On this day in History - Jul 09
- 0455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- 0518 - Anastasius I dies. Byzantine emperor
- 1228 - Stephen Langton dies. Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1249 - Emperor Kameyama of Japan was born (d. 1305)
- 1357 5:31 AM - Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor assisted laying the foundation stone of Charles Bridge in Prague
- 1386 - Duke Leopold III of Autria dies (killed in battle) (b. 1351)
- 1540 - Henry VIII of England annulled his marriage to his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves.
- 1541 - Estevão da Gama departs Massawa, leaving behind 400 matchlock men and 150 slaves under his brother Christovão da Gama, with orders to assist the Emperor of Ethiopia defeat Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi who has invaded his Empire.
- 1578 - Ferdinand II was born (d. 1637). Holy Roman Emperor
- 1737 - Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany dies (b. 1671)
- 1749 - Naval settlement of Halifax, Nova Scotia founded as British answer to Louisbourg.
- 1755 - French and Indian War: Braddock Expedition - British troops and colonial militiamen are suffer a devastating defeat to French and Native American forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.
- 1764 - Ann Radcliffe was born (d. 1823). English writer
- 1775 - Matthew Lewis, was born (d. 1818). English novelist.
- 1789 - In Versailles, the National Assembly reconstitutes itself as the National Constituent Assembly and begins preparations for a French constitution.
- 1790 - Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund - In the Baltic Sea, the Swedish Navy captures one third of the Russian fleet.
- 1793 - Act Against Slavery passed in Upper Canada and importation of slaves into Lower Canada is prohibited.
- 1797 - Edmund Burke dies (b. 1729). British philosopher and statesman
- 1808 - Alexander William Doniphan was born (d. 1887). American lawyer and soldier
- 1819 - Elias Howe was born (d. 1867). American inventor ( sewing machine)
- 1832 - Portugal: O exército liberal ocupa o Porto
- 1836 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, was born (d. 1908). Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- 1846 - By an Act of Congress, the Washington, DC area south of the Potomac River (39 mi² or about 100 km²) is returned to Virginia.
- 1850 - President Zachary Taylor dies and Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States.
- 1850 - Báb dies (b. 1819). Persian founder of the Bábi Faith
- 1850 - Zachary Taylor dies (b. 1819).12th President of the United States
- 1856 - Amedeo Avogadro dies ( b. 1776) . Italian chemist.
- 1856 - Nikola Tesla was born. Croatian physicist.
- 1856 - James Strang dies assassinated (b. 1813). Mormon splinter group leader
- 1858 - Franz Boas was born (d. 1942). German anthropologist
- 1870 - A abolição da pena de morte é alargada às colónias portuguesas.
- 1893 - Dr Daniel Hale Williams performs the first successful open heart surgery at Provident Hospital in Chicago.
- 1896 - William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of gold speech.
- 1900 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gives royal assent to an act creating the Commonwealth of Australia thus uniting separate colonies on the continent under one federal government.
- 1900 - Ida Ehre was born (d. 1989). Actress.
- 1901 - Dame Barbara Cartland was born (d. 2000). English novelist.
- 1908 - Paul Brown was born (d. 1991). American football coach.
- 1911 - Mervyn Peake was born (d. 1968). British writer and illustrator.
- 1916 - Edward Heath was born. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom [1970-1974]
- 1918 - Great train wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101 and injuring 171 people, making it the deadliest rail accident in United States history.
- 1922 - Johnny Weissmuller swims the 100 meters freestyle in 58.6 seconds breaking a world swimming record and the 'minute barrier'.
- 1925 - Peter Ludwig was born (d. 1996). Entrepreneur and art collector.
- 1925 - Golpe de Estado no Equador, quando o general Francisco González de la Torre derruba o presidente Gonzalo S. Córdova.
- 1927 - Ed Ames was born. American singer and actor
- 1927 - Susan Cabot was born (d. 1986). American actress.
- 1929 - King Hassan II of Morocco was born (d. 1999)
- 1932 - Donald Rumsfeld was born. United States Secretary of Defense
- 1932 - Brasil: Tem inicío a chamada Revolução Constitucionalista, no estado de São Paulo, que apoiado pelo Mato Grosso ergue-se contra o governo central de Getúlio Vargas.
- 1935 - Mercedes Sosa was born. Argentine singer.
- 1936 - June Jordan was born (d. 2002). American writer and teacher.
- 1937 - David Hockney was born. English artist
- 1937 - Oliver Law dies killed in battle (b. 1899). First African-American commander of U.S. troops.
- 1938 - Benjamin Cardozo dies (b. 1870). American jurist.
- 1938 - Brian Dennehy was born. American actor
- 1942 - Richard Roundtree was born. American actor
- 1942 - Holocaust: Anne Frank's family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an Amsterdam warehouse.
- 1943 - John Casper was born. Astronaut
- 1945 - Dean R. Koontz was born. American author
- 1947 - O. J. Simpson was born. American football player and actor
- 1949 - Fritz Bennicke Hart dies (b. 1874). English-born Australian composer.
- 1949 - Em Portugal é fundada a Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia
- 1951 - Harry Heilmann dies (b. 1894). Baseball Hall of Famer
- 1952 - John Tesh was born. American composer
- 1955 - Jimmy Smits was born. Puerto Rican Emmy Award-winning actor: L.A. Law [1989-90]; N.Y.P.D. Blue, Birdland, Glitz, Mi Familia, Gross Misconduct, The Cisco Kid, Price of Glory
- 1956 - Tom Hanks was born. American Academy Award-winning actor: Forrest Gump [1994], Philadelphia [1993]; Apollo 13, Sleepless in Seattle, Big, Joe Versus the Volcano, Splash, The Money Pit, You’ve Got Mail, The Green Mile, Cast Awayactor
- 1956 - Marc Almond was born. British singer
- 1957 - Kelly McGillis was born. American actress.
- 1965 - Frank Bello was born. American musician (Anthrax)
- 1965 - Courtney Love was born. American musician
- 1965 - Marc Mero was born. American professional wrestler
- 1971 - Marc Andreessen was born. American software developer
- 1973 - Kelly Holcomb was born. American football player
- 1974 - Earl Warren dies (b. 1891). Governor of California, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court
- 1975 - Jack White was born. American musician (The White Stripes)
- 1976 - Fred Savage was born. American actor (The Wonder Years, The Princess Bride, Little Monsters, The Boy Who Could Fly )
- 1976 - Shelton Benjamin was born. American professional wrestler
- 1978 - Linda Park was born. Korean-born actress.
- 1979 - A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by famed "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
- 1979 - Cornelia Otis Skinner dies (b. 1899). American actress and author.
- 1980 - Morre Vinicius de Moraes, escritor e diplomata brasileiro (n. 1913).Vinícius de Moraes - o poeta do amor- foi um dos mais populares poetas brasileiros.
- 1982 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana killing all 146 people on board and eight others on the ground.
- 1985 - Rafael Campos dies of cancer at 49. Actor (Ramon-Rhoda, Sancho-V)
- 1989 - Two bombs explode in Mecca, killing one pilgrim and wounding 16 others.
- 1989 - First time Wimbeldon has both men & women's final on same day, Boris Becker beats Stefan Edberg and Steffi Graf beats Martina Navratilova
- 1991 - International Human Rights Federation cites human rights violations committed by police and military personnel during Oka crisis in Quebec, Canada.
- 1991 - South Africa is reintroduced into the Olympic movement after 30 years of exclusion.
- 1992 - Eric Sevareid dies (b. 1912). American reporter.
- 1992 - Democratic presidential nominee Bill Clinton announces that Tennessee Senator Al Gore will be his running mate.
- 1996 - Melvin Belli dies (b. 1907). American attorney.
- 1997 - Mike Tyson's boxing license is suspended for at least a year and he is fined $3 million for biting Evander Holyfield's ear in a televised match.
- 1998 - In the Azores Islands (Portugal) a 6.2 quake resulted in ten people killed, about 100 injured and 1,000 left homeless on Faial.
- 1999 - Days of student protests begins after Iranian police and hardliners attack a student dormitory of University of Tehran
- 2002 - The African Union was established in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The first chairman was Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa.
- 2002 - Laurence Janifer dies. American science fiction writer.
- 2002 - Rod Steiger dies (b. 1925) American actor.
- 2003 - Winston Graham dies (b. 1908). American author.
- 2004 - Paula Danziger dies (b. 1944) American author.
- 2004 - Paul Klebnikov dies (b. 1963) American journalist.
- 2004 - Isabel Sanford dies (b. 1917). American actress.
- 2004 - After José Manuel Durão Barroso's appointment to the European Commission, Portuguese President Jorge Sampaio announces that he will invite the second-in-line leader of PSD, Pedro Santana Lopes to form government.
- 2005 - Yevgenij Grishin dies (b. 1931). Russian speed skater.
- 2005 - Huang Kun dies (b. 1919). Chinese physicist.
- Roman festival - Caprotinia, or feasts of Juno Caprotina.
- Bahá'í Faith - Holy Day: Martyrdom of the Báb
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