On this day in History - Jul 16

• 0622 - Beginning of the Islamic calendar. Mahomet began his flight from Mecca to Medina (Hegira).
• 1054 - Excommunication of Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople / Um representante do Papa deposita na catedral de Santa Sofia, uma Bula de excomunhão contra o patriarca de Constantinopla. É a oficialização da ruptura entre a Igreja romana e a ortodoxa, que durava à séculos.
• 1054 - The 'Great Schism' between the Western and Eastern churches began over rival claims of universal pre-eminence. (In 1965, 911 years later, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I met to declare an end to the schism.)
• 1099 - Crusaders herd the Jews of Jerusalem into a synagogue & set it afire
• 1212 - Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: Alfonso VIII, King of Castile and other christian forces, defeats the Moors / Forças de todos os reinos cristãos ibéricos, dirigidos pelos reis Afonso VIII de Castela, Sancho VII de Navarra e Pedro II de Aragão, derrotam o rei mouro de Granada na Batalha de Navas de Tolosa.
• 1216 - Death of Pope Innocent III.
• 1324 - Emperor Go-Uda of Japan dies (b. 1267)
• 1342 - King Charles I of Hungary dies.
• 1377 - Ricardo II é coroado Rei de Inglaterra, sucedendo ao avô Eduardo III
• 1394 - O rei Carlos VI, o Louco, ordena a expulsão dos Judeus de França.
• 1429 - Coronation of Charles VII of France, at Rheims
• 1439 - In 1439, a petition from Commons requested to be excused from kissing the king because of the Plague. Thus England banned kissing to try and prevent spread of disease and pestilence
• 1465 - Battle of Montlhéry - League of the Public Weal combats Louis XI, King of France. Both armies fled the battlefield ("Traditionnellement, cette bataille a été considérée comme indécise, tant sur le plan tactique que pour ce qui concerne l'issue de la guerre civile " in La Bataille de Montlhéry par Michel Rimboud )
• 1486 - Andrea del Sarto, was born (d. 1530). Italian painter.
• 1493 - Caterina, mother of Leonardo da Vinci, old and sick arrives in Milan to live with him. She would die shortly after.
• 1498 - Legation of Machiavelli to Caterina Sforza the Countess of Imola and Forti
• 1548 - La Paz, Bolivia is founded
• 1519 - The Leipzig Disputation - Public debate between Martin Luther (1483-1546) & theologist John Eck
• 1546 - Anne Askew is burnt in England for denying doctrine of transubstantiation.
• 1557 - Anne of Cleves dies (b. 1515). Fourth wife of Henry VIII of England
• 1590 - Morre Frei Bartolomeu dos Mártires, Arcebispo de Braga (n. 1514)
• 1630 - Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy dies (b. 1562)
• 1647 - Masaniello dies (b. 1622). Italian rebel.
• 1664 - Andreas Gryphius dies (b. 1616). German writer.
• 1686 - John Pearson dies (b. 1612). English theologian.
• 1691 - François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois dies (b. 1641). French war minister
• 1704 - John Kay was born. English machinist, invented flying shuttle
• 1723 - Sir Joshua Reynolds was born in Plympton, Devonshire (d. 23 Feb 1792). English portrait painter (Simplicity) The Pre-Raphaleites called him "Sir Sloshua." ( Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces, 1765, Ladies Adorning a Term of Hymen, 1773, oil on canvas, Tate Gallery, London; Simplicity Dawson)
• 1728 - Henri Moreau was born. French composer.
• 1729 - Johann David Heinichen dies (b. 1683). German composer.
• 1730 - Elijah Fenton dies in Easthampstead, Berkshire (d. 1683). English poet ( Poems on Several Occasions - 1717 ) and translator.
• 1746 - Giuseppe Piazzi was born (d. 1826). Italian astronomer . He discovered, on 1st January 1801, in Palermo, the first and largest asteroid (Ceres)
• 1769 - Spanish Franciscan missionary Father Junipero Serra founds Mission San Diego de Alcalá, the first mission in California, the first permanent Spanish settlement on America's westcoast.
• 1770 - Francis Cotes dies (b. 1726). English painter.
• 1774 - Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed the treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardji, ending their six-year war.
• 1779 - American Revolutionary War: United States forces led by General Anthony Wayne capture Stony Point, New York from British troops.
• 1782 - First performance of Mozart's opera The Abduction from the Seraglio, in Vienna.
  The reaction was mixed. Mostly it went over well, but there was a loud group of naysayers in the upper gallery. And Emperor Joseph the Second of Austria would later issue his own gentle criticism.
• 1783 - Grants of land in Canada to American loyalists announced.
• 1790 - The signing of the Residence Bill establishes a site along the Potomac River as the District of Columbia (seat of government) of the United States (see Washington, DC).
• 1796 - Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot was born (d. 1875). French painter. His large, grandiose paintings contrasted with the work of the Impressionists. His work included "Madame Corot" (1833-1835) and "Interrupted Reading" (1870-1873).
• 1821 - Mary Baker Eddy was born (d. 1910). American religious leader. Founder of the Christian Science Church.
• 1823 - Lord Byron (1788-1824) sai de Génova em direcção à Grécia, enquanto agente da Comissão Grega de Londres.
• 1831 - Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron dies (b. 1763). Russian general.
• 1834 - Franz Adolf Lüderitz was born (d. 1886). Salesman and politician.
• 1848 - Jons Jakob Berzelius dies. Chemist.
• 1861 - First major battle of the Civil War - Bull Run.
• 1862 - American Civil War: David G. Farragut becomes the first United States Navy rear admiral.
• 1862 - Ida B. Wells, was born (d. 1931). American journalist and anti-lynching crusader.
• 1862 - Constâncio Alves was born in São Salvador Bahia (d. 11 Feb 1933). Brazilian poet and journalist.
• 1863 - Howard E. Smith, American church organist and composer of the melody to the popular hymn, 'Love Lifted Me.'
• 1867 - A patent for ready-mixed paint was granted to D.R. Averill, of Newberg, Ohio.
• 1872 - Roald Amundsen was born in Borge (d. 1928). Norwegian explorer. He was the first to reach the South Pole by land and navigated the Northwest Passage.
• 1880 - First woman licensed to practice medicine in Canada - Dr. Emily Howard Stowe.
• 1882 - Mary Todd Lincoln dies (b. 1818). First Lady of the United States.
• 1888 - Percy Kilbride was born (cd. 1964). American actor ( Pa Kettle)
• 1888 - Frits Zernike was born (d. 1966). Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1889 - "Shoeless" Joe Jackson was born (d. 1951). American baseball player.
• 1889 - Larry Semon was born (d. 1928). Film comedian.
• 1890 - Gottfried Keller dies in Zurich, three days short of his birthdate.
• 1896 - Trygve Lie was born (d. 1968). First United Nations Secretary General.
• 1902 - Georg Schwarz was born in Nürtingen (d. 1991). German writer.
• 1903 - Carmen Lombardo was born (d. 1971). Canadian singer, saxophonist, composer, and arranger.
• 1904 - Goffredo Petrassi was born. Italian composer.
• 1906 - Vincent Sherman was born in Vienna. Film director.
• 1907 - Orville Redenbacher was born. Popcorn king (Orville Redenbacher's Gourmet)
• 1907 - Dr. Frances Horwich was born (d. 2001). American television personality.
• 1907 - Barbara Stanwyck [Ruby Stevens] was born (d. 1990). American actress d. 1990
• 1911 - Ginger Rogers [Virginia Katherine McNath], was born (d. 1995). American Academy Award-winning actress and dancer who appeared in several romantic comedies with her dancing partner Fred Astaire .
• 1911 - Paulo Gracindo was born. Brazilian actor.
• 1913 - Peter van Eyck was born (d. 1969). Actor.
• 1914 - Hellenic Holocaust: According to the German Consul Kuchhoff: "The entire Greek population of Sinope and the coastal region of the county of Kastanome has been exiled. Exile and extermination in Turkish are the same, for whoever is not murdered, will die from hunger or illness."
• 1915 - Henry James becomes a British citizen to dramatize his commitment to England and the Allied cause, explaining: "I have testified to my long attachment here in the only way I could-though I certainly shouldn't have done it . . . if the U.S.A. had done a little more for me."
• 1915 - Barnard Hughes was born (d. 11 Jul 2006). American actor.
• 1916 - Mário Dionísio was born. Portuguese writer and professor.
• 1916 - Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov dies (b. 1845). Russian microbiologist, Nobel laureate
• 1917 - Philipp Scharwenka dies (b. 1847). Polish-German composer.
• 1918 - Russian Revolution: At Ekaterinburg, Bolsheviks execute Czar Nicholas II of Russia and his family.
• 1919 - Choi Kyuha was born. President of South Korea
• 1924 - Bess Myerson was born. Miss America (1945) and television personality
• 1925 - Cal Tjader was born (d. 1982). Musician.
• 1925 - Trinidad Rosa Quintana Muñoz de Kogan (Rosita Quintana) was born. Argentine actress.
• 1926 - Irwin Rose was born. American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• 1927 - Mindy Carson was born in New York City, New York. American singer .
• 1927 - Augusto Sandino began a 5-year war against the US occupation of Nicaragua.
• 1930 - Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia signs the first constitution of Ethiopia.
• 1931 - Missionary C.T. Studd, one of the famous "Cambridge Seven" and [missionary] to China, India, and Africa, dies.
• 1932 - Richard L. Thornburgh (also known as Dick Thornburgh) was born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pa. U.S. District Attorney for the Western District of Pennsylvania (1969-75); Governor of Pennsylvania, (1979-87). U.S. Attorney General, 1988-91.
• 1935 - Arnold Adoff is born in New York. He will become well-known as a poet and anthologist, especially of titles that celebrate African-American heritage. In 1988 he was awarded, for the body of his work, the National Council of Teachers of English Award for Excellence in Poetry for Children.
• 1935 - The first parking meters were installed in Oklahoma City.
• 1939 - William Bell [William Yarborough] was born in Memphis, TN. A principal architect of the Stax-Volt sound, singer/composer William Bell remains best known for his classic "You Don't Miss Your Water," one of the quintessential soul records to emerge from the Memphis scene. In 1988 Bell was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame; that same year receiving the Rhythm & Blues Foundation's R&B Pioneer Award.
• 1939 - Corin Redgrave was born. Actor.
• 1941 - Pe. António Tomás de Sales dies in Fortaleza, Ceará ( b. in Acarati 14 Sep 1868). Brazilian poet.
• 1942 - Margaret Court was born. Former tennis player
• 1942 - Holocaust: On order from the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13,000-20,000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome.
• 1944 - Soviet troops occupy Vilna, Lithuania, in their drive towards Germany.
• 1945 - The United States exploded its first experimental atomic bomb, called Fat Boy, in the desert of Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• 1945 - Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium-based test nuclear weapon at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico.
• 1946 - Ron Yary was born. American football player Pro Football Hall of Famer
• 1947 - Assata Shakur was born. Black Panther Party member
• 1948 - Rubén Blades was born. Panamanian actor, musician, and politician
• 1948 - Pinchas Zukerman was born in Telaviv. Israeli violinist and conductor.
• 1949 - Ibvanov Vyacheslav Ivanovich dies in Rome (b. 1866). The leading poet of the Russian Symbolist movement, philosopher and classical scholar. His most important poetical achievement is Cor Ardens (1911); he also published translations of Sappho and Aeschylus
• 1951 - The novel Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger is published.
• 1951 - King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates.
• 1952 - Stewart Copeland was born. American musician
• 1953 - Hilaire Belloc dies at his home in Shipley, Sussex. French writer and journalist
• 1953 - Mickey Rourke was born. Actor.
• 1956 - Tony Kushner was born. American playwright
• 1956 - The last Ringling Bros. Barnum and Bailey circus held its last show under the canvas tent.
• 1956 - Padre Américo dies (b. 23 Oct 1887). Portuguese pedagogue (Casa do Gaiato)
• 1957 - United States Marine Major John Glenn flies a F8U supersonic jet from California to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds setting a new transcontinental speed record.
• 1958 - Michael Flatley was born. Dancer .
• 1958 - Nereu Ramos dies. President of Brazil (1955-1956)
• 1959 - Gary Anderson was born. American football player
• 1960 - Albert Kesselring dies (b. 1881). German field marshal.
• 1963 - Phoebe Cates was born. American actress
• 1963 - Fatboy Slim was born. English musician
• 1963 - Srečko Katanec was born. Slovenian footballer and coach
• 1964 - Phil Hellmuth was born. American poker player
• 1964 - Miguel Induráin was born. Spanish cyclist
• 1964 - In accepting the Republican presidential nomination in San Francisco, Barry M. Goldwater said "extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice" and that "moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.
• 1965 - Mount Blanc Road tunnel between France & Italy opened.
• 1967 - Will Ferrell was born. Actor-comedian
• 1967 - Mily Possoz dies (b. 1888). Modernistic Portuguese painter.
• 1968 - Barry Sanders was born. American football player
• 1969 - Rain Pryor was born. Actress, singer, comedian (Rain Pryor has become a new Ambassador for the MS cause and has volunteered to support the work of the National MS Society (Note: MS = Multiple Sclerosis )
• 1969 - "Apollo Eleven" blasted off from Cape Kennedy on the first manned mission to the surface of the moon. The astronauts onboard were: Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Michael Collins.
• 1969 - Adelino Magalhães dies. Brazilian writer.
• 1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 11 launches off from Cape Kennedy, Florida with the goal to become the first manned space mission to land on the moon. / A missão Apollo 11 começa, com o lançamento do Centro Espacial Kennedy. Tem por objectivo colocar o primeiro homem na Lua.
• 1970 - State of emergency called over dock strike Home Secretary Reginald Maudling declares a state of emergency to deal with strikes at UK ports (Font: BBC).
• 1971 - Ed Kowalczyk was born. Rock musician (Live)
• 1971 - Corey Feldman was born. American actor.
• 1972 - Robert Wagner e Natalie Wood casam-se novamente. Haviam-se separado em 1962.
• 1973 - Watergate Scandal: Former White House aide Alexander P. Butterfield informs the United States Senate committee investigating scandal that President Richard Nixon had secretly recorded potentially incriminating conversations.
• 1974 - Chris Pontius was born. American skateboard enthusiast
• 1975 - Ana Paula Arósio was born. Brasilian model and actress.
• 1976 - Anna Smashnova was born. Israeli tennis player.
• 1979 - Saddam Hussein became president of Iraq.
• 1979 - Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Saddam Hussein replaces him.
• 1979 - Alfred Deller dies (b. 1912). English countertenor.
• 1980 - Ronald Reagan won the Republican presidential nomination at the party's convention in Detroit.
• 1981 - Harry Chapin dies (b. 1942). American singer and songwriter.
• 1985 - Heinrich Böll dies near Bonn (b. 21 Dec 1917). German writer of ironic novels of travails of life during and after World War II. Winner of Nobel Prize for Literature in 1972. Boll's work includes Und sagte kein einziges Wort (1953), aka Acquainted with the Night ; "The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum" (1974)
• 1985 - The National League won baseball's 56th All-Star Game, defeating the American League 6-1 at the Metrodome in Minneapolis. The game marked the first program to be broadcast in stereo by a TV network. NBC gets the honor.
• 1986 - Lawrence B. Mulloy, director of the space shuttle's solid rocket booster program at the time of the Challenger disaster, announced he was retiring from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
• 1987 - Former White House political director Lyn Nofziger was charged with violating federal ethics laws in a six-count indictment. (Nofziger was later convicted of three counts of illegally lobbying White House officials; however, those convictions were overturned by a federal appeals court.)
• 1987 - Great British airline ready for take off: Great British airline ready for take off. The two biggest airlines in the UK are to merge and create a carrier to compete with America's giant air corporations.
• 1988 - The Reverend Jesse Jackson arrived in Atlanta for the Democratic national convention, telling cheering supporters he was seeking "shared responsibility" with nominee-apparent Michael Dukakis.
• 1988 - João Hogan dies. Portuguese painter and engraver.
• 1989 - Leaders of the seven major industrial democracies wrapped up their economic summit in Paris with a call for "decisive action" to fight global pollution.
• 1989 - Herbert von Karajan dies near Salzburg (b. 1908). Austrian conductor.
• 1990 - An earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale devastated the Philippines, killing over 1,600 people. A thousand more were missing. It was the worst earthquake in that part of the world since 1976.
• 1990 - Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev and West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl announced that Moscow had agreed to drop its objection to a united Germany's membership in NATO.
• 1990 - In the Philippines, an earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter Scale kills over 1600.
• 1990 - Ukraine declared independence.
• 1991 - Leaders of the group of Seven nations holding their economic summit in London issued a communiqué calling for a "new spirit of cooperation" in the international community.
• 1991 - Frank Rizzo dies (b. 1920). American politican.
• 1991 - Robert Motherwell dies. American painter (Elegies to Spanish Rep).
• 1992 - Bill Clinton delivered his acceptance speech a day after winning the Democratic presidential nomination at the party's convention in New York.
• 1992 - To the dismay and anger of supporters, Ross Perot announced he would not run for president (however, he later changed his mind).
• 1992 - A train carrying 2,200 tons of New York garbage that spent three weeks winding its way through the Midwest headed home for burial in a Staten Island landfill.
• 1993 - The surging Mississippi River charged through a levee at West Quincy, Missouri, closing the Bayview Bridge, the only bridge across the river to Illinois for more than 200 miles.
• 1994 - Sweden shuts out Bulgaria 4-0, to finish 3rd in the World Cup
• 1994 - The planet Jupiter is hit by fragments of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet.
• 1994 - The civil war in Rwanda comes to an end.
• 1994 - Julian Schwinger dies (b. 1918). American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.
• 1995 - Stephen Spender dies (b. 1909). American poet.
• 1995 - William Barloon and David Daliberti, the two Americans who were imprisoned in Iraq for crossing the border from Kuwait four months earlier, were released.
• 1996 - President Clinton told the National Governors Association he was granting states new powers to deny benefits to recipients who refuse to move from welfare to work.
• 1996 - Russian President Boris Yeltsin met a day late with Vice President Al Gore, easing some of the concerns about his fragile health.
• 1996 - John Panozzo dies (b. 1948). American musician (STYX).
• 1997 - Hundreds of FBI agents, some handing out photos in gay bars and hotels, blanketed south Florida in the continuing hunt for alleged prostitute-turned-serial killer Andrew Phillip Cunanan, who was suspected of gunning down designer Gianni Versace.
• 1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average gains 63.17 to close at 8,038.88, closing above 8,000 for the first time.
• 1998 - The US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia refused to block Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr from calling President Clinton's Secret Service protectors before a grand jury.
• 1998 - John Henrik Clarke dies (b. 195). American historian and scholar.
• 1998 - The US FDA approved the use of thalidomide as a treatment for leprosy.
• 1999 - John F. Kennedy Jr. ( son of John F. Kennedy ), his wife Carolyn Bessette, and her sister Lauren, died in a plane crash near Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.
• 1999 - Stanley Kubrick's final film, "Eyes Wide Shut" starring Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman, made its debut.
• 1999 - Star Wars Epizode 1 is Released in the United Kingdom.
• 1999 - Off the coast of Martha's Vineyard, a plane piloted by John F. Kennedy Jr. crashes with his wife Carolyn Bessette Kennedy and her sister Lauren Bessette on board. All three are killed in the crash.
• 1999 - Star Wars Episode 1 is Released in the United Kingdom.
• 1999 - First game at Bears and Eagles Riverfront Stadium in Newark, New Jersey.
• 2000 - Families and friends of the victims of the TWA Flight 800 explosion broke ground for a new memorial on the Long Island shore not far from where the plane went down, killing all 230 people on board.
• 2001 - The FBI arrests Dmitry Sklyarov at a convention in Las Vegas, Nevada for violating a provision of the DMCA.
• 2001 - The IOC in Moscow elected Jacques Rogge (59), a Belgian surgeon, to succeed Juan Antonio Samaranch.
• 2001 - Maurice De Bevere dies (b. 1923). Belgian cartoonist.
• 2001 - Terry Gordy dies. Professional wrestler.
• 2002 - Simon & Garfunkel release the album Live In New York City, 1967, a live recording of their January 22, 1967 concert at Philharmonic Hall.
• 2002 - John Cocke dies (b. 1925). American computer scientist.
• 2003 - Celia Cruz dies in Fort Lee, NJ (b. 1924 ?5). Cuban Latin music singer
• 2003 - Carol Shields dies at her home in Victoria, British Columbia (b. 1935). Canadian Pulitzer-prize winning author who wrote "The Stone Diaries" (1995) and more than 20 other books.
• 2003 - An Australian research team led by Graham Giles of The Cancer Council published a medical study which concluded that frequent masturbation by males may help prevent the development of prostate cancer, marking the almost complete rehabilitation of the sexual practice from a dangerous health risk to a beneficial preventative health measure.
• 2003 - The Corsicans reject a referendum for increased autonomy from France by a very thin majority: 50.98 percent against, and 49.02 percent for.
• 2003 - In Sao Tomé e Príncipe, President Fradique de Menezes was ousted in a coup led by army Maj. Fernando Pereira. The revolt changed control of the impoverished country's new oil wealth.
• 2004 - Millennium Park, considered the first and most ambitious architectural project in the early 21st century for Chicago, Illinois, is opened to the public by Mayor of Chicago Richard M. Daley.
• 2004 - Barclays Bank freezes the bank accounts of the British National Party.
• 2004 - In Kumbakonam, southern India, a short circuit ignited a thatched roof and raged through the Lord Krishna Middle School, killing at least 88 children and injuring more than 100.
• 2004 - In Thailand the 15th International AIDS Conference ended in Bangkok.
• 2005 - Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince, the latest in J.K. Rowling's hugely popular Harry Potter series is published in English speaking countries.
• 2005 - Pietro Consagra dies (b. 1920). Italian sculptor.
• 2005 - Prince Gu of Korea dies (b. 1931).
• Botswana - President's Day (2nd day)
• Catholic - Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel / Dia de Nossa Senhora do Carmo.