michael Richards was born. Comedian
• 1951 - Lynda Carter was born. Actress
• 1951 - Chris Smith was born. British politician.
• 1952 - Gus Van Sant was born. Film director
• 1956 - At New York City's Copacabana Club, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis perform their last comedy show together which started on July 25, 1946.
• 1957 - Pam Tillis was born. Country music singer
• 1958 - Júlia Correia was born. Portuguese actress.
• 1959 - At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, US vice-president Richard Nixon and Nikita Khrushchev have a "kitchen debate."
• 1962 - Edson Bueno de Camargo was born. Brazilian poet.
• 1963 - Karl Malone weas born. Basketball player
• 1964 - Barry Bonds was born. Major League Baseball player.
• 1964 - Banana Yoshimoto was born. Japanese novelist.
• 1965 - Kadeem Hardison was born. Actor.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are the targets of antiaircraft missiles in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other three sustain damage.
• 1965 - Constance Bennett dies. Actress
• 1967 - During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delighted many Quebecers but angered the Canadian government and many English Canadians.
• 1968 - Laura Leighton was born. Actress.
• 1968 - Kristin Chenoweth was born. Musical actress.
• 1969 - Rick Fox, was born. Basketball player
• 1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
• 1969 - Witold Gombrowicz dies (b. 1904). Polish novelist and dramatist.
• 1970 - Jennifer Lopez was born. Actress, singer
• 1973 - Ana Cristina De Oliveira was born in Lisbon. Portuguese model and actress. Winner "Prix d'interpretation Janine Bazin" (Best Actress) at the Festival International Du Film Belfort, for her portrayal of the title role in the Feature Film, "Odete".
• 1974 - Watergate Scandal: The United States Supreme Court unanimously rule that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
• 1974 - James Chadwik dies (b. 1891). English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1980 - Peter Sellers dies. English actor .
• 1981 - Gauge was born. Porn actress
• 1981 - Summer Glau was born. American actress
• 1982 - Anna Paquin was born. Actress.
• 1983 - George Brett, batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
• 1991 - Isaac Bashevis Singer dies. Ukrainian author, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1996 - Mohammed Farah Aidid dies. Somali warlord.
• 1997 - William J. Brennan dies (b. 1906). Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
• 1998 - Russel Eugene Weston Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
• 1998 - Paula Cristina Matos died. Portuguese television journalist.
• 2001 - Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, was sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, and became the only monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
• 2001 - The Taiwan Solidarity Union is established.
• 2002 - James Traficant is expelled from the United States House of Representatives on a vote of 420 to 1.
• 2002 - Alfred Moisiu becomes President of Albania.
• 2005 - Lance Armstrong wins his seventh Tour de France.
• 2005 - Richard Doll dies (b. 1912). English epidemiologist
• Ecuador - Simón Bolívar Day
• Utah - Pioneer Day (1847)
• Vanuatu - Children's Day
• Saint Christina the Astonishing
• Venezuela - Birth of the Libertador (Simón Bolívar Day)
• Ancient Latvia - Jekaupa Diena held