0524 - Battle of Vezerone Burgundy triumphs over the French.
1002 -
Pope Leo IX was born (d. 1054). He brought the conflict between Rome and the eastern Church to a head in 1054, ending with the Patriarch of Constantinople being excommunicated and the creation of the Schism.
1527 -
Niccolò Machiavelli dies (b. 1469). Italian historian and political author (The Prince) “When the effect is good... it will always excuse the deed.”
1596 - Mikhail Feodorovich Romanov was born (d.1645). 1st Romanov Tsar of Russia (1613-45).
1633 - Galileo Galilei was tortured and threatened by Inquisition to "abjure, curse, & detest" his Copernican heliocentric views.
1646 - D. Maria Francisca Isabel de Sabóia was born. Queen of Portugal.
1774 -
Daniel D. Tompkins was born. Entrepreneur, jurist, Congressman, Governor of New York, and the sixth Vice President of the United States.
1791 - Theodore Gericault was born. Painter.
1805 -
Charles Jackson was born. Physician, chemist, pioneer geologist and mineralogist
1824 -
Étienne Aignan dies (b. 1773). Translator, political writer, librettist, playwright, and member of the Académie française.
1839 -
Machado de Assis was born (d. 29 Sep 1908). Brazilian writer / Nascimento, no Rio de Janeiro, de
Machado de Assis (Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis), jornalista, contista, cronista, romancista, poeta e teatrólogo, membro fundador e primeiro presidente da Academia Brasileira de Letras.
1844 - Luciano Baptista Cordeiro was born. Portuguese politician.
1863 -
Albert Sauveur was born. Metallurgist (one of the founders of physical metallurgy)
1866 - Dimitrios Voulgaris assume (pela 5º vez) o cargo de primeiro-ministro da Grécia
1876 - Antonio López de Santa Ana dies. Mexican general (took Alamo) and President.
1889 -
Ralph Craig was born (d. 1972). American athlete.
1891 -
Pier Luigi Nervi was born (d. 9 Jan 1979). Italian
engineer and
architect who gained international recognition for his dramatic designs for large-span
structures made possible with the use of reinforced concrete.
1898 -
Guam becomes U. S. Territory.
1908 -
Nikolai A. Rimsky-Korsakov dies (b. 1844). Russian composer, orchestrator
(Scheherazade, The Tsar's Bride, The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh). 1911 - Porfirio Diaz, the ex-president of Mexico, exiled himself to Paris.
1915 - Domingos Carvalho da Silva was born at Pedros, V. N. de Gaia (d. 26 Apr 2003). Portuguese-born Brazilian poet.
1919 -
Gérard Pelletier was born (d. 1997). French journalist, politician and diplomat.
1919 -
Vladimir Simagin was born. Chess International Grandmaster & Master, International Correspondence Chess Master, trainer.
1921 -
Judy Holliday was born in New York, New York, USA (d. 7 Jun 1965). Actress.
1925 -
Nascimento em Gouviães, concelho de Tarouca, de
Adácio Pestana (m. 21 Abr 2004). Músico (trompista) português.
1927 - South Africa: The Flag DisputeFollowing the introduction of a bill to provide a national flag for the Union of South Africa (in 1925 by DF Malan), Afrikaner nationalists have rebelled against plans to have a Union Jack in the centre.
1927 -
Carl Stokes was born (d. 1996). Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio.
1932 - Heavyweight Max Schmeling lost a title fight by decision to Jack Sharkey; Schmeling's manager, Joe Jacobs, exclaimed: "We was robbed!"
1934 - Wulf Kristen was born. Writer and recipient of the Heinrich Mann Prize.
1939 -
Ruben Berrios was born. Puerto Rican politician and current president of the Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP). Lawyer.
1942 - World War II:
Tobruk falls to
German forces. Considered by Winston Churchill as "one of the heaviest blows I can recall during the war", Rommel's Panzerarmee Afrika captures Tobruk. Allied forces are overrun and 25,000 are captured.
1942 - Henry Taylor was born in Loudoun County, Virginia. American Pulitzer-Prize winning poet in 1986 (
The Flying Change). 1942 -
Teixeira_Lopes dies (b. 27 Oct 1866). Portuguese sculptor / Morreu o escultor português Teixeira Lopes
1944 - Nascimento em Budapeste, Hungria de
André José Adler, actor e director do cinema brasileiro.
1945 - World War II:
Battle of Okinawa ends. Japanese forces on Okinawa surrendered to the Americans. The embattled destroyer USS Laffey survived horrific damage from attacks by 22 Japanese aircraft off Okinawa. American soldiers on Okinawa found the body of the Japanese commander, Lt. Gen. Mitsuru Ushijima, who had committed suicide.
1947 - A Seaman named Harold Dahl claims to have seen six
UFOs near
Maury Island. The next morning Dahl reported the first modern
MIB encounter.
1953 -
Benazir Bhutto was born. Prime Minister of Pakistan (twice), first female Muslim head of government.
1955 -
Tim Bray was born. Computer programmer.
1957 -
Johannes Stark dies (b. 15 Abr 1874). German physician,
1919 Nobel Prize for Physics laureate for his discovery in 1913 that an electric field would cause splitting of the lines in the spectrum of light emitted by a luminous substance; the phenomenon is called the Stark effect.
1963 - Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini was chosen to succeed the late Pope John XXIII as head of the Roman Catholic Church. The new pope took the name
Paul VI,
263th pope.
1964 -
François Duvalier é proclamado presidente vitalício do Haiti.
1970 - In Mexico City Brazil beats Italy, 4-1, to win soccer's World Cup for the 3rd. time
1976 -
Margaret Herrick dies (b. 1902). Librarian and director of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
1989 - Melanie Griffith and Don Johnson remarry
1990 - Ross Munro dies. Journalist, editor, and publisher
1992 - Yoshiko Uchida dies (b. 1921). Japanese-American writer.
1992 - Li Xiannian dies. Chinese President (1983-88).
1997 - The G-7 Summit became the G-8 with the addition of Russia at its meeting in Denver. Moscow was admitted to the Paris Club of creditors. Summit leaders meeting in Denver wrestled with a list of global challenges.
1997 - The
WNBA made its debut.
1998 - Alan Shepard dies. American Astronaut
1998 - In Colombia Andres Pastrana, the conservative former mayor of Bogota, won the elections.
1998 - In the Czech Republic the Social Democrats placed first in parliamentary elections.
1999 - NATO finalized an agreement with the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) to demilitarize.
2000 -
Section 28 repealed in Scotland with a 99 to 17 vote.
2002 - In Burundi a court has sentenced 11 people to death and 16 others to life imprisonment for taking part in massacres that followed the 1993 assassination of Burundi's first democratically elected leader.
2003 , Lennox Lewis retained his heavyweight title after a cut stopped Vitali Klitschko after six brawling rounds in Los Angeles.
2003 - Sergio Endrigo dies (b. 15 June 1933). Italian singer.
2004 -
Leonel Brizola dies (b. 22 Jan 1922). Former governor of Rio Grande do Sul and Rio de Janeiro states, one of Brazil's most notable leftist politicians, created and armed the so-called "Groups of 11," cells designed to resist the military dictatorship.
Summer solstice (
Northern hemisphere) Many children and adults look forward to the beginning of the season and to beating its heat. Swimming and ice cream consumption rank high among these rites. The summer solstice, the longest day of the year, is the moment when the perceived pattern of the sun is farthest from the Equator.
Winter solstice (
Southern hemisphere)
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